An interventional study of Nurse-practitioner led intervention in Breast Cancer, PreDiabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, sponsored by Weill Medical College of Cornell University. Completed at 3 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-08.
Sponsored by Weill Medical College of Cornell University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Health services research
The goal of this study is to find a new way to make diabetes care better for patients with breast cancer and diabetes who are currently receiving cancer treatment. We will have two groups, the researchers will decide who is in which group. One group will be working with a nurse who is trained in diabetes care while the other does not. This will allow the investigators to see if having a trained nurse as part of the care team can help improve the care the patients receive.
The present study aims to develop a stakeholder-engaged nurse practitioner (NP)-led intervention to improve diabetes care for patients with breast cancer and diabetes who are undergoing cancer treatment.
This is a pilot feasibility study, in which we will use a quasi-experimental pre-post design with non-randomized intervention and control groups. In this feasibility study, the investigators will first enroll 38 eligible patients for the control group and collect effectiveness measures at baseline and follow-up (end of chemotherapy or other cancer treatment, \~12 weeks). Through chart review, the investigators will document cancer treatment regimen completion at follow-up. The investigators will then enroll 38 patients for the intervention group, collecting the effectiveness and implementation outcomes at the end of their treatment (\~12 weeks).
The main hypothesis that will be tested in this pilot study is that a nurse practitioner embedded in the oncology team who is trained in diabetes management may successfully manage diabetes during active cancer care for patients undergoing cancer treatment.
12,544 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Neoplasms; 2,892 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 74 is close to the median of 72 across 9,303 interventional studies indexed under Breast Neoplasms.
Browse Breast Neoplasms studies →Weill Medical College of Cornell University is the lead sponsor of 867 studies on the registry; 160 are open to participants now.
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Plan to receive neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation at Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM)
Exclusion Criteria:
A nurse practitioner (NP) who is trained in diabetes on the oncology team will help manage diabetes for breast cancer patients undergoing cancer treatments
Behavioral: Nurse-practitioner led intervention
Patient will not have access to the nurse practitioner led intervention.
* Face-to-face or virtual consultation with NP during chemotherapy infusion with individualized recommendations/medications AND patient education through the Patient Activated Learning System (PALS). * Weekly follow-ups from NP via phone, Zoom, or in-person (patient directed) for 12 weeks/course of chemotherapy.
Recruitment Success Ratio
Number of participants recruited divided by the number of participants approached
Time frame: 2 years
Intervention Completion Ratio
(Intervention only) Number of participants who completed the intervention divided by the number of participants who were enrolled.
Time frame: 2 years
Data Collection Success Ratio
Number of participants who completed both surveys divided by the number of participants who were enrolled.
Time frame: 2 years
Patient Questionnaire: Self-report of Intervention Feasibility
Questionnaire: Feasibility of Intervention Measure (4 items) Response Scale: For each item, respondents can choose a value from 1-5. Scales can be created for the measure by averaging responses for all 4 items for the overall score. The average score range is from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating that the intervention is very feasible, and lower scores (below 3) indicating the intervention is not feasible.
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention at the week ~12 follow-up
Patient Questionnaire: Self-report of Intervention Acceptability
Questionnaire: Acceptability of Intervention Measure (4 items) Response Scale: For each item, respondents can choose a value from 1-5. Scales can be created for the measure by averaging responses for all 4 items for the overall score. The average score range is from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating more favorable attitudes toward the intervention and lower scores (below 3) indicating less favorable attitudes.
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention at the week 12 follow-up
Patient Questionnaire: Self-report of Intervention Appropriateness
Questionnaire: Intervention Appropriateness Measure (4 items) Response Scale: For each item, respondents can choose a value from 1-5. Scales can be created for the measure by averaging responses for all 4 items for the overall score. The average score range is from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating the intervention suits their needs well and lower scores (below 3) indicating the intervention does not fit their needs well.
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention at the week 12 follow-up
Ratio of Patients Who Had a Summary Document Created for Them at the End of the Intervention
Number of patients who had a summary document created for them compared to the number of patients who complete the follow-up visit.
Time frame: 2 years
Mean Number of In-person, Virtual or Phone Contacts With the NP Per Participant.
