An interventional study of oral care augmented reality (AR) and video-based oral hygiene education course in Oral Dryness and Saliva Altered, Oral Manifestations and Swallowing Disorder, sponsored by Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital. Recruiting at 1 site in Taiwan. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-07.
Sponsored by Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of augmented reality (AR) system training intervention of foreign care workers on the salivary biomarker and oral function of older people.
This randomized controlled trial included experimental group: AR group (EG-A) Video group (EG-B) and control group(CG), respectively. The EG-A will receive augmented reality (AR) system training intervention with AR tooth-cleaning skills session course add video-based oral hygiene education course . The EG-B receive video-based oral hygiene education course and The CG only receive only a leaflet.
A randomized experimental design was used. Female foreign care workers whose aged 21 to 65 years and by cared older peoples whose aged 65 to 75 years were recruited through community-based site of long-term care service in Kaohsiung city. Each group was expected for 12 care workers and by cared older peoples who each group. G*Power (version 3.1.9.4) was used for power analysis.
All foreign care workers whose participants will underwent questionnaire examination at baseline and at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month follow-ups. The information of foreign care workers regarding oral care cognition, attitude, self-efficacy, and oral care behavior intention will be collected by a self-report questionnaire before and after intervention.
Each by cared older peoples will be evaluation oral hygiene and function by oral hygienist, and will completed the questionnaire at baseline and at 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Older people by cared will assess plaque control record (PCR), tongue coating index (TCI), repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), oral diadochokinetic (DDK), oral moisture degree (OMD),masticatory efficiency (MoE) and salivary biomarker at baseline (Time 1), three months (Time 2) and six months (Time 3) follow-ups.
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This study's planned enrollment of 42 is below the median of 60 across 471 interventional studies indexed under Deglutition Disorders.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Behavioral: The experimental of A group received a 40-minute AR tooth-cleaning skills session and a 50-minute video-based oral hygiene education course.
Device: oral care augmented reality (AR) · Other: video-based oral hygiene education course
The experimental of B group received a 50-minute video-based oral hygiene education course.
Other: video-based oral hygiene education course
The CG only receive only a booklet of traditional classroom oral health education
Augmented reality (AR) is an extension of perceptible reality, whereby additional information, such as texts or virtual objects, can be displayed in the user's field of vision.The oral care augmented reality (AR) simulation training can train foreign care workers by switching languages (Indonesian) and therefore reduce language-related learning barriers.
50-minute video-based oral hygiene education course
Tongue Coating Index(TCI)
The tongue-coating status of 9 areas of tongue surfaces was recorded using the tongue coating index, as follows: Score 0: Tongue coating not visible. Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible. Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible. Range= 0 to 18 Score
Time frame: Change from Baseline TCI at 1-month after intervention
Tongue Coating Index(TCI)
The tongue-coating status of 9 areas of tongue surfaces was recorded using the tongue coating index, as follows: Score 0: Tongue coating not visible. Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible. Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible. Range= 0 to 18 Score
Time frame: Change from Baseline TCI at 3-month after intervention
Tongue Coating Index(TCI)
The tongue-coating status of 9 areas of tongue surfaces was recorded using the tongue coating index, as follows: Score 0: Tongue coating not visible. Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible. Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible. Range= 0 to 18 Score
Time frame: Change from Baseline TCI at 6-month after intervention
Oral Dryness Status
The oral dryness status of saliva flow rate was recorded using the saxon test(Chew gauze sponge for 2 mins), as follows: Normal: 2.75 g/2min. Oral dryness: 2 g/2min.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Oral Dryness Status at 1-month after intervention
Oral Dryness Status
The oral dryness status of saliva flow rate was recorded using the saxon test(Chew gauze sponge for 2 mins), as follows: Normal: 2.75 g/2min. Oral dryness: 2 g/2min.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Oral Dryness Status at 3-month after intervention
Oral Dryness Status
The oral dryness status of saliva flow rate was recorded using the saxon test(Chew gauze sponge for 2 mins), as follows: Normal: 2.75 g/2min. Oral dryness: 2 g/2min.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Oral Dryness Status at 6-month after intervention
Lip-Tongue Motor Function
The lip-tongue motor function status of count-by-time was recorded using the Oral diadochokinesis rate (lip-tongue function (Pa/ Ta /Ka) in syllables or times per 15 seconds), as follows: Pa:times/ per 15 seconds Ta:times /per 15 seconds Ka:times /per 15 seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline lip-tongue motor function Status at 1-month after intervention
Lip-Tongue Motor Function
The lip-tongue motor function status of count-by-time was recorded using the Oral diadochokinesis rate (lip-tongue function (Pa/ Ta /Ka) in syllables or times per 15 seconds), as follows: Pa:times/ per 15 seconds Ta:times /per 15 seconds Ka:times /per 15 seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline lip-tongue motor function Status at 3-month after intervention
