An observational study in Obesity, Obesity, Childhood and Tooth Wear, sponsored by University Ghent. Completed. Open to participants aged 11 Years to 18 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-12-06.
Sponsored by University Ghent · Observational
Objectives To compare oral health (dental caries, periodontal status, and erosive tooth wear (ETW)), diet and oral hygiene habits between obese and normal weight adolescents, and to explore possible risk associations.
Materials and Methods In this case-control study, a convenient sample of 81 obese adolescents (age range 11-18) from a rehabilitation centre, and 81 age-sex-matched normal weight adolescents were selected. Groups were defined using the Body Mass Index and growth curves for Flemish. Oral health was measured using DMFT, gingival, plaque and BEWE index. A validated questionnaire was utilized to assess diet and oral hygiene habits.
Participants and ethical aspects For this case-control study, a total of 162 adolescents residing in Belgium were examined between July 2015 and October 2015.
Height and weight were measured to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants. Obese and normal weight groups were defined using the BMI according to the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) and the growth curves for Flemish boys and girls (2-20years). Only the participants with obesity were included in the case group (having a BMI above the 97th percentile + 2.17 to+2.18 SDS), whereas only the participants with normal weight were included in the control group (BMI between the 10th and 90th percentile -1.64 to +1.64 SDS).
Clinical examination Anthropometrical and dental examinations were performed in the educational institutions. Before scoring, dental surfaces were dried using sterile gauze. Standard illumination (LED head lamps), sterile number five mouth mirrors and CPI periodontal probes (WHO 1997) were used. Caries experience was screened using DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) with a subdivision for D1 (early caries, 'white spots'), D2 (enamel caries) or D3 (dentine caries). The periodontal status was evaluated by measuring the Gingivitis index (Silness and Loë, 1963), Plaque index (Silness and Loë, 1964) and the presence of periodontal pockets (≥4mm) in all Ramfjord teeth (1.6, 2.1, 2.4, 3.6, 4.1 and 4.4). Data were obtained from the neighbouring tooth in cases where one of these teeth were not present. Deciduous teeth and teeth with developmental disturbances were excluded. Regarding ETW, prevalence and severity was recorded using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE index). According to this index, every permanent tooth surface is evaluated and is classified into a 4 score criteria, "0" being an indication for the absence of ETW, "1" being initial loss of surface texture, "2"* being distinct defect, hard tissue loss affecting less than 50% of tooth surface and "3"* being an indication for hard tissue loss and presence of ETW in more than the 50% of the surface (*usually involving dentin). The final BEWE sum score was the result of the sum of the highest score recorded per sextant .
Reproducibility Two paediatric dentists (FM and SD) were educated, instructed and calibrated for DMFT index. The examiners scored twice several clinical cases in two sessions separated by a two-week period. Then, the examiners scores were compared against an experienced benchmark (LM).
Questionnaire A validated questionnaire was applied in order to assess oral hygiene and dietary habits. Prior to initiation of the study, a content validation of the questionnaire was performed by five professors with experience in epidemiology. For the reliability of the questionnaire, a group of 20 students (15-year-old) were asked to complete the questionnaire twice separated by a two-week period. Once validated, the questionnaire was applied to each participant of the study on the same day of dental examination. Participants were asked to answer the questionnaire according to their habits just before they enter the rehabilitation centre.
1,129 studies on the registry are indexed under Pediatric Obesity; 187 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 125 is below the median of 180 across 235 observational studies indexed under Pediatric Obesity.
Browse Pediatric Obesity studies →University Ghent is the lead sponsor of 350 studies on the registry; 86 are open to participants now.
Compared within Pediatric Obesity, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Obesity. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Cases were all the obese children/adolescents (N=81; age range 11 to 18 years-old) who were recently participating in a treatment program for obese patients in a rehabilitation centre for chronic diseases (Zee Preventorium, De Haan, Belgium). Based on the number of cases, 81 normal weight students of two Belgian secondary schools (Deinze, Belgium) were recruited as controls. Controls were sex-age-matched, had the same education level and socioeconomic status (SES).
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.
Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ECOG performance status
A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.
Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
BMI above the 97th percentile + 2.17 to+2.18 SDS
Other: Dental examination
BMI between the 10th and 90th percentile -1.64 to +1.64 SDS
Other: Dental examination
In this cross sectional observational study only Dental examination and a self response survey was applied.
Oral health status
Caries experience was screened using DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) with a subdivision for D1 (early caries, 'white spots'), D2 (enamel caries) or D3 (dentine caries). The periodontal status was evaluated by measuring the Gingivitis index (Silness and Loë, 1963), Plaque index (Silness and Loë, 1964) and the presence of periodontal pockets (≥4mm) in all Ramfjord teeth (1.6, 2.1, 2.4, 3.6, 4.1 and 4.4). Data were obtained from the neighbouring tooth in cases where one of these teeth were not present. Deciduous teeth and teeth with developmental disturbances were excluded. Regarding ETW, prevalence and severity was recorded using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE index).
Time frame: Once on the day of dental examination
Association of oral health status and diet/oral hygiene habits
A validated questionnaire was applied in order to assess oral hygiene and dietary habits. The questionnaire was applied to each participant of the study on the same day of dental examination. Participants were asked to answer the questionnaire according to their habits just before they enter the rehabilitation centre.
Time frame: Once on the same day of dental examination
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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