ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT05903846Updated Feb 10, 2026

The Effect of Oketani Massage on Breastfeeding Success and Breast Engorgement in Mothers Delivering by Cesarean Section

An interventional study of Oketani massage in Breastfeeding and Engorgement of Breast Associated With Childbirth, Postpartum, sponsored by Agri Ibrahim Cecen University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-10.

Sponsored by Agri Ibrahim Cecen University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 7 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Nov 2022, registered Jun 2023).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
116
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 274 studies in Breast Feeding with a site in Turkey — 68 open to participants now, 77 under way, none of them phase 3. Breast Feeding · Turkey.

Enrollment
49th of 252
116 · median 80
Started
2022
with 35 others
No phase
251 of 274
65 open now
Registered
83rd of 274
by date

Among the 274 studies in Breast Feeding with a site in Turkey, this one is the 49th largest by enrollment of the 252 interventional ones, is one of 36 that started in 2022, is one of 251 with no phase, and was the 83rd registered.

By phase

274 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study251 · 65 open
Observational22 · 3 open
Phase 41 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 2011; this study’s year is marked. 36 started in 2022.

What they test

Size and results

Median enrollment 80 across the 252 interventional studies, 163 across the 22 observational. Of the 178 that completed or were terminated, 0 (0%) have results posted.

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02

Study summary

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of octani massage on breastfeeding success and breast engorgement in mothers who gave birth by cesarean section. The research was carried out in the gynecology service of Ağrı Training and Research Hospital between November 2022 and April 2023. The universe of the study consisted of mothers who were hospitalized in the gynecology service of Ağrı Training and Research Hospital between November 2022 and April 2023 and gave birth by cesarean section. The Open Epi calculation tool was used to determine the sample of the study. The sample calculation was made on the average score differences in the Open Epi info program. Accordingly, it was planned to include 106 mothers, 53 of whom were in the control group and 53 in the massage group. Considering the sample loss to be experienced during data collection, a total of 116 mothers, 58 in the control group and 58 in the massage group, were included in the study. Randomization of the groups participating in the study was made as simple randomization using the www.random.org site. Introductory Characteristics Questionnaire, oketany massage follow-up form, breast engorgement assessment scale and LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic measurement tool were used to collect the research data.

Read the detailed description

The research was carried out in two groups, namely the octopus massage group and the control group.

Oketani Massage Group: According to the Ministry of Health, the follow-up period for mothers after cesarean section in Turkey is 48 hours. After the mothers in the massage group were taken to the service, oketani massage was applied three times a day for an average of 15-20 minutes, starting before breastfeeding. Massage was applied to the Oketani massage group by a midwife working in the clinic. Before the mothers were discharged, the breast engorgement and breastfeeding status of the mothers were evaluated using the breast fullness assessment scale and the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale. Control Group: No intervention was made in the control group and routine follow-up of mothers and babies will be performed after cesarean section. No intervention was made regarding the breastfeeding process of the mothers, other than the breastfeeding counseling given by the breastfeeding consultant according to the hospital protocol. Before the mothers were discharged, the breast engorgement a and breastfeeding status of the mothers were evaluated using the breast fullness assessment scale and the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale.

03

Conditions studied

  • Breastfeeding
  • Engorgement of Breast Associated With Childbirth, Postpartum

Keywords

  • breastfeeding
  • Engorgement
  • Oketani massage
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Delivery by cesarean section
  • Single and live birth,
  • 38-40 Giving birth between weeks
  • Not having a mental or physical disability that prevents breastfeeding,
  • The baby does not need neonatal intensive care
  • The baby does not have a condition that prevents breastfeeding
  • Sharing the same room with the baby
  • Agreeing to participate in the research

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria from the study:

  • Refusal to participate in the study
  • Giving birth normally
  • Giving birth prematurely
  • Having a mental and physical disability that prevents breastfeeding
  • Being 18 years of age or younger
  • Transferring the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit
  • Having a condition that prevents breastfeeding
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
116 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Oketani massage group

    According to the Ministry of Health, the follow-up period for mothers after cesarean section in Turkey is 48 hours. After the mothers in the massage group were taken to the service, oketani massage was applied three times a day for an average of 15-20 minutes, starting before breastfeeding. Massage was applied to the Oketani massage group by a midwife working in the clinic. Before the mothers were discharged, the breast fullness and breastfeeding status of the mothers were evaluated using the breast engorgement assessment scale and the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale.

    Other: Oketani massage

  • No intervention
    Control group

    No intervention was made in the control group and routine follow-up of mothers and babies will be performed after cesarean section. No intervention was made regarding the breastfeeding process of the mothers, other than the breastfeeding counseling given by the breastfeeding consultant according to the hospital protocol. Before the mothers were discharged, the breast fullness and breastfeeding status of the mothers were evaluated using the breast fengorgement assessment scale and the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale.

Interventions

  • OtherOketani massage

    The part between the breast and the base of the lower pectoral muscle is called the "oketani". It is a manual massage technique developed to encourage breastfeeding in breastfeeding problems such as insufficient milk production and mastitis. It is a massage that stimulates the breast, relaxes it and is painless.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Breast engorgement assessment scale

    The scale is scored from 1 to 6. On the scale, "1" is evaluated as no soft change, while "6" is expressed as very hard and very sensitive. If the score from the scale is higher than 4, it means that there is breast fullness.

    Time frame: postpartum 48 hours from birth

  2. LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic scale

    by observing breastfeeding; It is an assessment tool that is quick and easy to apply, created to detect problems that may occur during breastfeeding. Scoring is done between 0-2 and the maximum score that can be obtained is 10. In the non-breakpoint measurement tool, a high score indicates successful breastfeeding.

    Time frame: postpartum 48 hours from birth

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
    Ağrı, Turkey (Türkiye)
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Nov 2022 to primary completion in Feb 2023, 3 months.

Of 502 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Breast Feeding, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 23. This study's 3 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 510 studies reached it within 12 months; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 23.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 2, 2023
First posted
Jun 15, 2023
StartActual
Nov 1, 2022
Primary completionActual
Feb 1, 2023
CompletionActual
Apr 1, 2023
Last update
Feb 10, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 10, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05903846
Lead sponsor
Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
Responsible party
Emine Serap ÇAĞAN (assistant professor, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 15, 2023
Start date
Nov 1, 2022
Primary completion
Feb 1, 2023
Completion
Apr 1, 2023
Last update
Feb 10, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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