An interventional study of Educational Brochure in Neuro-Degenerative Disease, Dementia and Caregiver Burnout, sponsored by University Health Network, Toronto. Status unknown at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 30 Years to 95 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-04-28.
Sponsored by University Health Network, Toronto · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
This study evaluates an educational brochure tailored to caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, Lewy body disease, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular disease dementia. The goal of the brochure is educating caregivers about the decreased ability to detect emotion and decreased empathy that can be seen in dementia, increasing caregiver competence in providing care, and teaching caregivers ways to manage over time that lessens burden and improves quality of life.
The 1.5-hour initial visit will involve the caregiver completing questionnaires, structured interviews, and a computer task, and the person with dementia completing a computer task. A 20-30 minute follow-up phone call with the caregiver one month after the initial visit will involve completing questionnaires.
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Exclusion Criteria:
The Interventional Arm will receive the educational brochure and complete the study tasks and questionnaires.
Behavioral: Educational Brochure
Educational brochure on decreased empathy and emotion recognition in patients with neurodegenerative disease
Abbreviated form of the Emotion Evaluation Test (EET) from The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT)
Subjects watch brief (∼ 20s) videos of actors performing semantically neutral scripts portraying one of the seven basic emotions (happy, surprised, neutral, sad, anxious, frightened, revolted), and must choose the correct emotion. The maximum score is 14 and lower scores on this test indicate greater impairment in emotion recognition. Patients and caregivers will be tested separately in a quiet room. No feedback is provided after each clip. Caregivers will be asked to predict the patient's response after each clip. A caregiver accuracy score will be computed by subtracting the patient's actual TASIT-EET score and the caregiver's predicted TASIT-EET score.
Time frame: Baseline Visit
Value of educational material
The caregivers will rate the brochure's quality by answering a 7-item questionnaire. The maximum score is 35, with higher scores indicating better quality and helpfulness of the educational brochure.
Time frame: Baseline Visit
Change in understanding before and after reading the educational material
The caregivers will rate their understanding of decreased empathy and emotion recognition changes in people with neurodegenerative disease by answering a 5-item questionnaire. The maximum score is 25 and higher scores will indicate that the caregiver perceives the patient as capable of recognizing the emotions of other people very well.
Time frame: Baseline Visit and 1 month after the Baseline visit
Caregiver empathy assessment of patient
Empathy will be evaluated using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which measures both the cognitive and emotional aspects of empathy. Informants fill out a 28-item self report questionnaire describing the subject's current characteristics. Scores range from 28-140. Higher scores indicate better performance.
Time frame: Baseline Visit
Caregiver functional assessment of patient
Functional capacity will be evaluated with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Informants fill out a 10-item questionnaire describing the patient's current functional capacity. Scores range from 0-30 with a cut-off score of 9 indicating impaired function and possible cognitive impairment.
Time frame: Baseline Visit
Caregiver neuropsychiatric assessment of patient
The neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) will be administered to caregivers to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in individuals with dementia. The NPI assesses the presence of the following NPS over the period of four weeks: delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression/dysphoria, anxiety, euphoria/elation, apathy indifference, disinhibition, irritability/lability, aberrant motor behaviour, sleep, and appetite and eating disorder. Caregivers are asked about the frequency (4-point scale) and severity (3-point scale) of these symptoms and on caregiver distress. A total score for each symptom is obtained by multiplying the frequency and severity score, giving a maximum score of 144 with higher scores reflecting increased frequency and severity of NPS. Lastly, caregiver distress is rated on a 6-point scale.
Time frame: Baseline Visit
Caregiver staging of dementia severity assessment of patient
The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) modified version assesses 8 domains of global dementia using a five-point scale, including: memory, orientation, judgment/problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, personal care, behavioural comportment and personality, and language. It is used as a staging scale to assess the severity of dementia. It is performed through a semi-structured analysis with a caregiver. The CDR sum of boxes will be used in the analysis. The maximum sum of boxes is 24 with higher scores showing increased impairment.
Time frame: Baseline Visit
Change in caregiver burden at 1 month
The Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) assesses caregiver burden in individuals caring for patients with dementia. The caregivers filled out a 22-item ZBI questionnaire to evaluate the amount of stress experienced by them due to the person's dementia. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale, and a total score is calculated by taking the sum of individual statements. The score ranges from 0-88 and higher scores on the ZBI indicates increased burden. The change in score from the initial appointment and 1 month follow up will be used in analysis.
Time frame: Baseline Visit and 1 month after the Baseline Visit
Change in caregiver mood symptoms at 1 month
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) assesses mood and depression in geriatric patients and will be used for caregivers 50 years old and above. Scores range from 0-15 with higher scores indicating greater symptoms of depression. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) assesses depression, anxiety, and stress and can be used in adults and geriatric patients. The DASS will be used for all caregivers aged 30 years and above. Scores range from 0-63 with higher scores indicating increased symptoms of depression. The change in score from the initial appointment and 1 month follow up will be used in analysis.
Time frame: Baseline Visit and 1 month after the Baseline Visit
Change in caregiver quality of life at 1 month
The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) is a 26-item, self-reported quality of life measure, which measures quality of life in four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. Answers are rated on a scale of 1-5, where numbers can be in order of increasing satisfaction or decreasing satisfaction depending on the domain and questionnaire item. The score range is from 26-130 with higher scores indicating increased quality of life satisfaction. The change in score from the initial appointment and 1 month follow up will be used in analysis.
Time frame: Baseline Visit and 1 month after the Baseline Visit
Recruitment Rate
Number of individuals signing consent/number of individuals approached
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Retention Rate
Number of those who remain in study/number of participants who have signed consent at the beginning of the study
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Completion Rate
Number of dyads with completed questionnaire/total subject population (For a questionnaire to be complete, every question must be answered).
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
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University Health Network, Toronto