An observational study in Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE), Pulmonary Edema and Lung Diseases, sponsored by Dalarna County Council, Sweden. Recruiting at 1 site in Sweden. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-05.
Sponsored by Dalarna County Council, Sweden · Observational
Acute or chronic cardiac dysfunction could be a contributing factor to swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE). Knowledge on cardiac function in SIPE is limited and recommendations for cardiac evaluation of patients with SIPE are lacking. The present study was designed to assess cardiac function in patients with SIPE and in asymptomatic swimmers.
Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is an unusual condition occuring during swimming in cold open water. SIPE is characterized by acute onset of dyspnea and cough, excessive sputum and occasionally hemoptysis. Reversible myocardial dysfunction has been described in swimmers with SIPE and divers with immersion pulmonary edema (IPE). Cardiac dysfunction has also been discussed as a contributing factor triggering SIPE. However, prevalence, severity and prognosis of myocardial dysfunction in patients with SIPE is unknown. Official recommendations for cardiac evaluation of patients after an acute episode of SIPE is lacking.
This case-control-study intends to assess cardiac function in patients with SIPE and in asymptomatic swimmers. We study a large cohort of approximately 12 000 swimmers during Vansbrosimningen, Sweden's biggest annual open water event, with a yearly incidence of SIPE of about 0,4%. Cardiac function is evaluated after swimming as well as at rest by echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers (Troponin I, NT-pro-BNP).
126 studies on the registry are indexed under Pulmonary Edema; 27 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 120 is close to the median of 120 across 55 observational studies indexed under Pulmonary Edema.
Browse Pulmonary Edema studies →Dalarna County Council, Sweden is the lead sponsor of 28 studies on the registry; 10 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
All adults (age ≥18 years) that participate in a swimming race during Vansbrosimningen open water swimming event.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
for patients:
for controls:
Exclusion criteria:
Adult patients (age ≥18 years) with SIPE-diagnosis during "Vansbrosimningen" and peripheral oxygen saturation ≤95%. SIPE-diagnosis based on pulmonary edema on lung ultrasound.
Diagnostic Test: Echocardiography · Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiogram (ECG) · Diagnostic Test: Cardiac biomarkers
Swimmers completing "Vansbrosimningen" without respiratory symptoms or signs of pulmonary edema on lung ultrasound. Matched to patients with SIPE for age and gender.
Diagnostic Test: Echocardiography · Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiogram (ECG) · Diagnostic Test: Cardiac biomarkers
Echocardiography after swimming (acute) and at rest (baseline)
Electrocardiogram (ECG) after swimming (acute) and at rest (baseline)
high sensitive (hs)-Troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) after swimming (acute) and at rest (baseline)
Acute Echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography with parasternal, apical and subcostal views. Including measurement of ventricular wall size, left ventricular strain, ejection fraction according to the modified Simpson method, diastolic function (using tissue doppler, mitral flow and pulmonary vein flow), right ventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), pressure gradient over the tricuspid valve, assessment of valve dysfunction, size and respiratory variation of the inferior vena cava, assessment of pericardial fluid.
Time frame: within 4 hours after termination of swimming
Acute Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Rytm analysis
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Rytm analysis and frequency (beats per minute)
Time frame: within 4 hours after termination of swimming
Acute Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Heart axis
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Assessment of QRS-axis (degrees)
Time frame: within 4 hours after termination of swimming
Acute Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Amplitudes and intervals
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Duration of PQ-interval (ms), QRS-complex (ms), QT-interval (ms), QRS amplitude (mV)
Time frame: within 4 hours after termination of swimming
Acute Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Signs of myocardial ischemia
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). ST-elevation, ST-depression, T-wave inversion, Q wave.
Time frame: within 4 hours after termination of swimming
Acute cardiac biomarkers - Troponin I
Venous samples. Measurement of hs-Troponin I (ng/L).
Time frame: 4-6 hours after termination of swimming
Acute cardiac biomarkers - NT-pro-BNP
Venous samples. Measurement of NT-pro-BNP (ng/L)
Time frame: 4-6 hours after termination of swimming
Baseline Echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography with parasternal, apical and subcostal views. Examination at rest. Including measurement of ventricular wall size, left ventricular strain, ejection fraction according to the modified Simpson method, diastolic function (using tissue doppler, mitral flow and pulmonary vein flow), right ventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), pressure gradient over the tricuspid valve, assessment of valve dysfunction, size and respiratory variation of the inferior vena cava, assessment of pericardial fluid.
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Rytm analysis
12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG). Examination at rest. Rytm analysis and frequency (beats per minute)
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG)- Heart axis
12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG). Examination at rest. Assessment of QRS-axis (degrees)
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Amplitudes and intervals
12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG). Examination at rest. Duration of PQ-interval (ms), QRS-complex (ms), QT-interval (ms), QRS amplitude (mV)
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Signs of myocardial ischemia
12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG). Examination at rest. ST-elevation, ST-depression, T-wave inversion, Q wave.
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Baseline cardiac biomarkers - Troponin I
Venous samples. Measurement of hs-Troponin I (ng/L). Examination at rest
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Baseline cardiac biomarkers - NT-pro-BNP
Venous samples. Measurement of NT-pro-BNP (ng/L). Examination at rest
Time frame: within 12 months after swimming
Plan to share: No
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Dalarna County Council, Sweden