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CompletedNCT04560361Updated Sep 10, 2026

The Analgesic Effect of Electroacupuncture on Postherpetic Neuralgia

An interventional study of Electroacupuncture treatment and Sham electroacupuncture treatment in Postherpetic Neuralgia, sponsored by Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Completed at 7 sites in China. Open to participants aged 45 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-10.

Sponsored by Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
448
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
45 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The investigators designed the multicenter randomized parallel controlled clinical trial of electroacupuncture on PHN which is rigorously designed and have an appropriate sample size, aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in pain relieving and pain removing in the treatment of patients with PHN.

Read the detailed description

Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN) is the most common complication of herpes zoster, is a severe and intractable pain with a high incidence. Nearly 50% of PHN patients have experienced persistent pain for more than one year. Although it is not directly life-threatening, will lead to sleep disorders, even depression, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. This project is a multi-center randomized controlled trial, which will recruit 448 patients with PHN in 7 hospitals, aiming to evaluate the analgesic effect and safety of electroacupuncture on postherpetic neuralgia, and provide evidence-based medical evidence for electroacupuncture treatment of PHN.

02

Conditions studied

  • Postherpetic Neuralgia

Keywords

  • Electroacupuncture
  • Postherpetic Neuralgia
  • Analgesic effect
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
45 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for postherpetic neuralgia (with a clear history of acute herpes zoster, and the duration of postherpetic pain exceeds 90 days)
  • Aged 45 to 75 years old
  • Patients who were diagnosed with moderate or above pain during the observation period (the daily pain score was continuously collected within 7 days during the observation period, and the average NRS-11 pain score was >=4)
  • Subjects who did not participate in other ongoing clinical studies
  • Sign informed consent and volunteer to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who are currently receiving or receiving more than one of the "permitted combinations" or any "prohibited combination and treatment" for PHN listed in the following part at least 14 days before screening, and are unwilling to undergo washout period, or patients with serious safety problems during washout period or observation period
  • Patients who are expected to receive any new prescription drug or other treatment for PHN after the start of the trial
  • Patients with serious uncontrolled medical conditions, such as cardiovascular, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, metabolism, endocrine, nervous system, respiratory system, urogenital system and other serious diseases, or systemic organ dysfunction, malignant tumor, hematologic disease such as bleeding tendency or coagulation dysfunction, serious mental illness such as depression or schizophrenia Symptoms, hepatitis B antigen or hepatitis C antibody positive known state or history of immune dysfunction, history of HIV infection, etc.
  • Patients with severe pain unrelated to PHN, such as after surgery for clinical major diseases
  • Patients with PHN who have received nerve intervention or other neurosurgical treatment, such as selective nerve damage, percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation or pulsed nerve modulation technology, etc.
  • Patients with some special types of herpes zoster, such as those with meninges, cornea, conjunctiva, ear involvement, visceral herpes zoster, generalized herpes zoster
  • Patients with skin ulceration, new herpes, or skin infection
  • Patients with cardiac pacemaker, metal allergy or severe fear of needle
  • Patients who are unable to give full informed consent or cannot cooperate with pain scale assessment due to mental, mental, linguistic or behavioral disorders
  • Patients who have poor compliance or are prone to fall off due to other reasons, such as the current residence is not in the city where the recruitment hospital is located, or the working environment changes frequently
  • Pregnant and lactating women
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
448 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Electroacupuncture group

    Choose the appropriate position according to the patient's herpes site, and routinely disinfect the skin. Paste the fixed insulating pad on the acupoint, and use a 0.30×40mm acupuncture needle to penetrate the skin 10mm obliquely through the fixed insulating gasket at Ashi point; According to the above operation, the SJ6 and GB34 point of the affected side are directly penetrated into the skin 15-20mm. The local Ashi point connects the two poles of the electroacupuncture device according to the first and last points of the long axis of the painful part, and the SJ6 and GB34 point on the affected side are connected to the poles of the electroacupuncture device. Electroacupuncture waveform is continuous wave, frequency is 2Hz, and current intensity is 1-5mA (causing slight tremor of the skin around the acupuncture point without pain). Continue the electroacupuncture treatment for 30 minutes.

    Other: Electroacupuncture treatment

  • Sham comparator
    Sham electroacupuncture group

    Participants randomly assigned to the sham electroacupuncture (SA) group received sham electroacupuncture by using placebo blunt needles at the same acupoints. After disinfecting the skin and placing the sterile insulating adhesive pads on unilateral Zhigou, Yanglingquan and Ashi points, placebo blunt needles are inserted through the pads and reach the insulating adhesive layer, causing the participants to feel the needle resistance (a sensation of needle insertion). Other procedures, electrode placements, parameter of electroacupuncture apparatus and treatment settings are the same as in the EA group, but with no skin penetration or electricity output.

    Other: Sham electroacupuncture treatment

Interventions

  • OtherElectroacupuncture treatment

    Continue the electroacupuncture treatment as described above for 30 minutes.

  • OtherSham electroacupuncture treatment

    Continue the sham electroacupuncture treatment as described above for 30 minutes.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in pain intensity (NRS-11)

    11-point numeric rating scale (NRS-11): range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), with 1-3 points representing mild pain, 4-6 points representing moderate pain, and 7-10 points representing severe pain. A reduction of ≥30% in NRS-11 scores from baseline were considered responders.

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4 weeks after treatment

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in pain intensity (NRS-11)

    The NRS-11 score ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), with 1-3 points representing mild pain, 4-6 points representing moderate pain, and 7-10 points representing severe pain.

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 1-month follow-up.

