ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04180397GODIFUpdated Jun 3, 2026

Controlled Fluid Removal in Critical Ill Patients With Fluid Overload in the Intensive Care Unit.

A Phase 4 interventional study of Furosemide and Isotonic saline in Fluid Overload, sponsored by Morten H. Bestle. Recruiting at 29 sites in 9 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-03.

Sponsored by Morten H. Bestle · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Aug 2020; still recruiting 6 years 2 months later.
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1,000
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 14 studies testing furosemide in Edema — 6 open to participants now, 6 under way, 1 of them phase 3. Furosemide · Edema.

Planned enrollment
Largest of 14
1,000 · median 87
Started
2020
the only one that year
Phase 4
7 of 14
3 open now
Registered
8th of 14
by date
Lead sponsor
1 of 14
Morten H. Bestle

Among the 14 studies testing furosemide in Edema, this one has the largest planned enrollment, is the only one that started in 2020, is one of 7 in phase 4, and was the 8th registered.

Edema

566 studies on the registry are indexed under Edema; 95 are open to participants now.

Browse Edema studies →

Open to participants now

6 of the 14 studies testing furosemide in Edema are open now, in 12 countries. Recruiting first, the newest first:

By country, each count listing its studies:

All 6 open studies →

About furosemide

Furosemide: first FDA approval 1966 (LASIX), first EMA approval 2026. What it is approved for, and how studies give it, is on its page →

Who these studies take

Of the 56 Edema studies recruiting now, 34 (61%) set no upper age limit and 16 (29%) stop at 75 or younger; 8 take children under 18; 4 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 14 studies testing furosemide in Edema, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

This study evaluates the benefits and harms of goal directed fluid removal with furosemide versus placebo in critical ill adult patients with fluid overload in the intensive care unit. Half of the patients will receive furosemide and the other half placebo. The treatment will continue until the excess fluid is excreted.

Read the detailed description

Fluid overload is a common and serious complication in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A core element of therapy in the ICU is resuscitation with crystalloid solutions. In many cases fluid accumulate, and patients become fluid overloaded. Several observational studies indicate a detrimental effect of fluid overload in different clinical settings, including patients with acute kidney injury. It is unknown whether this association is causal or if the increased tendency to accumulate fluid is a marker of disease severity and thereby a higher risk of death. The investigators want to investigate this in critical ill patients with fluid overload of 5% or more by randomizing them to furosemide (diuretics) or placebo.

03

Conditions studied

  • Fluid Overload

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Fluid overload
  • Fluid removal
  • Deresusciation
  • Diuretics
  • Fluid accumulation
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria: ALL below must be met.

  • Acute admission to the intensive care unit.
  • Age ≥ 18 years of age
  • Fluid overload ≥ 5% of ideal body weight. If possible, all fluids administered before admission to the intensive care unit are to be included in the calculation of cumulative fluid balance.
  • Clinical stable (minimum criteria: MAP > 50 mmHg and maximum infusion of 20 microgram/kg/minute of noradrenaline and lactate \< 4.0 mmol/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known allergy to furosemide or sulphonamides.
  • Known pre-hospitalization advanced chronic kidney disease ( \< 30 mL/minute/1.73 m\^2 or chronic RRT).
  • Ongoing renal replacement therapy.
  • Anuria > 6 hours.
  • Rhabdomyolysis with indication for forced diuresis
  • Ongoing life-threatening bleeding as these patients need specific fluid/blood product strategies.
  • Acute burn injury of more than 10% of the body surface area as these patients need a specific fluid strategy.
  • Severe dysnatremia (p-Na \< 120 or > 155 mmol/L) as these patients need a specific fluid strategy.
  • Severe hepatic failure as per the clinical team.
  • Patients undergoing forced treatment.
  • Fertile women (women \< 50 years) with positive urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or plasma-hCG.
  • Consent not obtainable as per the model approved for the specific trial site.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
1,000 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Furosemide

    Bolus of 5-40 mg (0.5 - 4 ml) of furosemide iv at physicians discretion followed by infusion of furosemide. Infusion rate: 0-40 mg/hour. Starting rate: 20 mg/hour. The infusion is adjusted according effect. Target is a negative fluid balance of 1 ml/kg/hour. The fluid balance is calculated 3 times a dag at 6:00 am, 2:00 pm and 10:00 pm. Goal directed fluid removal is stopped when the fluid balance is assessed neutral.

