ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04977700Updated Nov 13, 2023Results posted

Using Physical Tracking to Predict Sunburn

An interventional study of Intervention Group in Prevention, sponsored by Klein Buendel, Inc.. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-11-13.

Sponsored by Klein Buendel, Inc. · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 10 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Sep 2020, registered Jul 2021).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
41
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 379 studies in Skin Neoplasms with a site in United States — 62 open to participants now, 96 under way, 7 of them phase 3. Skin Neoplasms · United States.

Enrollment
147th of 288
41 · median 44
Started
2020
with 25 others
No phase
96 of 379
17 open now
Registered
279th of 379
by date
Lead sponsor
9 of 379
Klein Buendel, Inc.

Among the 379 studies in Skin Neoplasms with a site in United States, this one is the 147th largest by enrollment of the 288 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 26 that started in 2020, is one of 96 with no phase, and was the 279th registered.

Skin Neoplasms

604 studies on the registry are indexed under Skin Neoplasms; 126 are open to participants now.

Browse Skin Neoplasms studies →

Open to participants now

62 of the 379 studies in Skin Neoplasms with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

57 more — sign in →

All 62 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 104 Skin Neoplasms studies recruiting now, 84 (81%) set no upper age limit and 9 (9%) stop at 75 or younger; 15 take children under 18; 25 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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02

Study summary

Recreational UV exposure is associated with every form of skin cancer and individuals who engage in more physical activity have a higher prevalence of sunburn, a proximal biomarker of melanoma risk, perhaps explaining why melanoma is the only cancer with which physical activity is positively correlated. Mobile technology for tracking physical activity has become increasingly prevalent and Strava, an activity tracking app and social networking site for athletes, is one of the most popular of these technologies. This research will test the feasibility of delivering location-based, ecologically-valid sun safety advice to Strava users at times when they are predicted to be engaged in outdoor physical activity, by utilizing Strava's public open-source Applications Programming Interface.

Read the detailed description

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Over 5.4 million cases of keratinocyte cancers (basal and squamous cell) are diagnosed annually and incidence of melanoma has increased 3% each year for the past 30 years. In the 2014 Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer, the U. S. Surgeon General included strategies for coordinating messages on sun safety and physical activity, recognizing the need for sun safety among populations that engage in physical activity outdoors. Recreational UV exposure is associated with every form of skin cancer; individuals who engage in more physical activity have a higher prevalence of sunburn. Melanoma is the only cancer with which physical activity is positively correlated. Strava, a tracking app and social networking site for athletes, is one of the most popular of mobile technologies for logging physical activity and providing social feedback on activities by other Strava users. The goal of this R21 research is to test the feasibility of interfacing with the Strava website and its mobile app to develop an algorithm that a) predicts when individuals are likely to be engaged in physical activity outdoors in the sun when ultraviolet radiation is high and b) delivers sun safety advice tailored to the time, location, and personal risk (e.g., skin sun sensitivity) of the Strava users. Concept focus groups with Strava users and non-users will provide input on the feasibility, content, and functions in the Strava Sun (SS) intervention. The algorithm that predicts future outdoor exercise will be developed using machine learning modeling on activity data provided by Strava users. The SS intervention will be programmed to deliver ecologically-valid sun safety advice through Strava's open-source Applications Programming Interface (API) via email and comments in the Strava interface. The sun safety advice will be tailored to location, time, season and user's personal risk, employing advice algorithms we developed for a sun safety mobile app, sunZapp, and a social media message library in our Go Sun Smart intervention for outdoor recreation resorts. SS will be tested for usability prior to conducting a pilot field trial to establish feasibility of SS in practice. The project is significant and innovative. A sun protection interface for the Strava platform will provide individuals who engage in regular physical activity personalized, ecologically-valid advice to help them practice sun safety during outdoor activities. It will contain a novel machine learning algorithm that predicts future high-risk behavior, i.e., outdoor physical activity, to provide precision prevention advice.

