ClinicalTrials.gg
Status unknownNCT04156477MARKUpdated Nov 15, 2019

Markers of Appetite Regulation During Exogenous Ketosis

An interventional study of Ketone ester and Glucose in Ketosis, sponsored by Central Jutland Regional Hospital. Status unknown at 1 site in Denmark. Open to male participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-11-15.

Sponsored by Central Jutland Regional Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified Oct 2019), so the status shown — last known as Active, not recruiting — may be out of date.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
10
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
Male
01

Study summary

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship, if any, between markers of satiety, desire to eat, hunger, and metabolic markers of the regulation hereof during ketosis as compared with a Glucose-containing and a Placebo drink adjusted for taste.

Read the detailed description

All subjects are, in random order, tested on three separate occasions with intake of weight adjusted and taste matched drink of i) a ketone ester, and ii) an isocaloric and -volumetric glucose drink, or iii) an isovolumetric tap water drink.

Subjects are studied for five hours with baseline and blood sampling on multiple occasions. A satiety questionaire are included.

Subjects are recruited through notice on website for this purpose. Sample size calculations were performed prior to inclusion (n=10). According to protocolized statistical plan, missing data will not be replaced and no imputation will occur. Data will be analyzed by applying a repeated measurements multilevel model with intervention, time and their interactions as categorical factors. Effects size are adjusted for small sample size.

02

Conditions studied

  • Ketosis

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03

In context

Ketosis

195 studies on the registry are indexed under Ketosis; 41 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 10 is below the median of 24 across 156 interventional studies indexed under Ketosis.

Browse Ketosis studies →

Lead sponsor

Central Jutland Regional Hospital is the lead sponsor of 32 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Males aged 18-65 years
  • BMI 20-35 kg/m2
  • Expected ease of catheter insertion
  • Oral and written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to fully understand the consent including consent forms
  • Inability to cooperate to the trial
  • Any electrolyte disorders, kidney disease or otherwise compromised renal function including excess risk hereof, e.g. hypertension, albuminuria, autoimmune disease, family history of kidney disease
  • Any liver or bile disease including excess risk hereof, e.g. hepatotoxic drugs, alcohol abuse disorder, gallstones, pancreatitis, autoimmune disease, family history of liver disease
  • Diabetes mellitus or any metabolic and/or hormonal disease including diagnosed/undiagnosed reactive hypoglycemia or similar disorders. This includes treatment with drugs, dietary supplement with inference on key metabolic or hormonal markers, e.g. insulin, glukagon, lipids, and GLP-1
  • Any use of illegal or otherwise use of medicinal products without prescription
  • Anemia or other know disease of the hematopoietic system
  • Previous bariatric surgery
  • Previous myocardial infarction or uncontrolled myocardial ischemia
  • Recent intended/unintended weight loss
  • Allergies to catheters or adhesives
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
10 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Ketone ester

    Intake of a ketogenic drink.

    Dietary Supplement: Ketone ester

  • Active comparator
    Isocaloric and -volumetric glucose drink

    Intake of a taste matched glucogenic drink.

    Dietary Supplement: Glucose

  • Placebo comparator
    Isovolumetric tap water drink

    Intake of a taste matched tap water drink.

    Dietary Supplement: Tap water

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementKetone ester

    Intake of weight adjusted drink of a ketone ester

  • Dietary supplementGlucose

    Isocaloric and - volumetric taste adjusted drink

  • Dietary supplementTap water

    Isovolumetric taste adjusted tap water (placebo)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. GLP-1 concentration

    Development of GLP-1 concentration during ketosis as compared after intake of a ketogenic vs a glucogenic drink vs a control drink, respectively.

    Time frame: 5 hours

  2. Acyl ghrelin concentration

    Development of acyl ghrelin concentration during ketosis as compared after intake of a ketogenic vs a glucogenic drink vs a control drink, respectively.

    Time frame: 5 hours

Secondary outcomes

  1. Satiety, desire to eat, and perceived hunger sensation

    Scores of satiety, desire to eat, and perceived hunger sensation during intervention all measured on a scale from 1-100 where 1 is the lowest score and 100 the highest.

    Time frame: 5 hours

  2. Glucose concentration

    Development of glucose concentration during ketosis as compared after intake of a ketogenic vs a glucogenic drink vs a control drink, respectively.

    Time frame: 5 hours

  3. Insulin concentration

    Development of insulin concentration during ketosis as compared after intake of a ketogenic vs a glucogenic drink vs a control drink, respectively.

    Time frame: 5 hours

  4. Free fatty acids concentration

    Development of free fatty acids concentration during ketosis as compared after intake of a ketogenic vs a glucogenic drink vs a control drink, respectively.

    Time frame: 5 hours

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Regionshospitalet Viborg
    Viborg, 8800, Denmark
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Laeger T, Metges CC, Kuhla B. Role of beta-hydroxybutyric acid in the central regulation of energy balance. Appetite. 2010 Jun;54(3):450-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.005. Epub 2010 Apr 21. PubMed 20416348 ↗
  • Stubbs BJ, Cox PJ, Evans RD, Santer P, Miller JJ, Faull OK, Magor-Elliott S, Hiyama S, Stirling M, Clarke K. On the Metabolism of Exogenous Ketones in Humans. Front Physiol. 2017 Oct 30;8:848. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00848. eCollection 2017. PubMed 29163194 ↗
  • Myette-Cote E, Neudorf H, Rafiei H, Clarke K, Little JP. Prior ingestion of exogenous ketone monoester attenuates the glycaemic response to an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy young individuals. J Physiol. 2018 Apr 15;596(8):1385-1395. doi: 10.1113/JP275709. Epub 2018 Mar 2. PubMed 29446830 ↗
  • Svart M, Rittig N, Luong TV, Gopalasingam N, Vestergaard ET, Gormsen L, Sondergaard E, Thomsen HH, Gravholt CH. Three Weeks on a Ketogenic Diet Reduces Free Testosterone and Free Estradiol in Middle-Aged Obese Men and Women. J Nutr Metab. 2024 Aug 6;2024:9301369. doi: 10.1155/2024/9301369. eCollection 2024. PubMed 39139216 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Oct 2019 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2019, 2 months after the start.

Of 76 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Ketosis, half reached primary completion within 14 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 25. This study's planned 2 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 79 studies reached it within 14 months; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 24.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 18, 2019
First posted
Nov 7, 2019
StartActual
Oct 24, 2019
Primary completionEst.
Dec 2019
CompletionEst.
Dec 2019
Last update
Nov 15, 2019
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 15, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04156477
Lead sponsor
Central Jutland Regional Hospital
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Nov 7, 2019
Start date
Oct 24, 2019
Primary completion
Dec 2019 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2019 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 15, 2019

Study contacts

Henrik H Thomsen, M.D., PhD
principal investigator · Viborg Region Hospital, Central Jutland

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is status unknown, as verified in Oct 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Studies of the drug tested here: Beta-hydroxybutyrate-1,3-butanediol monoester

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