ClinicalTrials.gg
Status unknownNCT04898361Updated May 24, 2021

PFO Occlusion and Atrial Fibrillation

An interventional study of PFO closure in Atrial Fibrillation New Onset, Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source and Patent Foramen Ovale, sponsored by University Hospital, Saarland. Status unknown at 1 site in Germany. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-05-24.

Sponsored by University Hospital, Saarland · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified May 2021), so the status shown — last known as Recruiting — may be out of date.

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 7 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jan 2020, registered Sep 2020).

Help build ClinicalTrials.gg — short surveys, remote interviews or testing, in your language. Take part →

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
50
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 21 studies in Foramen Ovale, Patent with a site in Germany — 3 open to participants now, 6 under way, none of them phase 3. Foramen Ovale, Patent · Germany.

Planned enrollment
11th of 13
50 · median 85
Started
2020
with 2 others
No phase
13 of 21
1 open now
Registered
17th of 21
by date

Among the 21 studies in Foramen Ovale, Patent with a site in Germany, this one is the 11th largest by planned enrollment of the 13 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 3 that started in 2020, is one of 13 with no phase, and was the 17th registered.

Foramen Ovale, Patent

136 studies on the registry are indexed under Foramen Ovale, Patent; 47 are open to participants now.

Browse Foramen Ovale, Patent studies →

Open to participants now

3 of the 21 studies in Foramen Ovale, Patent with a site in Germany are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

All 3 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Germany have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Germany →

Who these studies take

Of the 34 Foramen Ovale, Patent studies recruiting now, 11 (32%) set no upper age limit and 19 (56%) stop at 75 or younger; 3 take children under 18; 2 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 21 studies in Foramen Ovale, Patent with a site in Germany, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Interventional closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) associates with reduced risk of stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke as reported in the recent CLOSE and REDUCE trials. The long-term follow-up results of the RESPECT and DEFENSE-PFO trial confirmed these findings. PFO closure is therefore recommended in patient with cryptogenic ischemic stroke and PFO according to the current German interdisciplinary guidelines. It is likely that the number of PFO closure procedures will increase significantly in the near future. However, new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) appears to increase in patients following this procedure. In the REDUCE study, new onset atrial fibrillation was detected in 6.6% patients in the PFO closure group compared with 0.4% in the control group (medical treatment); 59% of these patients were diagnosed within the first two weeks following the procedure and 83% within 45 days, respectively. These results were consistent with the CLOSE study: AF was detected in 4.6% patients in the intervention group vs. 0.9% in the control group. Up until today, markers to identify and quantify the individual risk of AF onset are lacking. Furthermore, under-reporting and under-detection of AF occurrence after PFO closure is likely. This study is designed to to assess the prevalence and and identification of electrophysiological and echocardiographic parameters of new-onset AF.

03

Conditions studied

  • Atrial Fibrillation New Onset
  • Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
  • Patent Foramen Ovale

Browse trials for

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Previous embolic stroke with undetermined source with...
  • palpitations with clinical indication for an electrophysiological study (control group)
  • PFO and clinical indication for interventional PFO closure according to current guidelines (intervention group)
  • Sinus rhythm at time of inclusion with no history of AF
  • Planned EP study due to reported palpitations or documented burden of non-sustained atrial arrythymias (>100 atrial ectopic beats /24 hours, atrial tachycardia)
  • Written

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • previously documented AF
  • indication for therapeutic anticoagulation
  • uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  • acute coronary syndrom or acute cardiac decompensation within the last 6 months before enrollment
  • enrolled in another study
  • > 40 kg/m²
  • patients who are pregnant of breastfeeding \< 6 months
  • relevant peripheral artery disease
  • substance abuse
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
50 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    PFO closure

    Patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) with patent foramen ovale (PFO) eligible for interventional PFO occlusion receiving a structured electrophysiological study due to palpitations before the PFO closure. Extensive cardiac monitoring.

    Procedure: PFO closure

  • No intervention
    NO PFO

    Patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) with NO patent foramen ovale (PFO) receiving a structured electrophysiological study due to palpitations. Extensive cardiac monitoring.

Interventions

  • ProcedurePFO closure

    Interventional closure of a patent foramen oval preceded by an electrophysiological study

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in baseline heart rhythm, e.g. new-onset atrial fibrillation

    Rate of detection of new-onset atrial fibrillation with Holter and loop recorder monitoring after electrophysiological study

    Time frame: 1, 3, 6, 12 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Relevance of atrial refractory periods and inducibility of atrial arrhythmias during the electrophysiological study

    Atrial refractory periods are measured and atrial arrhythmias are induced during the electrophysiological study. Measurement: electrophysiological study, Unit of measure: Rate of patients with induced AF during stimulation

    Time frame: 1 month

  2. Relevance of atrial refractory periods and inducibility of atrial arrhythmias during the electrophysiological study

    Atrial refractory periods are measured and atrial arrhythmias are induced during the electrophysiological study. Measurement: electrophysiological study, Unit of measure: Rate of patients with induced AF during stimulation

    Time frame: 3 months

  3. Relevance of atrial refractory periods and inducibility of atrial arrhythmias during the electrophysiological study

    Atrial refractory periods are measured and atrial arrhythmias are induced during the electrophysiological study. Measurement: electrophysiological study, Unit of measure: Rate of patients with induced AF during stimulation

    Time frame: 6 months

  4. Relevance of atrial refractory periods and inducibility of atrial arrhythmias during the electrophysiological study

    Atrial refractory periods are measured and atrial arrhythmias are induced during the electrophysiological study. Measurement: electrophysiological study, Unit of measure: Rate of patients with induced AF during stimulation

    Time frame: 12 months

  5. Change in left atrial morphology (LA volume index) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial morphology and function (LA volume index) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA volume index, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 1 month

  6. Change in left atrial function (LA strain) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 1 month

  7. Change in new-onset AF following PFO closure

    Assessment of new-onset AF during follow-up. Measurement: ECG, Holter ECG

    Time frame: 1 month

  8. Change in left atrial morphology (LA volume index) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 3 months

  9. Change in left atrial function (LA strain) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 3 months

  10. Change in new-onset AF following PFO closure

    Assessment of new-onset AF during follow-up. Measurement: ECG, Holter ECG

    Time frame: 3 months

  11. Change in left atrial morphology (LA volume index) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 6 months

  12. Change in left atrial function (LA strain) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 6 months

  13. Change in new-onset AF following PFO closure

    Assessment of new-onset AF during follow-up. Measurement: ECG, Holter ECG

    Time frame: 6 months

  14. Change in left atrial morphology (LA volume index) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 12 months

  15. Change in left atrial function (LA strain) following PFO closure

    Assessment of the change in left atrial function (LA strain) during follow-up. Measurement: echocardiography, Unit of measure: Assessment of LA strain, physiologocal parameter

    Time frame: 12 months

  16. Change in new-onset AF following PFO closure

    Assessment of new-onset AF during follow-up. Measurement: ECG, Holter ECG

    Time frame: 12 months

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
    Homburg, Saarland 66421, Germany
    Recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jan 2020 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jun 2021, 17 months after the start.

Of 31 interventional studies with no phase under Foramen Ovale, Patent, half reached primary completion within 47 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 32 and three quarters within 100. This study's planned 17 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 13, 2020
First posted
May 24, 2021
StartActual
Jan 15, 2020
Primary completionEst.
Jun 2021
CompletionEst.
Jun 2022
Last update
May 24, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 24, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04898361
Lead sponsor
University Hospital, Saarland
Responsible party
Christian Ukena (Head of cardiac electrophysiology department, University Hospital, Saarland) — Principal investigator
First posted
May 24, 2021
Start date
Jan 15, 2020
Primary completion
Jun 2021 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 2022 (estimated)
Last update
May 24, 2021

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is status unknown, as verified in May 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion