ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT05656469PSY-PGxUpdated Jun 2, 2026

Clinical Study Evaluating Pharmacogenomics-informed Pharmacotherapy Versus Dosing as Usual in Psychiatric Disorders

An interventional study of Personalised medication advice based on pharmacogenetic testing in Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders and Psychotic Disorders, sponsored by Parnassia Groep. Recruiting at 9 sites in 7 countries. Open to participants aged 16 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-02.

Sponsored by Parnassia Groep · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Feb 2023; still recruiting 3 years 8 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
2,500
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
16 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

A 24-week, patient- and rater-blinded, two-arm, parallel-group controlled, and multi-centre randomized clinical trial (RCT) to establish the benefits of pharmacogenetics-informed pharmacotherapy versus dosing as usual (DAU) in psychiatric patients suffering from mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders.

Read the detailed description

Effective pharmacotherapeutic treatments for mental disorders are available, but their effectiveness is limited by low compliance due to frequent side effects. This is partly due to patient heterogeneity in the genes encoding for drug-metabolising enzymes. Pharmacogenetic testing allows the assessment of person-specific genetic factors that are thought to predict clinical response and side effects. Recent studies have suggested that genotyping genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes may improve treatment efficacy and tolerability, potentially benefitting millions of patients.

PSY-PGx is the first initiative to propose a large-scale non-industry sponsored clinical study that aims to demonstrate the clinical benefits and potential of the implementation of pharmacogenetics for psychiatric patients in existing medical settings.

This is an international 24-week, patient- and rater-blinded, two-arm, parallel-group controlled, and multi-centre randomized clinical trial (RCT) to establish the benefits of pharmacogenetics-informed pharmacotherapy versus dosing as usual (DAU) in psychiatric patients suffering from mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorders.

02

Conditions studied

  • Mood Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Psychotic Disorders

Keywords

  • Pharmacogenetics
03

In context

Mood Disorders

561 studies on the registry are indexed under Mood Disorders; 105 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 2,500 is above the median of 80 across 419 interventional studies indexed under Mood Disorders.

Browse Mood Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

Parnassia Groep is the lead sponsor of 5 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
16 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Suffer from a depressive episode (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (currently depressive episode)) (as assessed by the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) in agreement with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( criteria) of at least moderate severity (assessed using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale (SIGH-D) with a score of 14 or higher) and/or suffer from an anxiety disorder (panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder) (as assessed by the M.I.N.I. in agreement with DSM-5 criteria) of at least moderate severity (assessed using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (SIGH- A) with a score of 18 or higher) and/or suffer from a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder) (as assessed by the M.I.N.I. in agreement with DSM-5 criteria) of at least moderate severity (assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) with a score of 75 or higher).
  2. Have had an inadequate response to at least 1 psychotropic treatment during their life-time. Inadequate response is defined as insufficient efficacy of a psychotropic treatment when dosed high enough and maintained long enough, or discontinuation of a psychotropic treatment due to AEs or intolerability.
  3. Are about to switch (or have switched within the last 2 weeks prior to first contact with an investigator) to sertraline or escitalopram (for patients with mood or anxiety disorders), or to aripiprazole or risperidone (for patients with psychotic disorders) due to an inadequate response to or intolerance of the current/ previous medication.
  4. Currently receiving inpatient or outpatient psychiatric treatment.
  5. Be able to understand the requirements of the study and provide written to participate in this study; a signed and dated informed consent form (ICF) will be obtained from each patient before participation in the study.
  6. To give written consent to the use and disclosure of clinical data from their medical records for the purpose of this study.
  7. Age between ≥16 and \<70 years.
  8. Ownership of a mobile phone (Android or iOS operation system) for passive monitoring.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients with a history of prior pharmacogenomic testing
  2. Patients with no prior use of psychotropic medication (medication-naïve patients)
  3. Severe somatic comorbidities as reported in the subject's medical history or based on clinical chemistry/electrocardiography () results up to six months ago. If any of these comorbidities is detected on the basis of physical examination and/or clinical chemistry and/or ECG at the screening visit, participation is not possible.

    • Liver disease defined as follows: Alanine-Aminotransferase (ALAT) >70u/L
    • Renal disease: Estimated (eGFR) \< 60ml/min/1.73m2
    • Diabetes: Blood glucose > 11.1 mmol/L or twice a fasting glucose > 7.0 mmol/L
    • Cardiac disease: prolonged -interval.
  4. Alcohol and/or substance abuse and/or dependence (except nicotine)
  5. Polypharmacy defined as the routine use of five or more medications including over- the-counter, prescription and/or traditional and complementary medicines used by a patient (WHO 2019).
  6. Inability to use the mobile phone application
  7. Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

DSM diagnostic criteria

The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

ECG (electrocardiogram)

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity, taken with stickers on the chest, arms and legs. It takes a few minutes and does not hurt.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

QT and QTc

On an ECG, the QT interval is the time the heart’s lower chambers take to activate electrically and recover in each beat. QTc is that time adjusted for heart rate (QTcF by Fridericia’s formula, QTcB by Bazett’s). Some medicines lengthen it, and a long QTc can raise the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm.

The study may name a correction formula and a limit in milliseconds, often around 450–480.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
2,500 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    PSY-PGx Group

    This is the intervention group. All patients will be treated according to a personalised medication recommendation based on the results of pharmacogenetic testing, following the prespecified dosing guideline. Prescribing physicians will prescribe one of the predefined drugs and will be unblinded for genotype and the resulting metabolisation phenotype.

    Other: Personalised medication advice based on pharmacogenetic testing

  • No intervention
    Dosing as usual (DAU) group

    This is the control group. In this group, prescribing physicians will also prescribe one of the predefined drugs, but will remain blinded to their patients' genotype and resulting metabolism phenotype for the duration of their participation in the study. After the study, patients in the control group will also be given their pharmacogenetic profile, which will make it possible to personalise their medication if necessary.

Interventions

  • OtherPersonalised medication advice based on pharmacogenetic testing

    Pharmacogenetic genotyping provides personalised medication advice on dosage and choice of currently available and legally approved medication based on the patient's pharmacogenetic profile

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Patient recovery, as assessed using the Patient Recovery Assessment scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS).

    A standardised self-report tool that measures mental health recovery as defined by the client. Repeated use of the instrument makes it possible to detect change over time. Score range 38-152. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Response Mood Disorder, defined as a 50% point reduction in the following scale:

    Structured interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale (SIGH-D) for depressive disorder. Score range 0-52. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  2. Response Anxiety Disorder, defined as a 50% point reduction in the following scale:

    Structured interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (SIGH-A) for anxiety disorder. Score range 0-56. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  3. Response Psychotic Disorder, defined as a 50% point reduction in the following scale:

    Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for psychotic disorder. Score range 30-210. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  4. Symptomatic Remission Mood Disorder, defined as:

    SIGH-D score of 7 or less. Score range 0-52. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  5. Symptomatic Remission Anxiety Disorder, defined as:

    SIGH-A score of 7 or less. Score range 0-56. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  6. Symptomatic Remission Psychotic Disorder, defined as:

    PANSS score of 57 or less. Score range 30-210. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  7. Burden of side effects, as measured by:

    Frequency, Intensity and Burden of side effects ratings (FIBSER). Score range 0-18. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  8. Side effects, as measured by:

    Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelse - Side Effects Rating Scale (UKU-SERS). Score range 0-135. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  9. General wellbeing, as measured by:

    The 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L). Score range 5-25. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-score 0-100. A higher score means a better outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  10. Psychosocial functioning, as measured by:

    Functioning Assessment short test (FAST). Score range 0-72. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

Other outcomes

  1. Passive behavioral monitoring using the BeHAPP mobile application.

    The BEHAPP mobile application will be used to collect passive, social behavioural data as additional outcome measure that has been shown to be of value in predicting relapse/recurrence. Once the application is installed and initialised, it passively collects (meta)data on phone call activity, Bluetooth devices and WiFi access points in the participant's immediate environment, location updates and mobile application usage.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

07

Study locations

8 of 9 sites recruiting
  • SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences
    Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
    Not yet recruiting
    • Thomas Schulze, Prof. Dr. · Contact
    • Thomas Schulze, Prof. Dr. · Principal investigator
  • University Hospital Bonn, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
    Bonn, Germany
    Recruiting
    • Sarah Maywald, MD · Contact
    • Alexandra Philipsen, Prof. Dr. · Principal investigator
  • Ludwig-Maximilian University, University Hospital, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG)
    München, Germany
    Recruiting
    • Urs Heilbronner, PhD · Contact
    • Urs Heilbronner, Dr. · Principal investigator
  • Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry
    Amsterdam, Netherlands
    Recruiting
  • Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology
    Maastricht, Netherlands
    Recruiting
    • Therese van Amelsvoort, Prof. Dr. · Contact
    • Therese van Amelsvoort, Prof. Dr. · Principal investigator
  • Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
    Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    Recruiting
    • Ramona Moldovan, Prof. · Contact
    • Ramona Moldovan, Prof. · Principal investigator
  • University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy
    Belgrade, Serbia
    Recruiting
    • Marin Jukic, Dr. · Contact
    • Marin Jukic, Dr. · Principal investigator
  • Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic
    Barcelona, Spain
    Recruiting
    • Natalia Elena Fares, PhD · Contact
    • Eduard Vieta, Prof. Dr. · Principal investigator
  • King's College, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience
    London, United Kingdom
    Recruiting
    • Allan Young, Prof. Dr. · Contact
    • Allan Young, Prof. Dr. · Principal investigator
08

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 2, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05656469
Lead sponsor
Parnassia Groep
Collaborators
Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, University of Belgrade, University of Bonn, Babes-Bolyai University, State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich, King's College London, University of Barcelona, Maastricht University Medical Center
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 19, 2022
Start date
Feb 23, 2023
Primary completion
Sep 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 2, 2026

Study contacts

Roos van Westrhenen, Professor (MD&PhD)
Contact
r.vanwestrhenen@psyq.nl
+31 883583398
Margriet Boerman, Contact person
Contact
farmacogenetica@parnassiagroep.nl
31657940368
Roos van Westrhenen, Professor (PhD&MD)
principal investigator · Parnassia Psychiatric Institute (Amsterdam, Parnassia Groep)
Allan Young, Professor (MD&PhD)
study chair · King's College London UK
Mario Juruena, Professor (MD&PhD)
study chair · KIng's College London UK

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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