  2. Change in pain intensity (VAS)

    Visual analogue scale (VAS): a horizontal line without verbal descriptors or numbers at intermediate points (0=no pain, 10=worst imaginable pain)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  3. Interference of pain on sleep

    Verbal rating scale (VRS): 4 levels. 1. Level 0: No pain. 2. Level I (mild): Pain but tolerable, normal life, no interference with sleep. 3. Level II (moderate): Pain is obvious, unbearable, requires analgesic medication, and sleep is disturbed. 4. Level III: Severe pain, unbearable, analgesic medication, severe interference with sleep, accompanied by autonomic dysfunction or passive positions.

    Time frame: 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  4. Change in mechanical pain threshold (MPT)

    Stimulated the most painful central part of PHN with a series of von Frey hairs (0.008-300 g).

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  5. Change in pain area of PHN (PAP)

    calculated by the researcher based on 45 body areas rating scale (BARS-45) which requires the use of height and weight of the patient.

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  6. Average number of pain episodes per day

    Painless: 0 times; Intermittent pain: 1-50 times (1-2, 3-5, 6-10, 11-50 optional); Persistent pain: \>50 times.

    Time frame: 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  7. Average duration of each pain episode (ADEPE)

    Duration ranges from 0 minutes (no pain) to 24 hours (persistent pain).

    Time frame: 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  8. Change in the nature and intensity of pain

    short form of McGill pain questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2): includes 22 items.

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  9. Change in degree of pain and its impact on work life, interpersonal relationships and sleep

    Zoster brief pain inventory (ZBPI)

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  10. Change in depression, anxiety and positive outlook scale (DAPOS)

    11 items, combines depression (5 items), anxiety (3 items) and positive outlook (3 items).

    Time frame: Change from Baseline at 4 weeks after treatment and 1-month follow-up.

  11. Overall impression of PHN

    Patient global impression of change (PGIC): Participants were asked to describe their overall impression of change of their condition/pain by answering the following question: "Compared to your pain at admission to the project, how much has it changed?" (categories: much improved = 1, mildly improved = 2, unchanged = 3, mildly worsened = 4, much worsened = 5).

    Time frame: Week 4 and week 8.

06

Study locations

7 sites
  • Huai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China
  • Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222004, China
  • Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
    Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, China
  • Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
    Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
  • Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
  • Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Suqian, Jiangsu 223600, China
  • Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Wuxi, Jiangsu 214071, China
07

References and documents

Publications

  • van Hecke O, Austin SK, Khan RA, Smith BH, Torrance N. Neuropathic pain in the general population: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Pain. 2014 Apr;155(4):654-662. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.11.013. Epub 2013 Nov 26. PubMed 24291734 ↗
  • Kawai K, Gebremeskel BG, Acosta CJ. Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective. BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 10;4(6):e004833. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004833. PubMed 24916088 ↗
  • Wang L, Qiu L, Zheng X, Ouyang J, Zhang M, He L, Zeng S, Liu B, Peng J. Effectiveness of electroacupuncture at Jiaji acupoints (EX-B2), plus moxibustion and intermediate on postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020 Feb;40(1):121-127. PubMed 32227773 ↗
  • Wu CH, Lv ZT, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Li JQ, Gao F, Meng XF, Tian B, Shi J, Pan HL, Li M. Electroacupuncture improves thermal and mechanical sensitivities in a rat model of postherpetic neuralgia. Mol Pain. 2013 Apr 3;9:18. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-18. PubMed 23551937 ↗
  • Pei W, Zeng J, Lu L, Lin G, Ruan J. Is acupuncture an effective postherpetic neuralgia treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2019 Jul 16;12:2155-2165. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S199950. eCollection 2019. PubMed 31410050 ↗
  • Werner RN, Nikkels AF, Marinovic B, Schafer M, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Agius AM, Bata-Csorgo Z, Breuer J, Girolomoni G, Gross GE, Langan S, Lapid-Gortzak R, Lesser TH, Pleyer U, Sellner J, Verjans GM, Wutzler P, Dressler C, Erdmann R, Rosumeck S, Nast A. European consensus-based (S2k) Guideline on the Management of Herpes Zoster - guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), Part 1: Diagnosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017 Jan;31(1):9-19. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13995. Epub 2016 Nov 2. PubMed 27804172 ↗
  • Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kaasa S; European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC). Studies comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Jun;41(6):1073-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016. PubMed 21621130 ↗
  • Chen L, Liu Q, Pei L, Geng H, Liu Y, Yang Z, Ding M, Shen R, Chen M, Lu J, You D, Wu X, Zhou J, Hu L, Guo B, Sun S, Chen F, Zhao Z, Zhai Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Yao W, Feng H, Lu C, Liu Y, Shi J, Guo J, Sun J. Effect of Electroacupuncture on Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2026 Jul 1;83(7):667-676. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2026.1443. PubMed 42189557 ↗
  • Liu Q, Wu X, Guo J, Gao J, Liu B, Wang Y, Xia M, Pei L, Sun J. Analgesic Effect of Electroacupuncture on Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Trial Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Ther. 2021 Dec;10(2):1755-1771. doi: 10.1007/s40122-021-00283-8. Epub 2021 Jul 12. PubMed 34254233 ↗

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Apr 15, 2021

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Case Report Form, Electronic Data Capture(EDC)

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap, Icf

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04560361
Lead sponsor
Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Responsible party
Qianyan Liu (Principal Investigator, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 23, 2020
Start date
Oct 14, 2020
Primary completion
Aug 27, 2022
Completion
Sep 28, 2022
Last update
Sep 10, 2026

Study contacts

Jianhua Sun
study director · Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Wenping Yao
principal investigator · Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Yongtao Liu
principal investigator · Huai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Juanjuan Shi
principal investigator · Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
Hua Feng
principal investigator · Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Chunxia Lu
principal investigator · Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Yanfang Liu
principal investigator · Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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