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RecruitingNCT05937594Updated Feb 10, 2026

MicroRNA Biomarkers for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

An observational study in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, sponsored by Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 1 Day to 5 Days. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-10.

Sponsored by Milton S. Hershey Medical Center · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
50
Ages
1 Day to 5 Days
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) experience prolonged hospital stays and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, in-part because of the lack of accurate, individualized, biologic assessments available to manage this increasingly common medical condition. The proposed study will define the molecular mechanisms that regulate the response to opioid withdrawal in the developing brain by focusing on three candidate microRNAs (let-7a, miR-146a, miR-192) that have been shown to respond to opioid exposure in animal models and adults, and are impacted in both my preliminary study of infants with NAS, and my human neural progenitor cell (NPC) design of opioid withdrawal. By determining the mechanism through which microRNAs impact NPC differentiation in opioid withdrawal, and determining whether exosomal salivary microRNA levels predict treatment dose and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with NAS, this study will enhance our knowledge of NAS-related biology and identify potential biomarkers that could improve medical care for this important medical condition.

02

Conditions studied

  • Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Keywords

  • microRNA
  • saliva
  • neurodevelopmental
  • exosomes
  • infant
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
1 Day to 5 Days
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Infants enrolled into the study were exposed to opiates in-utero for at least one month of gestation. All infants enrolled meet the eligibility criteria listed above.

Inclusion criteria

  • Newborns ≥35weeks gestation with chronic in-utero opioid exposure (>1month of gestation exposure). Maternal exposure will be determined by evaluating the medical records for maternal medication use, maternal urine toxicology and neonatal meconium toxicology results per standard clinical care
  • Neonates born at Penn State Hershey Medical Center or transferred at \<48 hours after birth
  • Mothers with chronic in-utero opioid use during pregnancy ( ≥1month of gestation)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • \<35 week gestation
  • Infant required mechanical ventilation or non-invasive mechanical support
  • Infant exposure to magnesium sulfate
  • Opioid-exposed neonates who are actively receiving dextrose infusion for persistent neonatal hypoglycemia at the time of enrollment (\<48hours after birth).
  • Infant with major congenital anomalies
  • Parent or guardian unable to provide consent
  • Mothers and neonates without history of opioid exposure/dependence
04

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
50 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Infants exposed to in utero opiates

    Infants that meet IRB-approved inclusion/exclusion criteria.

    Genetic: Buccal swab saliva for further genetic testing

Interventions

  • GeneticBuccal swab saliva for further genetic testing

    Genetic testing. Whole saliva RNA will be isolated for downstream microRNA quantification.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Neurodevelopmental outcome scores

    Measured by Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, score scale 0-60

    Time frame: 6 months of age

  2. Maximum concentration of morphine required for withdrawal symptom control

    Measured in mg/kg/ml

    Time frame: Measured during the course of hospital stay

  3. Salivary microRNA level let-7a

    Relative fluorescence (Cq) measured by qPCR using established housekeeping gene

    Time frame: Buccal swab collected within 96 hrs of life and at discharge

  4. Salivary level of microRNA-146a

    Relative fluorescence (Cq) measured by qPCR using established housekeeping gene

    Time frame: Buccal swab collected within 96 hrs of life and at discharge

  5. Salivary level of microRNA-192

    Relative fluorescence (Cq) measured by qPCR using established housekeeping gene

    Time frame: Buccal swab collected within 96 hrs of life and at discharge

  6. Salivary level of microRNA-149-3p

    Relative fluorescence (Cq) measured by qPCR using established housekeeping gene

    Time frame: Buccal swab collected within 96 hrs of life and at discharge

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
    Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05937594
Lead sponsor
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Collaborators
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Responsible party
Steven Hicks (Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Penn State University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 10, 2023
Start date
Jan 15, 2020
Primary completion
Dec 10, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Apr 10, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Feb 10, 2026

Study contacts

Rhea E Sullivan, B.S.
Contact
rsullivan2@pennstatehealth.psu.edu
717-531-0003 ext. 321585
Steven D. Hicks, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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