This will assess the degree to which the intervention was implemented over the course of the study
Time frame: 2 years
Change in Patient Self-report Responses of Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire
Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (8 items) DTSQ, score 0-36; higher scores reflecting higher satisfaction
Time frame: From baseline to week 12 follow-up visit
Severity of Patient Self-report Responses of Neuropathy as Measured By the PRO-CTCAE Survey at Follow-up
PRO-CTCAE: Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Neuropathy - PRO-CTCAE (2 items) 0-8 with higher scores representing worse neuropathy
Time frame: At week 12 follow-up visit
Change in Patient Self-report Responses of Diabetes Distress Scale Questionnaire
Diabetes Distress Scale (17 items) A score of "1" indicates a particular item is not a problem or bother for the patient, whereas "6" represents an item is very concerning for the patient. To score, the patient's responses will be summed and then divided by the number of items in that scale. A mean score of 3 or higher (moderate distress) is considered as a level of distress that is above average. (decrease in score means the item is considered less of a problem/bother)
Time frame: From baseline to Week 12 follow-up
Change in Patient Self-report Responses of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Questionnaire
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy -Breast (44-items) measures quality of life for patients with breast cancer. Total scores range from 0-148 with higher scores representing better quality of life.
Time frame: From baseline to Week 12 follow-up
Average Number of Hospitalizations Since Study Enrollment
The average number of hospitalizations since study enrollment
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Average Number of ED Visits Since Study Enrollment
The average number of emergency department (ED) visits since study enrollment
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Average Number of Uncompleted Chemotherapy Sessions
Average number of planned chemo sessions that were not completed by participants
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Proportion of Planned Chemo Session Completed (%)
The proportion of planned chemo session completed during study enrollment, as a percentage
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Chemo Dose Reduction
Whether or not participants had their chemotherapy dose reduced
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Most Recent HbA1c Level
Average last HbA1c level
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Highest Glucose During Treatment
Average highest glucose measure during treatment
Time frame: From baseline to Week ~12 follow-up
Each week, our study team reviewed multi-disciplinary tumor board lists to identify potential participants. Upon identifying these individuals, every Friday morning we sent the list of patients to the breast medical oncology team for review and approval. By the end of the day on Friday, we received an approved list of patients that we could approach for the study. Our team would then either call the patient by phone or approach them at their next medical oncology appointment.
| Milestone | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 36 | 38 |
| Completed | 32 | 32 |
| Not completed | 4 | 6 |
| Withdrew: Screening failure | 0 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 4 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Did not initiate study procedures | 0 | 5 |
Number of participants recruited divided by the number of participants approached
| patient recruited per patient approached | Total Approached Participants |
|---|---|
| Recruitment Success Ratio | 0.54 |
(Intervention only) Number of participants who completed the intervention divided by the number of participants who were enrolled.
| pt. completed per pt. enrolled | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group |
|---|---|
| Intervention Completion Ratio | 0.89 |
Number of participants who completed both surveys divided by the number of participants who were enrolled.
| completed pts per enrolled pt | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Data Collection Success Ratio | 0.89 | 0.84 |
Questionnaire: Feasibility of Intervention Measure (4 items) Response Scale: For each item, respondents can choose a value from 1-5. Scales can be created for the measure by averaging responses for all 4 items for the overall score. The average score range is from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating that the intervention is very feasible, and lower scores (below 3) indicating the intervention is not feasible.
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group |
|---|---|
| This NP-led intervention for co-managing (pre)diabetes and breast cancer seems implementable. | 4.16 ± 0.72 |
| This NP-led intervention for co-managing diabetes/pre-diabetes and breast cancer seems possible. | 4.28 ± 0.73 |
| This NP-led intervention for co-managing diabetes/pre-diabetes and breast cancer seems doable. | 4.16 ± 0.73 |
| This NP-led intervention for co-managing (pre)diabetes and breast cancer seems easy to carry out. | 4.03 ± 0.86 |
Questionnaire: Acceptability of Intervention Measure (4 items) Response Scale: For each item, respondents can choose a value from 1-5. Scales can be created for the measure by averaging responses for all 4 items for the overall score. The average score range is from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating more favorable attitudes toward the intervention and lower scores (below 3) indicating less favorable attitudes.
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group |
|---|---|
| This NP-led intervention to co-manage my diabetes/pre-diabetes and chemotherapy meets my approval. | 4.16 ± 0.69 |
| This NP-led intervention is appealing to me. | 4.09 ± 0.86 |
| I like this NP-led intervention. | 4.10 ± 0.79 |
| I welcome this NP-led intervention to co-manage my diabetes/pre-diabetes and chemotherapy. | 4.19 ± 0.74 |
Questionnaire: Intervention Appropriateness Measure (4 items) Response Scale: For each item, respondents can choose a value from 1-5. Scales can be created for the measure by averaging responses for all 4 items for the overall score. The average score range is from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating the intervention suits their needs well and lower scores (below 3) indicating the intervention does not fit their needs well.