    Drug: Furosemide

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Isotonic saline dosed the same way and by the same algorithm as for furosemide. Start bolus of 0.5-4 ml at physicians discretion. Infusion rate: 0 - 4 ml/hour. Infusion is started at 2 ml/hour and adjusted according to effect. Target is a negative fluid balance of 1 ml/kg/hour. The fluid balance is calculated 3 times a dag at 6:00 am, 2:00 pm and 10:00 pm. Goal directed fluid removal is stopped when the fluid balance is assessed neutral.

    Drug: Isotonic saline

Interventions

  • Furosemide 10 mg/ml for injection/infusion

    Also known as: Furix

  • DrugIsotonic saline

    Isotonic saline used as placebo (injection/infusion)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Days alive and out of hospital

    Days alive and out of hospital

    Time frame: 90 days after randomization

Secondary outcomes

  1. All cause mortality

    All cause mortality

    Time frame: 90 days after randomization

  2. Mortality and life support

    Days alive without life support without life support (vasopressor/inotropic support, invasive mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy)

    Time frame: 90 days after randomization

  3. Mortality 1 year

    All cause mortality

    Time frame: one year after randomization

  4. Serious adverse events and reactions

    Number of participants with one or more serious adverse events and serious adverse reactions

    Time frame: 90 days

  5. Health related quality of life

    Measured using the European quality of Life 5D-5L questionnaire (5D-5L is the full name of the questionnaire). Index value of 1 represents full health and dead = 0. These value sets reflect the preferences of the general population. The European quality of life visual analogue scale is a self-reported assessment of the participant's health status. Scores on 100 = the best health you can imagine and 0 = the worst health you can imagine.

    Time frame: 1 year after randomization

  6. Cognitive function

    Cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. Using the mini test for telephone interview. The test and scoring system will soon be published from Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

    Time frame: 1 year after randomization

  7. Health related quality of life

    Subjective assessment (unacceptable, neutral, acceptable)

