ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT05358132ARM-EDUpdated Jun 21, 2024

ARM-ED: Advanced Respiratory Monitoring Events in Drug Toxicity

An observational study in Respiratory Insufficiency, Overdose of Opiate and Sedative Overdose, sponsored by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 16 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-06-21.

Sponsored by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
78
Ages
16 Years and older
Sex
All
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Study summary

There is a drug-related death crisis in Scotland. The majority of these deaths have involved the misuse of opiates (e.g. heroin) and benzodiazepines (e.g. valium) which cause an individual to stop breathing. The Advanced Respiratory Monitoring Events in Drug Toxicity (ARM-ED) study is a study investigating whether a wearable sensor can help detect problems with breathing in patients who have had drugs or medications that may cause this effect. The study will span a year and will study two groups of patients - those who attend with actual or expected respiratory depression secondary to acute drug toxicity and individuals who have undergone procedural sedation and analgaesia in the Emergency Department.

Read the detailed description

This study aims to assess if it is feasible to collect respiratory waveform data using an advanced respiratory monitoring device named Pneumowave and whether the device is user friendly in terms of nurse, clinician, and patient.

This is an observational cohort study which utilises passive non-invasive data collection. The device, Pneumowave, will be studied in two distinct groups of patients: those who attend with actual or expected respiratory depression secondary to acute drug toxicity (Group 1) and individuals who have undergone procedural sedation and analgaesia (PSA) in the ED (Group 2). Participants will be studied for the duration of their ED attendance or in the case of PSA for the duration of their sedation and recovery period. They will be followed up via electronic notes 28 days later to identify adverse outcome and to link cases to available toxicology screens performed.

The target number of participants in this study is 100. 50 patients who fit group 1 characteristics and 50 patients who fit group 2 characteristics.

Data from Pneumowave will be analysed in parallel with de-identified clinical and vital sign observational data to inform artificial intelligence driven predictive modelling algorithms.

This study will inform on the utilisation and usability of a wearable device for monitoring an individual's respiratory patterns following the effects of sedative drug use. It will add understanding to potential use of such a device to predict the respiratory compromise in the wearer and alert appropriate stakeholders for timely intervention and ultimately prevention of the wearer's morbidity and mortality.

02

Conditions studied

  • Respiratory Insufficiency
  • Overdose of Opiate
  • Sedative Overdose
  • Sedative Toxicity
03

In context

Respiratory Insufficiency

1,369 studies on the registry are indexed under Respiratory Insufficiency; 264 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 78 is below the median of 100 across 455 observational studies indexed under Respiratory Insufficiency.

Browse Respiratory Insufficiency studies →

Lead sponsor

NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde is the lead sponsor of 220 studies on the registry; 39 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
16 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The target number of participants in this study is 100. 50 patients who fit group 1 characteristics and 50 patients who fit group 2 characteristics. All patients who fit the below criteria will be potential candidates for the study. They study team will confirm their eligibility and then they will be included.

Group 1 - Acute toxicity group screening: any patient presenting to the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (QEUH) ED with overdose of sedating drug.

Group 2 - PSA group screening: and patient undergoing PSA in at QEUH ED

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Group 1 - Acute toxicity group

  • Presentation to ED due to presumed overdose of drug with potential for respiratory depression (intentional, accidental, recreational, therapeutic excess)
  • At least one of GCS \<15 or respiratory depression or risk of deterioration of GCS or respiration.
  • Age >16 years
  • Are willing and able to give or have available next of Kin to provide informed consent on the participant's behalf
  • Able (in the Investigators opinion) and willing to comply with all study requirements

Group 2 - PSA group

  • Patient undergoing procedural sedation and anaesthesia in ED
  • Age >16 years
  • Are willing and able to give informed consent
  • Able (in the Investigators opinion) and willing to comply with all study requirements
  • Can speak and read English

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Group 1 - Acute toxicity group

  • Unable to provide consent and no next of kin to provide consent on participant's behalf
  • Impaired consciousness / respiratory suppression most likely due to cause other than acute drug use
  • Condition primarily related to alcohol use and no evidence of acute drug use
  • Condition due to withdrawal of drugs / alcohol.
  • Treating clinician deems patient inappropriate to be included in study

Group 2 - PSA group

  • Unable to provide consent
  • Treating clinician deems patient inappropriate to be included in study
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
78 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • ARM-ED group 1 - Acute toxicity group

    Patients attending the Emergency Department with acute sedating drug toxicity

    Device: Pneumowave Device placement and data capture

  • ARM-ED group 2 - PSA group

    Patients undergoing procedural sedation and analgaesia in the Emergency Department

    Device: Pneumowave Device placement and data capture

Interventions

  • DevicePneumowave Device placement and data capture

    Participants in the acute toxicity group will be studied for a period of time during their Emergency Department attendance or in the case of PSA for the duration of their sedation and recovery period. Usual care will be provided to the patient with additional period with Pneumowave biosensor placed onto chest and data capture for a period of time whilst patient is in the Emergency Department,

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Length of time device in situ on patient

    Absolute length of time device in situ on patient and as proportion of intended length of time of device data capture.

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. Number of times device removed by patient / other

    Number of times device removed total during each study episode.

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. Proportion of waveform data collected while in situ

    Length in time of waveform data collection as proportion of intended length of time of device data capture.

    Time frame: 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Observation of waveform data from Pneumowave device

    Observation of waveform data from Pneumowave device and compare to: * Normal care vital signs * Continuous monitoring vital signs extracted from patient monitors

    Time frame: Duration of study period, up to 15 months

  2. Compare Pneumowave respiratory wave patterns to clinical events

    Compare Pneumowave respiratory wave patterns to clinical events: * Normal respiratory patterns * Clinical deterioration * Interventions in ED

    Time frame: Duration of study period, up to 15 months

  3. Compare respiratory waveform patterns and motion artefact data

    Compare respiratory waveform patterns and motion artefact data to: * GCS * Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)

    Time frame: Duration of study period, up to 15 months

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
    Glasgow, G51 4FT, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • EMCDDA. Drug-related deaths and mortality in Europe. Update from EMCDDA expert network July 2019. Available from https://www.emcdda.europa.eu, accessed 09/02/2020
  • National records of Scotland, National Statistics. Drug-related deaths in Scotland in 2019, published 15/12/2020. Available from https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/, accessed 09/02/2020.
  • Holland KM, Jones C, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Idaikkadar N, Zwald M, Hoots B, Yard E, D'Inverno A, Swedo E, Chen MS, Petrosky E, Board A, Martinez P, Stone DM, Law R, Coletta MA, Adjemian J, Thomas C, Puddy RW, Peacock G, Dowling NF, Houry D. Trends in US Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health, Overdose, and Violence Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 1;78(4):372-379. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402. PubMed 33533876 ↗
  • United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2020 Booklet 1. Available from https://wdr.unodc.org/, Accessed 10/02/2021.
  • World Health Organisation. Opioid overdose. August 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/, Accessed 10/02/2021
  • Scottish Government. Evidence=-Based Strategies for Preventing Drug-Related Deaths in Scotland, Our Emergency Response. January 2020. Available from https://www.gov.scot/. Accessed 10/02/2021
  • McDonald R, Strang J. Are take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria. Addiction. 2016 Jul;111(7):1177-87. doi: 10.1111/add.13326. Epub 2016 Mar 30. PubMed 27028542 ↗
  • Giglio RE, Li G, DiMaggio CJ. Effectiveness of bystander naloxone administration and overdose education programs: a meta-analysis. Inj Epidemiol. 2015 Dec;2(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40621-015-0041-8. Epub 2015 May 22. PubMed 27747742 ↗
  • Leino K, Mildh L, Lertola K, Seppala T, Kirvela O. Time course of changes in breathing pattern in morphine- and oxycodone-induced respiratory depression. Anaesthesia. 1999 Sep;54(9):835-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00946.x. PubMed 10460553 ↗
  • Chu M, Nguyen T, Pandey V, Zhou Y, Pham HN, Bar-Yoseph R, Radom-Aizik S, Jain R, Cooper DM, Khine M. Respiration rate and volume measurements using wearable strain sensors. NPJ Digit Med. 2019 Feb 13;2:8. doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0083-3. eCollection 2019. PubMed 31304358 ↗
  • Winhusen T, Theobald J, Lewis D, Wilder CM, Lyons MS. Development and initial testing of a tailored telephone intervention delivered by peers to prevent recurring opioid-overdoses (TTIP-PRO). Health Educ Res. 2016 Apr;31(2):146-60. doi: 10.1093/her/cyw010. PubMed 27004905 ↗
  • Nandakumar R, Gollakota S, Sunshine JE. Opioid overdose detection using smartphones. Sci Transl Med. 2019 Jan 9;11(474):eaau8914. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8914. PubMed 30626717 ↗
  • Medical research Council , Biomedical Catalyst. 2021. Available from: https://mrc.ukri.org/funding/science-areas/translation/biomedical-catalyst/
  • McDonald R, Campbell ND, Strang J. Twenty years of take-home naloxone for the prevention of overdose deaths from heroin and other opioids-Conception and maturation. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Sep 1;178:176-187. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 May 25. PubMed 28654870 ↗
  • Community Management of Opioid Overdose. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK264311/ PubMed 25577941 ↗
  • EMCDDA (2018) Preventing overdose deaths in Europe.
  • National Institute for Drug Abuse (2017) Naloxone for Opioid Overdose: Life Saving Science. Available online at: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/naloxone-opioid-overdose-life-saving-science/naloxone-opioid-overdose-life-saving-science
  • Bird SM, McAuley A. Scotland's National Naloxone Programme. Lancet. 2019 Jan 26;393(10169):316-318. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33065-4. No abstract available. PubMed 30696566 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form, Clinical study report

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 21, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05358132
Collaborators
Pneumowave Ltd
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
May 3, 2022
Start date
Jun 8, 2022
Primary completion
Jan 7, 2023
Completion
Mar 7, 2024
Last update
Jun 21, 2024

Study contacts

David J Lowe, MBChB BMSc FRCEM
principal investigator · NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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