03

Conditions studied

  • Prevention

Keywords

  • skin cancer
  • physical activity
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • 18 or older; reside in the United States; read/write in English; upload outdoor activity to Strava ≥3 times per week

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Younger than 18; reside outside of the United States; read/write in a language other than English; uploads Strava activity less than 3 times per week OR does not use Strava; having a cognitive or visual impairment that would interfere with participating; having another family member participating in the research; having participated in the focus group and usability testing
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
41 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention Group

    Participants will be enrolled on a rolling basis and participate in SS for 4 weeks in the intervention condition. After pretesting, participants will receive sun protection messages from SS through emails/comments based on results from their activity data. All participants will complete posttest survey 4 weeks from randomization.

    Behavioral: Intervention Group

  • No intervention
    Control Group

    A small control group will be included to see if a no-treatment control condition is acceptable to users and estimate follow-up rates for planning a randomized trial. Participants will be enrolled on a rolling basis and will complete a pretest at randomization. All participants will complete a posttest survey 4 weeks from randomization.

Interventions

  • BehavioralIntervention Group

    Test the developed algorithm that delivers location-based, tailored sun safety advice to Strava users through Strava comments for acceptability, ways of interacting with it, and barriers/willingness to allowing access.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Prevalence of Sun Protection Practices

    What proportion of 8 sun protection practices did participants do on reported days of exercise. Participants responded to 8 potential sun protection practices and provided the number of days they did each practice within the timeframe provided (3 months at baseline; 4 weeks at posttest). Participants also provided number of days of outdoor exercises within timeframe. Proportion was calculated by dividing the frequency of each sun protection practice by the number of days of outdoor exercise within the timeframe. Mean score of all sun protection practices per day of outdoor exercise is reported. Range = 0-1, where a higher number indicates more sun safety practices performed. A proportion was used to account for different timeframes at baseline and posttest.

    Time frame: baseline and four-weeks post intervention

  2. Prevalence of Sunburn

    Participants were asked if their skin was sunburned (described as being red and/or painful from exposure to the sun) in the past three months, and if so, how many times.

    Time frame: Baseline

  3. Prevalence of Sunburn

    Participants were asked if their skin was sunburned (described as being red and/or painful from exposure to the sun) in the past four weeks, and if so, how many times.

    Time frame: four-weeks post intervention

Secondary outcomes

  1. Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

    Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

    Time frame: Baseline

  2. Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

    Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

    Time frame: four-weeks post intervention

  3. Recall of Sun Protection Messages

    Participants in intervention only were asked about how many messages they read. Scale ranges from 0 - 3. 0 = none of the messages; 1 = some of the messages; 2 = most of the messages; 3 = all of the messages. Higher score indicates higher message recall.

    Time frame: four weeks post intervention

  4. Self-Efficacy for Sun Protection When Exercising

    Participants were asked: how confident are you that you can practice sun safety next time that you exercise. 1 = not confident; 2 = a little confident; 3 = somewhat confident; 4 = very confident. Higher scores indicates more self-efficacy for sun safety.

    Time frame: baseline and four-weeks post intervention

  5. Range of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

    Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

    Time frame: baseline

  6. Range of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

    Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

    Time frame: four weeks post-intervention

07

Results

Posted Oct 18, 2023

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneIntervention GroupControl Group
Started3110
Completed3110
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryPrevalence of Sun Protection Practices

What proportion of 8 sun protection practices did participants do on reported days of exercise. Participants responded to 8 potential sun protection practices and provided the number of days they did each practice within the timeframe provided (3 months at baseline; 4 weeks at posttest). Participants also provided number of days of outdoor exercises within timeframe. Proportion was calculated by dividing the frequency of each sun protection practice by the number of days of outdoor exercise within the timeframe. Mean score of all sun protection practices per day of outdoor exercise is reported. Range = 0-1, where a higher number indicates more sun safety practices performed. A proportion was used to account for different timeframes at baseline and posttest.

Time frame:
baseline and four-weeks post intervention
Reported as:
Mean · proportion of practices/day
Prevalence of Sun Protection Practices
proportion of practices/dayIntervention GroupControl Group
baseline0.30 ± 0.350.43 ± 0.43
four week posttest0.35 ± 0.370.41 ± 0.45
PrimaryPrevalence of Sunburn

Participants were asked if their skin was sunburned (described as being red and/or painful from exposure to the sun) in the past three months, and if so, how many times.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · sunburn
Prevalence of Sunburn
sunburnIntervention GroupControl Group
Prevalence of Sunburn1.0 ± 2.70.2 ± 0.6
PrimaryPrevalence of Sunburn

Participants were asked if their skin was sunburned (described as being red and/or painful from exposure to the sun) in the past four weeks, and if so, how many times.