    Time frame: 1 year after randomization

07

Study locations

19 of 29 sites recruiting
  • Department of Intensive Care, Liverpool Hospital
    Sydney, Australia
    Recruiting
    • Anders Aneman, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Royal North Shore Hospital
    Sydney, Australia
    Recruiting
    • Anthony Delaney, Ass. professor · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Ostrava
    Ostrava, Czechia
    Not yet recruiting
    • Jan Máca, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Pilsen
    Pilsen, Czechia
    Recruiting
    • Marek Nalos, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, IKEM
    Prague, Czechia
    Recruiting
    • Petr Piza, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Sygehus Sønderjylland Aabenraa
    Aabenraa, Denmark
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Departmen of Intensive Care
    Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Meike T Behazadi, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital
    Aarhus, Denmark
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Department of Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet
    Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Anders Bastiansen, MD · Principal investigator
  • Departement of Intensive Care, Gentofte Hospital
    Gentofte Municipality, Denmark
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Department of Intensive Care, Herlev Hospital
    Herlev, 2730, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Anne Sofie Andreasen, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Regionshospital Gødstrup
    Herning, 7400, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Thomas Troelsen, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Nordsjællands hospital
    Hillerød, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Sine Wichmann, MD, PhD, Ass. professor · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Regionshospital Nordjylland Hjørring
    Hjørring, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Kjeld Damgaard, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care
    Kolding, 6000, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Anne C Brøchner, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Zealand University hospital
    Køge, 4600, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Lars Nebrich, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care
    Odense, 5000, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Louise G Nielsen, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Regionshospitalet Randers
    Randers, 8930, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Marianne Vang, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Zealand, Roskilde
    Roskilde, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Thomas Hildebrandt, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care
    Vejle, 7100, Denmark
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Regionshospitalet Viborg
    Viborg, 8800, Denmark
    Recruiting
    • Christoffer Grant Sølling, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital
    Tampere, 33520, Finland
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Department of Intensive Care
    Turku, Finland
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Department of Intensive Care, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland
    Reykjavik, Iceland
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics
    Vilnius, Lithuania
    Recruiting
    • Ieva Jovaišienė, Professor · Principal investigator
  • Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen
    Groningen, Netherlands
    Recruiting
    • Eric Keus, MD · Principal investigator
  • Department of Intensive Care, Ålesund Sjukehus
    Ålesund, Norway
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Department of Intensive Care, Stavanger University Hospital
    Stavanger, 4068, Norway
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital
    Bern, Switzerland
    Recruiting
    • Carmen Pfortmueller, MD, PhD · Contact
    • Jan Waskowski, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Wichmann S, Lange T, Perner A, Gluud C, Itenov TS, Berthelsen RE, Nebrich L, Wiis J, Brochner AC, Nielsen LG, Behzadi MT, Damgaard K, Andreasen AS, Strand K, Jarvisalo M, Strom T, Eschen CT, Vang ML, Hildebrandt T, Andersen FH, Sigurdsson MI, Thomar KM, Thygesen SK, Troelsen TT, Uusalo P, Jalkanen V, Illum D, Solling C, Keus F, Pfortmueller CA, Wahlin RR, Ostermann M, Aneman A, Bestle MH. Furosemide versus placebo for fluid overload in intensive care patients-The randomised GODIF trial second version: Statistical analysis plan. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2024 Jan;68(1):130-136. doi: 10.1111/aas.14320. Epub 2023 Sep 11. PubMed 37691474 ↗
  • Wichmann S, Itenov TS, Berthelsen RE, Lange T, Perner A, Gluud C, Lawson-Smith P, Nebrich L, Wiis J, Brochner AC, Hildebrandt T, Behzadi MT, Strand K, Andersen FH, Strom T, Jarvisalo M, Damgaard KAJ, Vang ML, Wahlin RR, Sigurdsson MI, Thormar KM, Ostermann M, Keus F, Bestle MH. Goal directed fluid removal with furosemide versus placebo in intensive care patients with fluid overload: A trial protocol for a randomised, blinded trial (GODIF trial). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022 Oct;66(9):1138-1145. doi: 10.1111/aas.14121. Epub 2022 Aug 9. PubMed 35898170 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — will be made available on reasonable request after the primary results are published

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Aug 2020 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Apr 2027, 80 months after the start.

Of 28 phase 4 interventional studies under Edema, half reached primary completion within 30 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 74. This study's planned 80 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 25, 2019
First posted
Nov 27, 2019
StartActual
Aug 17, 2020
Primary completionEst.
Apr 30, 2027
CompletionEst.
Apr 15, 2028
Last update
Jun 3, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 3, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04180397
Lead sponsor
Morten H. Bestle
Collaborators
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Centre for Research in Intensive Care (CRIC)
Responsible party
Morten H. Bestle (Senior staff specialist and Professor, Nordsjaellands Hospital) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Nov 27, 2019
Start date
Aug 17, 2020
Primary completion
Apr 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Apr 15, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 3, 2026

Study contacts

Sine Wichmann, MD
Contact
sine.wichmann@regionh.dk
+45 26142620
Morten Bestle, MD
Contact
morten.bestle@regionh.dk
+45 41951195
Morten Bestle, MD
study chair · Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine Nordsjællands hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Furosemide

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