ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04935775Dixon ProjectUpdated Jul 3, 2023

The Effect of Touch on Pain and Anxiety During the Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedure

An interventional study of Untrained Touch in Pain, Acute and Anxiety, sponsored by Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-07-03.

Sponsored by Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
46
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study is analyzing the benefit of untrained touch provided during a bone marrow biopsy procedure as compared to performing the procedure without providing it.

Read the detailed description

Two protocol-identified licensed nursing aides (LNA) will provide an unstructured simple touch intervention that requires no special training other than being oriented to "rub patient's feet" during the procedure. Data will be collected through patient-reported outcomes to determine if "untrained" touch has therapeutic results in managing a patient's pain and anxiety during a bone marrow biopsy procedure.

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Conditions studied

  • Pain, Acute
  • Anxiety
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In context

Acute Pain

908 studies on the registry are indexed under Acute Pain; 154 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 46 is below the median of 87 across 759 interventional studies indexed under Acute Pain.

Browse Acute Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center is the lead sponsor of 486 studies on the registry; 69 are open to participants now.

Of its 31 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 21 (68%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Patients from Norris Cotton Cancer Center who have been scheduled for a bone marrow biopsy at the Outpatient Surgical Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
  2. Subjects must be able to read and write in English to provide informed consent and fill out the questionnaires.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients who do not wish to have their feet and lower legs touched during the procedure
  2. Open sores on their feet or lower legs.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
46 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Untrained Touch Provided

    Other: Untrained Touch

  • No intervention
    Standard of Care

Interventions

  • OtherUntrained Touch

    Subject's feet, ankles, and lower legs are touched and rubbed during a bone marrow biopsy procedure.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Evaluate patient-reported pain levels

    Patients be asked to describe what their pain level was before, at its worst point during the procedure and after the bone marrow biopsy. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used on a 0 to 10 scale, 0 being no pain at all and 10 being the worst pain imaginable.

    Time frame: During the study procedure

  2. Evaluate patient-reported anxiety levels

    The six -item short form Spiellberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a self-reported questionnaire, will be administered on pencil and paper. Possible ranges of scores on the 6-item questionnaires vary from 6 to 24, with separate scores for both the state and trait anxiety sections. Answers to each question range from 1 to 4, 1 being no anxiety at all to 4 being very high anxiety (Julian, 2014). Patients will complete the short-form STAI before and after the procedure.

    Time frame: During the study procedure

  3. Identify correlation between demographics and interventional response

    Secondary endpoints will include identifying any correlation between demographic data collected and response to the intervention. The patient experience will be evaluated by using a visual analog scale at the completion of the procedure via paper and pencil that the subjects will complete independently. These open ended questions will be used to inform larger study questions in the future. Abstracted and deidentified summaries of responses will be prepared by the study PI.

    Time frame: During the study procedure

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Study locations

1 site
  • Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Cancer Center
    Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
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References and documents

