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CompletedNCT04789876Updated Mar 10, 2021

Effectiveness of The Phosphate Mobile App on Serum Phosphorus in Adult Hemodialysis Patients With Hyperphosphatemia

An interventional study of Phosphate mobile app and One-off dietary counselling with a phosphate booklet in Hyperphosphatemia and End Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis, sponsored by Taylor's University. Completed at 3 sites in Malaysia. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-03-10.

Sponsored by Taylor's University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year 4 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Nov 2019, registered Mar 2021).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
74
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This multi-centred randomized, open label-controlled trial consists of hemodialysis (HD) patients identified with hyperphosphatemia (>1.78mmol/L). The intervention group received a phosphate mobile app and the control group received one-off dietary counselling for 12 weeks. Serum phosphate was measured pre-and post-intervention.

Read the detailed description

This study is a multi-centred randomized, open label-controlled trial where a total of 66 HD patients (33 intervention vs 33 control) with hyperphosphatemia were recruited from government, private and non-governmental organization settings.

Patients who consented were subjected to screening for identification of hyperphosphatemia and other eligibility criteria. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were grouped according to shift and block randomized to either the intervention or control group using a web-based randomiser.

The intervention group received a phosphate mobile app for 12 weeks and the control group received one-off phosphate counselling delivered by a dietitian with a phosphate booklet. During the 12 weeks study period, patients in both control and intervention groups were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks for changes in serum phosphorus, serum corrected calcium, phosphate knowledge, dietary intake and phosphate binder adherence.

These parameters were compared at baseline and 12 weeks for within- and between-group.

02

Conditions studied

  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • End Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis

Keywords

  • Hemodialysis
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Mobile app
  • Dietary counseling
  • Serum phosphorus
  • Phosphate knowledge
  • Dietary intake
  • Phosphate binder adherence
03

In context

Kidney Failure, Chronic

2,085 studies on the registry are indexed under Kidney Failure, Chronic; 260 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 74 is above the median of 55 across 1,557 interventional studies indexed under Kidney Failure, Chronic.

Browse Kidney Failure, Chronic studies →

Lead sponsor

Taylor's University is the lead sponsor of 3 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients aged 18 years old and above.
  • Patients were undergoing maintenance HD treatment for more than three months.
  • Patients were on hemodialysis treatment for 4 hours per session, three times a week.
  • Kt/V value (a numerical formula value to determine hemodialysis treatment adequacy. K is dialyser clearance of urea, t is dialysis time, and V is the volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to the patient's total body water) is 1.2 and above each session.
  • Patients were able to read English or Malay or Mandarin.
  • Patients were on the single type of phosphate binder.
  • Patients were having serum phosphorus above 1.78mmol/l and above for more than three months.
  • Patients were not seen by a dietitian for the past one year for phosphate education.
  • Patients did not have ward admission for the past three months.
  • Patients did not have dementia or developmental delay.
  • Patients owned and able to use a smartphone.
  • Patients were able to use at least one comprehensive mobile application independently.
  • Patients had access to the internet/data plan.
  • Patients were willing to adhere to all study requirements and protocol.
  • Patients were willing to accept the publication of data without exposing their name.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients were on incremental or acute hemodialysis.
  • Patients had ward admission three months prior to the study and during the study period.
  • Patients were terminally ill.
  • Patients had cognitive impairment or physical disabilities (visual, hand dexterity, etc.) hindering interview and PMA utilisation.
  • Patients had visual impairment or blind hindering the interview or the use of PMA.
  • Patients were unable to self-care and dependent.
  • Patients stayed in an institutionalised setting.
  • Patients had undergone parathyroidectomy.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
74 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    App Intervention Group (AIG)

    Phosphate mobile app for 12 weeks.

    Other: Phosphate mobile app

  • Active comparator
    Dietitian Intervention Group (DIG)

    One-off 45-minute dietary counselling delivered by a dietitian at the baseline of the study.

    Behavioral: One-off dietary counselling with a phosphate booklet

Interventions

  • OtherPhosphate mobile app

    The phosphate mobile app has the features of i) matching phosphate binder with dietary phosphate intake, ii) educational videos of phosphate management, iii) food database with local food items, iv) record-keeping and goal setting.

    Also known as: MyKidneyDiet - Phosphate Tracker

  • BehavioralOne-off dietary counselling with a phosphate booklet

    One-off 45-minute dietary counselling delivered by a dietitian at the baseline of the study. Patients received a complimentary phosphate booklet after the counselling session. The phosphate booklet contains similar educational information as per the phosphate mobile app excluding the matching of phosphate binder with dietary phosphate information.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Changes in serum phosphorus

    Effect of intervention on serum phosphorus

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Changes in phosphate knowledge

    A questionnaire used to assess phosphate knowledge and contained 18 questions related to phosphate treatment, disease pathophysiology, dialysis treatment, phosphate binder, dietary phosphate and responsibility. The questionnaire was an expert validated phosphate questionnaire with back-to-back-translation for English, Malay, and Chinese questionnaire. Each correct response was awarded 1 point, and all correct answers were summed to achieve a total score. The possible total score ranged from 0 to 18. All subjects completed this questionnaire at baseline and 12-week after the intervention.

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks

  2. Changes in dietary intake

    Dietary energy intake (kcal/day and kcal/kg body weight/day), dietary protein intake (g/day and g/kg body weight/day) and dietary phosphate (mg/day) assessed using a 3-day dietary record method at baseline and 12-week after the intervention.

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks

  3. Changes in phosphate binder adherence

    Phosphate binder adherence measured using the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) at baseline and 12-week after the intervention.

    Time frame: Baseline, 12 weeks

07

Study locations

3 sites
  • Pusat Rawatan Dialisis Islah
    Batu Caves, Selangor 68100, Malaysia
  • National Kidney Foundation Malaysia
    Petaling Jaya, Selangor 46100, Malaysia
  • Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Kuala Lumpur, 50586, Malaysia
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Ketteler M, Block GA, Evenepoel P, Fukagawa M, Herzog CA, McCann L, Moe SM, Shroff R, Tonelli MA, Toussaint ND, Vervloet MG, Leonard MB. Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):422-430. doi: 10.7326/M17-2640. Epub 2018 Feb 20. PubMed 29459980 ↗
  • Umeukeje EM, Mixon AS, Cavanaugh KL. Phosphate-control adherence in hemodialysis patients: current perspectives. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018 Jul 4;12:1175-1191. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S145648. eCollection 2018. PubMed 30013329 ↗
  • Chan MW, Cheah HM, Mohd Padzil MB. Multidisciplinary education approach to optimize phosphate control among hemodialysis patients. Int J Clin Pharm. 2019 Oct;41(5):1282-1289. doi: 10.1007/s11096-019-00878-4. Epub 2019 Jul 13. PubMed 31302884 ↗
  • Milazi M, Bonner A, Douglas C. Effectiveness of educational or behavioral interventions on adherence to phosphate control in adults receiving hemodialysis: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017 Apr;15(4):971-1010. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003360. PubMed 28398983 ↗
  • Fakih El Khoury C, Crutzen R, Schols JMGA, Halfens RJG, Karavetian M. A Dietary Mobile App for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Prospective Pilot Study to Improve Dietary Intakes. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jul 20;22(7):e17817. doi: 10.2196/17817. PubMed 32706698 ↗
  • Elder GJ, Malik A, Lambert K. Role of dietary phosphate restriction in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018 Dec;23(12):1107-1115. doi: 10.1111/nep.13188. PubMed 29064141 ↗
  • Reddy V, Symes F, Sethi N, Scally AJ, Scott J, Mumtaz R, Stoves J. Dietitian-led education program to improve phosphate control in a single-center hemodialysis population. J Ren Nutr. 2009 Jul;19(4):314-20. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2008.11.001. PubMed 19539185 ↗
  • Vrdoljak I, Panjkota Krbavcic I, Bituh M, Leko N, Pavlovic D, Vrdoljak Margeta T. The impact of education and cooking methods on serum phosphate levels in patients on hemodialysis: 1-year study. Hemodial Int. 2017 Apr;21(2):256-264. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12468. Epub 2016 Aug 16. PubMed 27528215 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 10, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04789876
Lead sponsor
Taylor's University
Responsible party
Tilakavati Karupaiah (SRI Professor, Taylor's University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 10, 2021
Start date
Nov 1, 2019
Primary completion
Feb 29, 2020
Completion
Feb 29, 2020
Last update
Mar 10, 2021

Study contacts

Tilakavati Karupaiah, PhD
principal investigator · Taylor's University
Teong Lee Fang, BSc
study chair · Taylor's University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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