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group |
|---|---|
| This NP-led intervention seems fitting for co-managing my diabetes/pre-diabetes and chemotherapy. | 4.00 ± 0.95 |
| This NP-led intervention seems suitable for co-managing my diabetes/pre-diabetes and chemotherapy. | 4.06 ± 0.95 |
| This NP-led intervention seems applicable for co-managing my diabetes/pre-diabetes and chemotherapy. | 3.97 ± 0.93 |
| This NP-led intervention seems like a good match for co-managing my (pre)diabetes and chemotherapy. | 4.09 ± 0.96 |
Number of patients who had a summary document created for them compared to the number of patients who complete the follow-up visit.
| summary docs to f/u surveys | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group |
|---|---|
| Ratio of Patients Who Had a Summary Document Created for Them at the End of the Intervention | 1.00 |
Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (8 items) DTSQ, score 0-36; higher scores reflecting higher satisfaction
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Score - Baseline | 29.700 ± 6.320 | 31.286 ± 9.369 |
| Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Score - Follow-Up | 33.000 ± 7.204 | 32.250 ± 7.430 |
PRO-CTCAE: Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Neuropathy - PRO-CTCAE (2 items) 0-8 with higher scores representing worse neuropathy
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Severity of Patient Self-report Responses of Neuropathy as Measured By the PRO-CTCAE Survey at Follow-up | 1.562 ± 1.900 | 1.969 ± 2.024 |
Diabetes Distress Scale (17 items) A score of "1" indicates a particular item is not a problem or bother for the patient, whereas "6" represents an item is very concerning for the patient. To score, the patient's responses will be summed and then divided by the number of items in that scale. A mean score of 3 or higher (moderate distress) is considered as a level of distress that is above average. (decrease in score means the item is considered less of a problem/bother)
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Total DDS Score - Baseline | 1.624 ± 0.757 | 1.573 ± 0.721 |
| Total DDS Score - Follow-Up | 1.563 ± 0.789 | 1.549 ± 0.627 |
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy -Breast (44-items) measures quality of life for patients with breast cancer. Total scores range from 0-148 with higher scores representing better quality of life.
| score on a scale | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Fact-B Total Score - Baseline | 101.655 ± 23.116 | 99.755 ± 25.594 |
| Fact-B Total Score - Follow-Up | 98.109 ± 26.960 | 98.393 ± 25.529 |
The average number of hospitalizations since study enrollment
| hospitalizations | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Average Number of Hospitalizations Since Study Enrollment | 0.323 ± 0.653 | 0.125 ± 0.421 |
The average number of emergency department (ED) visits since study enrollment
| ED visits | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Average Number of ED Visits Since Study Enrollment | 0.562 ± 0.759 | 0.344 ± 0.701 |
This will assess the degree to which the intervention was implemented over the course of the study
| contacts per patient | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group |
|---|---|
| Mean Number of In-person, Virtual or Phone Contacts With the NP Per Participant. | 6.38 ± 2.21 |
Average number of planned chemo sessions that were not completed by participants
| Uncompleted Chemo sessions | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Average Number of Uncompleted Chemotherapy Sessions | 0.812 ± 1.693 | 1.969 ± 3.487 |
The proportion of planned chemo session completed during study enrollment, as a percentage
| % of planned chemo sessions completed | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of Planned Chemo Session Completed (%) | 82.895 ± 24.957 | 74.372 ± 27.513 |
Whether or not participants had their chemotherapy dose reduced
| participants | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Yes, did have dose reduced | 6 | 7 |
| No, did not have dose reduced | 26 | 25 |
Average last HbA1c level
| HbA1c | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Most Recent HbA1c Level | 6.727 ± 1.113 | 7.265 ± 2.368 |
Average highest glucose measure during treatment
| mg/dL | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group |
|---|---|---|
| Highest Glucose During Treatment | 207.700 ± 89.161 | 242.897 ± 188.603 |
Collected over from enrollment until end of follow-up, up to 12 weeks. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | 0/36 (0%) | 0/36 (0%) | 0/36 (0%) |
| Non-intervention (Control) Group | 0/33 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) |
Only those who completed the baseline survey were included in the baseline analysis.
| Age, Continuous(Years) | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 65.257 ± 10.322 | 64.424 ± 16.739 | 64.853 ± 13.714 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 34 | 32 | 66 |
| Male | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicity — Non-Hispanic White | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| Race/Ethnicity — Non-Hispanic Black | 17 | 14 | 31 |
| Race/Ethnicity — Non-Hispanic Asian | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| Race/Ethnicity — Hispanic/Latinx | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| Race/Ethnicity — Other/Multiple Races | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Marital Status(Participants) | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Married/Domestic Partnership | 9 | 15 | 24 |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| Single | 10 | 4 | 14 |
| Educational Attainment(Participants) | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| High school degree or less | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| Some college | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| College degree | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| Graduate degree | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| Health Insurance (Private/Public)(Participants) | Nurse-practitioner Led Intervention Group | Non-intervention (Control) Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Private | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| Medicare | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| Medicaid | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| Medicare & Medicaid | 3 | 3 | 6 |
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Weill Medical College of Cornell University