Lip-Tongue Motor Function
The lip-tongue motor function status of count-by-time was recorded using the Oral diadochokinesis rate (lip-tongue function (Pa/ Ta /Ka) in syllables or times per 15 seconds), as follows: Pa:times/ per 15 seconds Ta:times /per 15 seconds Ka:times /per 15 seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline lip-tongue motor function Status at 6-month after intervention
Maximum tongue pressure (MTP)
The tongue pressure of 3 times pressure average was recorded using the Maximum tongue pressure test, as follows: 1. First times / Maximum Kpa value. 2. Second times / Maximum Kpa value. 3. Third times / Maximum Kpa value. Average of maximum tongue pressure in 3 times.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 1-month after intervention
Maximum tongue pressure (MTP)
The tongue pressure of 3 times pressure average was recorded using the Maximum tongue pressure test, as follows: 1. First times / Maximum Kpa value. 2. Second times / Maximum Kpa value. 3. Third times / Maximum Kpa value. Average of maximum tongue pressure in 3 times.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 2-month after intervention
Maximum tongue pressure (MTP)
The tongue pressure of 3 times pressure average was recorded using the Maximum tongue pressure test, as follows: 1. First times / Maximum Kpa value. 2. Second times / Maximum Kpa value. 3. Third times / Maximum Kpa value. Average of maximum tongue pressure in 3 times.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 3-month after intervention
Masticatory Function
The mixing ability was assessed using color-changeable chewing gum (Masticatory Performance Evaluating Gum XYLITOL, Lotte, Tokyo, Japan) , as follows: To chew as usual on the gum 120 seconds. The chewing rhythm was kept constant at once per second.color scale consisting of five intermediate colors . 1. light green: very poor chewing ability. 2. light yellow: poor chewing ability. 3. light pink: no good chewing ability. 4. pink: good chewing ability. 5. red: very good chewing ability.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 1-month after intervention status at 3-month after intervention
Masticatory Function
The mixing ability was assessed using color-changeable chewing gum (Masticatory Performance Evaluating Gum XYLITOL, Lotte, Tokyo, Japan) , as follows: To chew as usual on the gum 120 seconds. The chewing rhythm was kept constant at once per second.color scale consisting of five intermediate colors . 1. light green: very poor chewing ability. 2. light yellow: poor chewing ability. 3. light pink: no good chewing ability. 4. pink: good chewing ability. 5. red: very good chewing ability.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 3-month after intervention status at 3-month after intervention
Masticatory Function
The mixing ability was assessed using color-changeable chewing gum (Masticatory Performance Evaluating Gum XYLITOL, Lotte, Tokyo, Japan) , as follows: To chew as usual on the gum 120 seconds. The chewing rhythm was kept constant at once per second.color scale consisting of five intermediate colors . 1. light green: very poor chewing ability. 2. light yellow: poor chewing ability. 3. light pink: no good chewing ability. 4. pink: good chewing ability. 5. red: very good chewing ability.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 6-month after intervention status at 3-month after intervention
Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST)
The swallowing function states of times complete swallowing within 30 seconds was recorded using the Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST), as follows: participation was asked to swallow saliva as many times as possible for 30 s, while deglutition is counted through palpation of the larynx.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 1-month after intervention
Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST)
The swallowing function states of times complete swallowing within 30 seconds was recorded using the Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST), as follows: participation was asked to swallow saliva as many times as possible for 30 s, while deglutition is counted through palpation of the larynx.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 3-month after intervention
Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST)
The swallowing function states of times complete swallowing within 30 seconds was recorded using the Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST), as follows: participation was asked to swallow saliva as many times as possible for 30 s, while deglutition is counted through palpation of the larynx.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 6-month after intervention
GOHAI-T(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index-Taiwan)
The GOHAI-T of 12 questions was assessment using self-assessment oral health questionnaire. Have participants been totally unable to function" The scores ranged from one ("never") to five ("always"), with the total possible score ranging from 12 to 60.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 1 month after intervention
GOHAI-T(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index-Taiwan)
The GOHAI-Scale of 12 questions was assessment using self-assessment oral health questionnaire. Have participants been totally unable to function" The scores ranged from one ("never") to five ("always"), with the total possible score ranging from 12 to 60.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 3 month after intervention
GOHAI-T(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index-Taiwan)
The GOHAI-Scale of 12 questions was assessment using self-assessment oral health questionnaire. Have participants been totally unable to function" The scores ranged from one ("never") to five ("always"), with the total possible score ranging from 12 to 60.
Time frame: Change from Baseline at 6 month after intervention
Plan to share: Yes
Supporting information: Study protocol
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Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital