CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04587154WAVSUpdated Jun 27, 2025

Womens Study to Alleviate Vasomotor Symptoms

An interventional study of low-fat vegan diet with 1/2 cup soybeans daily in Hot Flashes, sponsored by Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 40 Years to 60 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-27.

Sponsored by Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
80
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
40 Years to 60 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

This study tests the hypothesis that a low-fat, vegan diet including soybeans reduces the frequency and severity of menopausal hot flashes, and tests the hypothesis that total isoflavone intake is associated with the reduction in the frequency and severity of hot flashes.

Read the detailed description

Women with postmenopausal hot flashes will be recruited via social media and randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group will be asked to consume a low-fat, vegan diet including ½ cup (86g) cooked soybeans (30 g uncooked) for 12 weeks. Support will be provided by weekly meetings conducted via an Internet video conferencing platform (e.g., Zoom), along with individual counseling as needed. The control group will be asked to make no diet changes for 12 weeks but will be offered instruction in how to follow a vegan diet and about the potential role of soybeans after the 12-week point. The frequency and severity of hot flashes will be assessed before, during, and after the 12-week intervention.

02

Conditions studied

  • Hot Flashes

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Keywords

  • soy
  • menopause
  • hot flash
03

In context

Hot Flashes

285 studies on the registry are indexed under Hot Flashes; 50 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 80 is below the median of 90 across 255 interventional studies indexed under Hot Flashes.

Browse Hot Flashes studies →

Lead sponsor

Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is the lead sponsor of 32 studies on the registry; 4 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
40 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  1. Post-menopausal women aged 40-60 years
  2. English fluency
  3. Moderate-to-severe hot flashes experienced at least twice per day
  4. Started menopause within the last 10 years
  5. No menses in preceding 12 months
  6. Access to an iPhone or Android phone and willingness to install a hot-flash recording app.
  7. Willingness to participate in weekly classes
  8. Willingness to follow a low-fat vegan diet, including daily consumption of soybeans.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Use of hormonal medications in the preceding 2 months
  2. An explanation for hot flashes other than menopause (e.g., medication use, cancer treatment)
  3. Smoking during the past six months
  4. History of an eating disorder or evidence of a current eating disorder (as determined by an eating disorder diagnosis, the discretion of a qualified medical professional, or an Eating Attitudes Test-26 score >20)
  5. Alcohol consumption of more than 2 drinks per day or the equivalent, episodic increased drinking (e.g., more than 2 drinks per day on weekends), or a history of alcohol abuse or dependency followed by any current use
  6. Use of recreational drugs in the past 6 months
  7. Use of weight-loss medications over the last 6 months or a current attempt to lose weight
  8. Body Mass Index \< 18.5 kg/m2
  9. Soy allergy
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Investigator)
Enrollment
80 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention Group

    This arm will follow a low-fat vegan diet in addition to 1/2 a cup of cooked soybeans each day for the duration of the study. They will also weigh themselves each week, and report weight and hot flash frequency/severity weekly.

    Other: low-fat vegan diet with 1/2 cup soybeans daily

  • No intervention
    Control Group

    This arm will not change their diet for the duration of the study. They will also weigh themselves each week and report weight and hot flash frequency/severity weekly.

Interventions

  • Otherlow-fat vegan diet with 1/2 cup soybeans daily

    Weekly instructions will be given to the participants in the intervention group about following vegan diet with 1/2 cup of soybeans daily.

    Also known as: Vegan diet

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Rate of Hot Flash

    Incidents Induced by Menopause. Hot flashes will be recorded using the MyLuna application, available in the App Store for iPhone or Android.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  2. Menopause Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL)

    Participants will fill out a Menopause Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL)

    Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Weight Change

    Body weight changes, which will be measured weekly using a Renfro scale sent out to participants in both groups.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  2. Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)

    Explore the effectiveness of a vegan diet in reducing dietary AGEs.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  3. PDI, hPDI, uPDI

    Assess the total plant-based index (PDI), healthy PDI, and unhealthy PDI, and their relationship with weight loss.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  4. Ultraprocessed foods

    The consumption of ultraprocessed foods will be assessed, using the NOVA classification, at baseline and 16 weeks.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

  5. Carbon Footprint

    The greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cumulative energy demand (CED) will be assessed, using the database of Food Impacts on the Environment for Linking to Diets (dataFIELD) and What We Eat In America (WWEIA) database, at baseline and 16 weeks.

    Time frame: 16 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
    Washington D.C., District of Columbia 20016, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Response to Women's Health Initiative Study Results by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, August 9, 2002. Internet: http://www.losolivos-obgyn.com/info/gynecology/menopause/acog_whi_2002.pdf
  • Lock M. Menopause: lessons from anthropology. Psychosom Med. 1998 Jul-Aug;60(4):410-9. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199807000-00005. PubMed 9710286 ↗
  • Melby MK. Vasomotor symptom prevalence and language of menopause in Japan. Menopause. 2005 May-Jun;12(3):250-7. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000146108.27840.d9?. PubMed 15879913 ↗
  • Shea JL. Cross-cultural comparison of women's midlife symptom-reporting: a China study. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;30(3):331-62. doi: 10.1007/s11013-006-9020-4. PubMed 17048096 ↗
  • Melby MK, Lock M, Kaufert P. Culture and symptom reporting at menopause. Hum Reprod Update. 2005 Sep-Oct;11(5):495-512. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmi018. Epub 2005 May 26. PubMed 15919681 ↗
  • Beyene Y, Martin MC. Menopausal experiences and bone density of Mayan women in Yucatan, Mexico. Am J Hum Biol. 2001 Jul-Aug;13(4):505-11. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1082. PubMed 11400221 ↗
  • Nagata C, Shimizu H, Takami R, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K. Hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in relation to soy product intake in Japanese women. Climacteric. 1999 Mar;2(1):6-12. doi: 10.3109/13697139909025557. PubMed 11910681 ↗
  • Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kawakami N, Shimizu H. Soy product intake and hot flashes in Japanese women: results from a community-based prospective study. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Apr 15;153(8):790-3. doi: 10.1093/aje/153.8.790. PubMed 11296152 ↗
  • Murkies AL, Lombard C, Strauss BJ, Wilcox G, Burger HG, Morton MS. Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flushes: effect of soy and wheat. Maturitas. 2008 Sep-Oct;61(1-2):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.09.007. PubMed 19434877 ↗
  • Lewis JE, Nickell LA, Thompson LU, Szalai JP, Kiss A, Hilditch JR. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary soy and flaxseed muffins on quality of life and hot flashes during menopause. Menopause. 2006 Jul-Aug;13(4):631-42. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000191882.59799.67. PubMed 16837885 ↗
  • Lethaby A, Marjoribanks J, Kronenberg F, Roberts H, Eden J, Brown J. Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 10;2013(12):CD001395. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub4. PubMed 24323914 ↗
  • Franco OH, Chowdhury R, Troup J, Voortman T, Kunutsor S, Kavousi M, Oliver-Williams C, Muka T. Use of Plant-Based Therapies and Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Jun 21;315(23):2554-63. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.8012. PubMed 27327802 ↗
  • Thurston RC, Joffe H. Vasomotor symptoms and menopause: findings from the Study of Women's Health across the Nation. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011 Sep;38(3):489-501. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.006. PubMed 21961716 ↗
  • Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med. 1982 Nov;12(4):871-8. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700049163. PubMed 6961471 ↗
  • Svendsen K, Henriksen HB, Ostengen B, Jacobs DR Jr, Telle-Hansen VH, Carlsen MH, Retterstol K. Evaluation of a short Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess cardiovascular disease-related diet and lifestyle factors. Food Nutr Res. 2018 Apr 19;62. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1370. eCollection 2018. PubMed 29720928 ↗
  • Hilditch JR, Lewis J, Peter A, van Maris B, Ross A, Franssen E, Guyatt GH, Norton PG, Dunn E. A menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Maturitas. 1996 Jul;24(3):161-75. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5122(96)82006-8. PubMed 8844630 ↗
  • Lewis JE, Hilditch JR, Wong CJ. Further psychometric property development of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire and development of a modified version, MENQOL-Intervention questionnaire. Maturitas. 2005 Mar 14;50(3):209-21. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.06.015. PubMed 15734602 ↗
  • Kahleova H, Znayenko-Miller T, Holubkov R, Barnard ND. Isoflavones and changes in body weight and severe hot flashes in postmenopausal women: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Maturitas. 2025 Sep;200:108661. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108661. Epub 2025 Jul 5. PubMed 40663878 ↗
  • Brennan H, Znayenko-Miller T, Sutton M, Holubkov R, Barnard ND, Kahleova H. Diet quality, body weight, and postmenopausal hot flashes: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. BMC Womens Health. 2024 Nov 23;24(1):620. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03467-4. PubMed 39580383 ↗
  • Kahleova H, Znayenko-Miller T, Uribarri J, Schmidt N, Kolipaka S, Hata E, Holtz DN, Sutton M, Holubkov R, Barnard ND. Dietary advanced glycation end-products and postmenopausal hot flashes: A post-hoc analysis of a 12-week randomized clinical trial. Maturitas. 2023 Jun;172:32-38. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.03.008. Epub 2023 Mar 24. PubMed 37084590 ↗
  • Barnard ND, Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Znayenko-Miller T, Sutton M, Holubkov R, Zhao X, Galandi S, Setchell KDR. A dietary intervention for vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a randomized, controlled trial. Menopause. 2023 Jan 1;30(1):80-87. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002080. Epub 2022 Oct 16. PubMed 36253903 ↗
  • Barnard ND, Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Del Aguila F, Neola M, Crosby LM, Holubkov R. The Women's Study for the Alleviation of Vasomotor Symptoms (WAVS): a randomized, controlled trial of a plant-based diet and whole soybeans for postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2021 Jul 12;28(10):1150-1156. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001812. PubMed 34260478 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 27, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04587154
Lead sponsor
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 14, 2020
Start date
Sep 9, 2020
Primary completion
Jul 31, 2021
Completion
Jul 31, 2021
Last update
Jun 27, 2025

Study contacts

Neal Barnard, MD, FACC
principal investigator · President

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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