Time frame:
four-weeks post intervention
Reported as:
Mean · sunburn
Prevalence of Sunburn
sunburnIntervention GroupControl Group
Prevalence of Sunburn0.3 ± 0.60.3 ± 0.7
SecondaryPhysical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · minutes
Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)
minutesIntervention GroupControl Group
Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)578.1 ± 603.3465.8 ± 250.4
SecondaryPhysical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

Time frame:
four-weeks post intervention
Reported as:
Mean · minutes
Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)
minutesIntervention GroupControl Group
Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)474.6 ± 238.4657.5 ± 578.0
SecondaryRecall of Sun Protection Messages

Participants in intervention only were asked about how many messages they read. Scale ranges from 0 - 3. 0 = none of the messages; 1 = some of the messages; 2 = most of the messages; 3 = all of the messages. Higher score indicates higher message recall.

Time frame:
four weeks post intervention
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Recall of Sun Protection Messages
units on a scaleIntervention GroupControl Group
Recall of Sun Protection Messages1.9 ± 1.0—
SecondarySelf-Efficacy for Sun Protection When Exercising

Participants were asked: how confident are you that you can practice sun safety next time that you exercise. 1 = not confident; 2 = a little confident; 3 = somewhat confident; 4 = very confident. Higher scores indicates more self-efficacy for sun safety.

Time frame:
baseline and four-weeks post intervention
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Self-Efficacy for Sun Protection When Exercising
units on a scaleIntervention GroupControl Group
baseline3.1 ± 0.93.4 ± 0.8
four-week follow-up3.4 ± 0.83.3 ± 0.5
SecondaryRange of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

Time frame:
baseline
Reported as:
Mean · minutes
Range of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)
minutesIntervention GroupControl Group
Range of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)578.1 (36 to 2580)465.8 (138 to 960)
SecondaryRange of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)

Duration in minutes of exercise multiplied by number of times per week, in the past 7 days. Total minutes per week calculated; mean per treatment group reported.

Time frame:
four weeks post-intervention
Reported as:
Mean · minutes
Range of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)
minutesIntervention GroupControl Group
Range of Physical Activity (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire)474.6 (0 to 1020)657.5 (285 to 2220)

Adverse events

Collected over 4 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Intervention Group0/31 (0%)0/31 (0%)0/31 (0%)
Control Group0/10 (0%)0/10 (0%)0/10 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Participants are adults in the United States who exercise outdoor and use the Strava platform to log activity data.

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Intervention GroupControl GroupTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years28735
>=65 years336
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Intervention GroupControl GroupTotal
Mean42.2 ± 14.848.9 ± 17.943.9 ± 15.7
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Intervention GroupControl GroupTotal
Female22729
Male9312
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Intervention GroupControl GroupTotal
Hispanic or Latino011
Not Hispanic or Latino31940
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Intervention GroupControl GroupTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian303
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander101
Black or African American000
White261036
More than one race101
Unknown or Not Reported000
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Klein Buendel, Inc.
    Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Sep 2020 to primary completion in Jun 2023, 33 months.

Results were first posted in Oct 2023, 3 months after primary completion.

Of 116 interventional studies with no phase under Skin Neoplasms, half reached primary completion within 27 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 66. This study's 33 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 2, 2021
First posted
Jul 27, 2021
StartActual
Sep 1, 2020
Primary completionActual
Jun 30, 2023
CompletionActual
Jun 30, 2023
Results first posted
Oct 18, 2023
Last update
Nov 13, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 13, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04977700
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jul 27, 2021
Start date
Sep 1, 2020
Primary completion
Jun 30, 2023
Completion
Jun 30, 2023
Results posted
Oct 18, 2023
Last update
Nov 13, 2023

Study contacts

Julia Berteletti, MSW
principal investigator · Klein Buendel, Inc.

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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