Publications

  • Baldwin AL, Vitale A, Brownell E, Kryak E, Rand W. Effects of Reiki on Pain, Anxiety, and Blood Pressure in Patients Undergoing Knee Replacement: A Pilot Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2017 Mar/Apr;31(2):80-89. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000195. PubMed 28181973 ↗
  • Abdelaziz, S. H., & Mohammed, H. E. (2014). Effect of foot massage on postoperative pain and vital signs in breast cancer patient. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 4(8). doi:10.5430/jnep.v4n8p115
  • Bao T, Ye X, Skinner J, Cao B, Fisher J, Nesbit S, Grossman SA. The analgesic effect of magnetic acupressure in cancer patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Jun;41(6):995-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.012. Epub 2011 Feb 9. PubMed 21306863 ↗
  • Birocco N, Guillame C, Storto S, Ritorto G, Catino C, Gir N, Balestra L, Tealdi G, Orecchia C, Vito GD, Giaretto L, Donadio M, Bertetto O, Schena M, Ciuffreda L. The effects of Reiki therapy on pain and anxiety in patients attending a day oncology and infusion services unit. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2012 Jun;29(4):290-4. doi: 10.1177/1049909111420859. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PubMed 21998438 ↗
  • Bourque AL, Sullivan ME, Winter MR. Reiki as a pain management adjunct in screening colonoscopy. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2012 Sep;35(5):308-12. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0b013e3182603436. PubMed 23018166 ↗
  • Brunetti GA, Tendas A, Meloni E, Mancini D, Maggiore P, Scaramucci L, Giovannini M, Niscola P, Cartoni C, Alimena G. Pain and anxiety associated with bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: a prospective study on 152 Italian patients with hematological malignancies. Ann Hematol. 2011 Oct;90(10):1233-5. doi: 10.1007/s00277-011-1166-7. Epub 2011 Feb 2. No abstract available. PubMed 21287348 ↗
  • Ferrell-Torry AT, Glick OJ. The use of therapeutic massage as a nursing intervention to modify anxiety and the perception of cancer pain. Cancer Nurs. 1993 Apr;16(2):93-101. PubMed 8477405 ↗
  • Gay CW, Robinson ME, George SZ, Perlstein WM, Bishop MD. Immediate changes after manual therapy in resting-state functional connectivity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging in participants with induced low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2014 Nov-Dec;37(9):614-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.09.001. Epub 2014 Oct 3. PubMed 25284739 ↗
  • Gonella S, Garrino L, Dimonte V. Biofield therapies and cancer-related symptoms: a review. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2014 Oct;18(5):568-76. doi: 10.1188/14.CJON.568-576. PubMed 25253110 ↗
  • Gorji, A., Taebei, M., Ranjbar, M., & Hatkehlouei, M. (2016). Effect of Distraction Technique and Hypnosis in Pain of Bone Marrow Aspiration in Children: A Systematic Review Study. International Journal of Pediatrics, 5(3). doi:10.22038/ijp.2016.20976.1754
  • Grealish L, Lomasney A, Whiteman B. Foot massage. A nursing intervention to modify the distressing symptoms of pain and nausea in patients hospitalized with cancer. Cancer Nurs. 2000 Jun;23(3):237-43. doi: 10.1097/00002820-200006000-00012. PubMed 10851775 ↗
  • Hart LK, Freel MI, Haylock PJ, Lutgendorf SK. The use of healing touch in integrative oncology. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2011 Oct;15(5):519-25. doi: 10.1188/11.CJON.519-525. PubMed 21951738 ↗
  • Hjortholm N, Jaddini E, Halaburda K, Snarski E. Strategies of pain reduction during the bone marrow biopsy. Ann Hematol. 2013 Jan;92(2):145-9. doi: 10.1007/s00277-012-1641-9. Epub 2012 Dec 6. PubMed 23224244 ↗
  • Johnson H, Burke D, Plews C, Newell R, Parapia L. Improving the patient's experience of a bone marrow biopsy - an RCT. J Clin Nurs. 2008 Mar;17(6):717-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01991.x. Epub 2007 Nov 30. PubMed 18047576 ↗
  • Kuball, J., Shuz, J., Gamm, H., & Weber, M. (n.d.). Bone marrow punctures and pain. Acute Pain, 6(1), 9-14. doi:10.1016/j.acpain.2004.02.003
  • Kutner JS, Smith MC, Corbin L, Hemphill L, Benton K, Mellis BK, Beaty B, Felton S, Yamashita TE, Bryant LL, Fairclough DL. Massage therapy versus simple touch to improve pain and mood in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Sep 16;149(6):369-79. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-00003. PubMed 18794556 ↗
