An interventional study of Hypno-breastfeeding and Oxytocin Massage in Breastfeeding, Bonding and Uterine Involution, sponsored by Sümeyye ALTIPARMAK. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-06.
Sponsored by Sümeyye ALTIPARMAK · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
This study examined whether hypno-breastfeeding and oxytocin massage could improve breastfeeding motivation, mothers' perceptions of their milk supply, mother-to-infant bonding, and uterine recovery after childbirth in first-time mothers.
The study included 270 women at a public hospital in eastern Türkiye between September 2020 and March 2021. Participants were divided into three groups of 90 women each.
Women in the hypno-breastfeeding group received guidance on relaxation, positive affirmations, imagination, and visualization during late pregnancy and after childbirth. Women in the oxytocin massage group received two back massage sessions after childbirth. Women in the control group received routine care without either of these additional interventions.
On the first day after childbirth, the researchers assessed breastfeeding motivation, perceived milk supply, mother-to-infant bonding, and uterine recovery to compare the three groups.
This study was conducted using a three-arm experimental design with a post-test control group at a public hospital in eastern Türkiye between September 2020 and March 2021. Data were collected by the researcher through face-to-face interviews with pregnant women attending the non-stress test (NST) unit and postpartum women admitted to the puerperal ward.
The study included 270 primiparous women, with 90 participants in each of three groups: hypno-breastfeeding, oxytocin massage, and routine care.
Pregnant women were recruited into the hypno-breastfeeding group according to their order of arrival at the NST unit. Postpartum women were assigned to the oxytocin massage or control group using a computer-based randomization procedure. A total of 180 numbered positions were generated for these two groups, with 90 women allocated to each group. Participants in the oxytocin massage and control groups were recruited from separate rooms to reduce the risk of infection.
The hypno-breastfeeding intervention began at 37-38 weeks of gestation and was repeated at 39-40 weeks. Participants received education and guidance on positive affirmations, relaxation, imagination, and visualization techniques, supported by educational materials, home exercises, telephone calls, and text messages. Two additional hypno-breastfeeding sessions were provided on the first postpartum day, before the first breastfeeding session and between 16 and 20 hours after childbirth.
Participants in the oxytocin massage group received two massage sessions on the first postpartum day, before the first breastfeeding session and between 16 and 20 hours after childbirth. The massage was performed in a quiet and private environment, focusing on the back and spinal region around the fifth and sixth ribs.
Participants in the control group received routine postpartum care without the study-specific hypno-breastfeeding or oxytocin massage interventions.
Outcome assessments were performed on the first postpartum day before hospital discharge. Breastfeeding motivation, perceived milk supply, and mother-to-infant bonding were evaluated using standardized questionnaires. Uterine recovery was assessed by measuring the distance between the uterine fundus and the symphysis pubis with a measuring tape after bladder emptying.
1,081 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Feeding; 217 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 270 is above the median of 100 across 844 interventional studies indexed under Breast Feeding.
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Study Inclusion Criteria:
For pregnants;
Participants received hypno-breastfeeding education and practice sessions during late pregnancy and on the first postpartum day. The intervention included relaxation, positive affirmations, imagination, and visualization techniques.
Behavioral: Hypno-breastfeeding
Participants received two oxytocin massage sessions on the first postpartum day, before the first breastfeeding session and between 16 and 20 hours after childbirth.
Other: Oxytocin Massage
The hypno-breastfeeding intervention was initiated at 37-38 weeks of gestation and repeated at 39-40 weeks during visits to the non-stress test (NST) unit. Participants received education and guidance on relaxation, positive affirmations, imagination, and visualization techniques to support breastfeeding. Educational brochures and home exercises were provided, and participants were supported through telephone calls and text messages. On the first postpartum day, two additional hypno-breastfeeding sessions were conducted: one before the first breastfeeding session and another between 16 and 20 hours after childbirth.
Participants received two oxytocin massage sessions on the first postpartum day. The first session was administered before the first breastfeeding session, and the second session was conducted between 16 and 20 hours after childbirth. The massage was performed in a quiet and private environment. Participants were seated in a forward-leaning position with their head resting on their arms or a table. Massage was applied to the back along the spinal region, particularly around the level of the fifth and sixth ribs, to support breastfeeding and postpartum recovery.
Breastfeeding Motivation Assessed Using the Primiparous Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (PBMS)
Breastfeeding motivation was assessed using the Primiparous Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (PBMS). Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Subscale scores are calculated and interpreted separately, with higher scores indicating higher levels of the corresponding breastfeeding motivation dimension. No overall cut-off score is used.
Time frame: Postpartum day 1, before hospital discharge.
Perceived Milk Supply Adequacy Assessed Using the Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply Questionnaire (PIMSQ)
Perceived milk supply adequacy was evaluated using the Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply Questionnaire (PIMSQ). Total scores range from 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating greater perceived milk supply adequacy and lower perceived insufficient milk supply.
Time frame: Postpartum day 1, before hospital discharge.
Mother-to-Infant Bonding Assessed Using the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS)
Mother-to-infant bonding was assessed using the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater difficulties in mother-to-infant bonding.
Time frame: Postpartum day 1, before hospital discharge.
Postpartum Uterine Fundal Height Measured Using the Uterine Involution Assessment Form (UIAF)
Postpartum uterine involution was assessed using a researcher-developed Uterine Involution Assessment Form (UIAF). After the participant emptied her bladder, the distance between the uterine fundus and the symphysis pubis was measured in centimeters using a measuring tape. The same measuring tape was used for all assessments. The recorded measurement represented uterine fundal height on the first postpartum day.
Time frame: Postpartum day 1, before hospital discharge.
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared with other researchers due to participant confidentiality and privacy considerations. The study data will be retained and managed in accordance with the approved research protocol and applicable ethical requirements.
Ran from Sep 2020 to primary completion in Mar 2021, 6 months.
Of 502 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Breast Feeding, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 23. This study's 6 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 510 studies reached it within 12 months; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 23.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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