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RecruitingNCT04969926Updated Nov 5, 2026

Natural History Study of Parathyroid Disorders

An observational study in Parathyroid Cancer, Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism, sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 6 Months to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-05.

Sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Nov 2021; still recruiting 4 years 11 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
3,000
Ages
6 Months to 100 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background:

Parathyroid disorders are very common in the general population and include disorders of parathyroid excess, deficiency, or defects in parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling. PTH, the main secretory product of parathyroid glands is responsible for regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis.

Objective:

i) To investigate the cause of parathyroid disorders

ii) To describe evolution, natural history, and longitudinal trends of parathyroid and related disorders seen in syndromic presentations like multiple endocrine neoplasia, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome

Eligibility:

People ages 6 months older who have, are at risk of having, or are related to a person with a parathyroid or related disorder.

Design:

Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records.

Participants will be seen, tested, and treated by doctors based on their condition. Their visits may be in person or via telehealth.

Participants will complete questionnaires. They will answer questions about their physical, mental, and social health.

Participants may give samples such as saliva, blood, urine, or stool.

Participants may give cheek cell samples. They will do this using a cheek swab or by spitting into a cup.

Adult participants may give a skin biopsy. For this, a small bit of skin is removed with a punch tool.

Participants may have medical photos taken.

If participants have surgery during the course of their regular care either at the NIH

or at a different hospital or doctor s office, researchers will ask for some of the leftover

tissue.

Participants will be in the study as long as they are being seen by their doctor.

Read the detailed description

Study Description:

Patients with confirmed, suspected or at risk of developing parathyroid disorders will be provided standard of care testing for their condition. Data obtained during the testing will be used for research. Additionally, samples may be collected for research.

Objectives:

  • To investigate the cause of the disease and its associated manifestations, possibly genetic in participants with parathyroid and related disorder(s)
  • To identify biomarkers of the various parathyroid disorder(s) and associated manifestations by performing molecular profiling of available biospecimens
  • To describe evolution, natural history and longitudinal trends of parathyroid and related disorders including the associated extra-parathyroid manifestations seen in these disorders, for example, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney, jaw, pituitary, and uterine tumors.
  • To investigate the natural history of parathyroid disorders and associated manifestations during pregnancy
  • To characterize the morbidity and mortality in participants with parathyroid and related disorders and investigate its association with extra-parathyroidal manifestations.
  • To investigate long-term risks and benefits with standard of care testing and therapy for parathyroid and associated extra-parathyroidal manifestations.
02

Conditions studied

  • Parathyroid Cancer
  • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
  • Pseudohypoparathyroidism
  • Inheritable Bone Diseases
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type 1

Keywords

  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • calcium disorders
  • Parathyroid Cancer
  • Inheritable
  • PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
  • Natural History
03

In context

Parathyroid Neoplasms

63 studies on the registry are indexed under Parathyroid Neoplasms; 19 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 3,000 is above the median of 100 across 20 observational studies indexed under Parathyroid Neoplasms.

Browse Parathyroid Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is the lead sponsor of 538 studies on the registry; 55 are open to participants now.

Of its 80 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 51 (64%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Months to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients with confirmed, suspected or at risk of developing parathyroid and related disorders.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

  • Subjects known to have, suspected of having, or at risk of developing a parathyroid or related disorder.
  • Age >= 6 months.

Exclusion criteria

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

  • Children \<= 6 months
  • Patients with conditions that in the opinion of the investigators can interfere with the study objectives.
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
3,000 participants (estimated)

Groups and cohorts

  • Patients with confirmed, suspected or at risk of developing parathyroid disorder

    Parathyroid (and related disorders) will be evaluated and their biospecimens collected to define the molecular signature and clinical spectrum of their disorder

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. To identify biomarkers of the disease and associated manifestations by performing molecular profiling of available biospecimens

    Participants will undergo standard clinical evaluations for their condition. Data obtained during these evaluations will be retained for purposes of the primary objective, for analysis of secondary objectives, and for future research. There are no mandatory study procedures for this protocol.

    Time frame: 5 years

  2. To investigate the cause and molecular mechanism of the disease, possibly genetic in participants with unknown cause of parathyroid and related disorder(s)

    Participants will undergo standard clinical evaluations for their condition. Data obtained during these evaluations will be retained for purposes of the primary objective, for analysis of secondary objectives, and for future research. There are no mandatory study procedures for this protocol.

    Time frame: 5 years

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
    Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
    Recruiting
    • For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Office of Patient Recruitment (OPR) · Contactccopr@nih.gov · 800-411-1222
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References and documents

Publications

  • Tepede AA, Lee M, Welch J, Mandl A, Cochran C, Hamimi A, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Gharib AM, Millo C, Sadowski SM, Blau JE, Jha S. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT for neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026 Aug 5;17:1849746. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1849746. eCollection 2026. PubMed 42620272 ↗
  • Alkaissi H, Chuki E, Liu Y, Welch J, Bliss L, Shah N, Agarwal SK, Simonds WF, Quezado M, Sakiani S, Andresson T, Pacak K, Nilubol N, Weinstein LS, Febres-Aldana CA, Jha S. Expansion of Germline Variants in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Fumarate Hydratase Deficiency as a Cause of Parathyroid Adenomas. Endocr Pathol. 2026 Jul 22;37(1):32. doi: 10.1007/s12022-026-09928-w. PubMed 42484783 ↗
  • Worthy CC, Tora R, Uttarkar CN, Welch JM, Bliss L, Cochran C, Ninan A, Kumar S, Wank S, Auh S, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Agarwal SK, Blau JE, Jha S. Genotype-phenotype correlation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. JCI Insight. 2025 Feb 13;10(6):e176993. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.176993. PubMed 39946193 ↗
  • Graf A, Cochran C, Sadowski S, Nilubol N, Simonds WF, Weinstein LS, Chang R, Jha S. Invasive Testing for Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Tumors. J Endocr Soc. 2024 Jan 2;8(1):bvad158. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvad158. eCollection 2023 Dec 1. PubMed 38174154 ↗
  • Tora R, Welch J, Sun J, Agarwal SK, Bell DA, Merino M, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Jha S. Phenotypic Profiling and Molecular Mechanisms in Hyperparathyroidism-jaw Tumor Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Nov 17;108(12):3165-3177. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad368. PubMed 37339334 ↗
  • Zenno A, Ramamoorthy B, Hammoud DA, Quezado M, Zeiger MA, Jha S. Case Report: Nine-year-old with parathyroid adenoma within the piriform sinus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 May 23;14:1171052. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1171052. eCollection 2023. PubMed 37288292 ↗
  • Chuki E, Graf A, Ninan A, Tora R, Abijo T, Bliss L, Nilubol N, Weinstein LS, Agarwal SK, Simonds WF, Jha S. Long-Term Outcomes of Parathyroid Autografts in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Endocr Soc. 2023 Apr 22;7(5):bvad055. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvad055. eCollection 2023 Mar 6. PubMed 37284613 ↗
09

Updates

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
Minor edits
Nothing that changes what the study is or who can join. Edited: verification date
1 update, last Nov 5, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Nov 5, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: verification date

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04969926
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jul 21, 2021
Start date
Nov 30, 2021
Primary completion
Jan 22, 2031 (estimated)
Completion
Jan 22, 2031 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 5, 2026

Study contacts

Lynn M Bliss
Contact
bonemineralclinic@niddk.nih.gov
(301) 435-7921
Smita Jha, M.D.
Contact
smita.jha@nih.gov
(301) 827-1930
Smita Jha, M.D.
principal investigator · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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