  • Lutgendorf SK, Mullen-Houser E, Russell D, Degeest K, Jacobson G, Hart L, Bender D, Anderson B, Buekers TE, Goodheart MJ, Antoni MH, Sood AK, Lubaroff DM. Preservation of immune function in cervical cancer patients during chemoradiation using a novel integrative approach. Brain Behav Immun. 2010 Nov;24(8):1231-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.06.014. Epub 2010 Jun 30. PubMed 20600809 ↗
  • Robison JG, Smith CL. Therapeutic Massage During Chemotherapy and/or Biotherapy Infusions: Patient Perceptions of Pain, Fatigue, Nausea, Anxiety, and Satisfaction. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2016 Apr;20(2):E34-40. doi: 10.1188/16.CJON.E34-E40. PubMed 26991721 ↗
  • Rosenbaum MS, Velde J. The Effects of Yoga, Massage, and Reiki on Patient Well-Being at a Cancer Resource Center. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2016 Jun 1;20(3):E77-81. doi: 10.1188/16.CJON.E77-E81. PubMed 27206308 ↗
  • Snow A, Dorfman D, Warbet R, Cammarata M, Eisenman S, Zilberfein F, Isola L, Navada S. A randomized trial of hypnosis for relief of pain and anxiety in adult cancer patients undergoing bone marrow procedures. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2012;30(3):281-93. doi: 10.1080/07347332.2012.664261. PubMed 22571244 ↗
  • Jane SW, Wilkie DJ, Gallucci BB, Beaton RD. Systematic review of massage intervention for adult patients with cancer: a methodological perspective. Cancer Nurs. 2008 Nov-Dec;31(6):E24-35. doi: 10.1097/01.NCC.0000339242.51291.85. PubMed 18987505 ↗
  • Tabatabaee A, Tafreshi MZ, Rassouli M, Aledavood SA, AlaviMajd H, Farahmand SK. EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC TOUCH ON PAIN RELATED PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Mater Sociomed. 2016 Jun;28(3):220-3. doi: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.220-223. Epub 2016 Jun 1. PubMed 27482166 ↗
  • Thrane S, Cohen SM. Effect of Reiki therapy on pain and anxiety in adults: an in-depth literature review of randomized trials with effect size calculations. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 Dec;15(4):897-908. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.07.008. Epub 2014 Feb 28. PubMed 24582620 ↗
  • Tucker DL, Rockett M, Hasan M, Poplar S, Rule SA. Does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) alleviate the pain experienced during bone marrow sampling in addition to standard techniques? A randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial. J Clin Pathol. 2015 Jun;68(6):479-83. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202908. Epub 2015 Mar 10. PubMed 25759407 ↗
  • Ucuzal M, Kanan N. Foot massage: effectiveness on postoperative pain in breast surgery patients. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 Jun;15(2):458-65. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.03.001. Epub 2012 Jun 20. PubMed 24882025 ↗
  • Watmough S, Flynn M. A review of pain management interventions in bone marrow biopsy. J Clin Nurs. 2011 Mar;20(5-6):615-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03485.x. PubMed 21320190 ↗
  • Weze C, Leathard HL, Grange J, Tiplady P, Stevens G. Evaluation of healing by gentle touch in 35 clients with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2004 Mar;8(1):40-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2003.10.004. PubMed 15003743 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2021 to primary completion in Jan 2022, 3 months.

Of 314 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Acute Pain, half reached primary completion within 11 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 22. This study's 3 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 318 studies reached it within 11 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 22.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 2, 2021
First posted
Jun 23, 2021
StartActual
Oct 13, 2021
Primary completionActual
Jan 28, 2022
CompletionActual
Apr 20, 2022
Last update
Jul 3, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 3, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04935775
Responsible party
Anna D. Schaal (Hematology Nurse Practitioner, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 23, 2021
Start date
Oct 13, 2021
Primary completion
Jan 28, 2022
Completion
Apr 20, 2022
Last update
Jul 3, 2023

Study contacts

Anna Schaal, MSN, APRN
principal investigator · Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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