CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04092946Updated Apr 11, 2023

Digital Home-based Rehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Disorders

An interventional study of Digital intervention in Musculoskeletal Diseases, sponsored by Sword Health, SA. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-04-11.

Sponsored by Sword Health, SA · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
48,774
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to assess the acceptance, engagement and outcomes of a digital care program for acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions affecting the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle and spine.

Read the detailed description

SWORD Health has developed a novel digital biofeedback system for home-based physical rehabilitation - SWORD Phoenix- which is an FDA-listed class I medical device. The company has previously conducted two pilot studies (NCT03047252; NCT03045549) comparing a digital rehabilitation program using this device against conventional face-to-face physical therapy. These studies have proven the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of this medical device on rehabilitation after total knee and hip arthroplasty.

SWORD Health is now seeking additional validation of its digital programs on acute and chronic MSK conditions, to assess the acceptance, engagement and outcomes of these clinical programs. This study will also unveil disease-specific human motion patterns that may be used to inform the development of new diagnostic and treatment tools.

Data to be collected on every individual undergoing our programs includes:

  1. data that is sourced from the subject through online assessment forms
  2. data that is sourced from the subject, collected by the physical therapist managing that subject (i.e. suggestions for improvement);
  3. data that is generated by the physical therapist through interaction with the web-based Portal (i.e. session composition in terms of exercises, sets, repetitions, usage or not of external resistance)
  4. data generated by the patient through interaction with the mobile app (i.e. pain and fatigue levels, satisfaction)
  5. data that is generated automatically by the medical device (i.e. range of motion, compliance)

Collection and objective analysis of the collected data will allow:

  1. Monitoring of user needs, engagement and satisfaction to guide further improvements;
  2. Analysis of the effectiveness of these digital care programs;
  3. Correlation of results with patient's demographic and clinical profiles;
  4. Compilation of patient cohorts to increase and disseminate knowledge on each disorder, its progression and response to physical therapy programs;
  5. Explore the cost-efficiency of these digital programs
  6. Development of novel intelligent tools to assist therapists with patient management.
02

Conditions studied

  • Musculoskeletal Diseases

Keywords

  • Home-based rehabilitation
  • Biofeedback
  • Telerehabilitation
03

In context

Musculoskeletal Diseases

657 studies on the registry are indexed under Musculoskeletal Diseases; 159 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 48,774 is above the median of 73 across 438 interventional studies indexed under Musculoskeletal Diseases.

Browse Musculoskeletal Diseases studies →

Lead sponsor

Sword Health, SA is the lead sponsor of 15 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Over 18 years old
  • Suffering from acute (\<12 weeks) or chronic (>12 weeks) pain in the neck, low back, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle or wrist;
  • Able to understand study procedures and willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Cardiac or respiratory condition incompatible with at least 20 minutes of light to moderate exercise
  • Cancer diagnosis or receiving treatment for cancer
  • Unexplained weight loss in the last 6 months
  • Significant trauma in the area of pain in the last 3 months
  • Rapidly progressive loss of strength and/or numbness in the arms/legs in the last 2 weeks
  • Unexplained change in bowel or urinary function in the last 2 weeks
  • Other known health condition limiting participation in an exercise program involving at least 20 minutes of light to moderate exercise
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
48,774 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Patients with musculoskeletal disorders

    Tailored digital programs for individuals working for organizations that enter into a commercial agreement with SWORD Health, which acts as a service provider.

    Device: Digital intervention

Interventions

  • DeviceDigital intervention

    Individuals included will be offered a program based on three pillars: education, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and therapeutic exercise. The therapeutic exercise component will be delivered in the form of exercise sessions to be performed independently by the individual at home using SWORD Phoenix. These programs will have a duration of between 8 and 12 weeks, according to the condition, following pre-defined protocols. These protocols can be adapted to the needs, performance and progress of each individual by their assigned physical therapist. Individuals will be asked to perform at least 3 exercise sessions per week, in different days, but will not be excluded in case of lower adherence. In addition to the exercises, the individuals will also have access to educational articles written by the clinical team, as well as to a CBT program delivered through a combination of written articles and pre-recorded audio sessions.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Neck, lower spine, shoulder, elbow, ankle, hip and knee range of motion

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time measured through Neck, lower spine, shoulder, elbow, ankle, hip and knee range of motion (ROM) (flexion/extension/abduction/rotation), in degrees, as directly retrieved from the angle measurement tool integrated within the medical device.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  2. Neck Disability Index

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time measured through the Neck Disability Index. The scores for all questions answered are summed, then multiplied by two to obtain the index (range 0 to 100). Zero is equated with no disability and 100 is the maximum disability possible.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  3. Oswestry Disability Index

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time measured through the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). \\ The scores for all questions answered are summed, then multiplied by two to obtain the index (range 0 to 100). Zero is equated with no disability and 100 is the maximum disability possible.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  4. Short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time measured through the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH). Scoring Formula = (\[(sum of n responses)/n\] -1)x(25).

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  5. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time, measured through the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). FAAM is a self-report measure that assesses physical function of individuals with lower leg, foot, and ankle musculoskeletal disorders. Thus instrument included 2 subscales: 1) Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) with 21 items and 2) Sports with 8 items. For each subscale patients are asked to answer each question with a single response that most clearly describes their condition within past week. To calculate the score for either subscale, the total number of points are added, divided by the total number os possible points (ADLs-84; Sports-32) and then multiplied by 100.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  6. Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time measured through the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) Scoring Formula: 100 - \[(patient's score of the subscale x 100)/(total score of the subscale)\]

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  7. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score

    Change in condition-specific clinical outcomes over time measured through the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Scoring Formula: 100 - \[(patient's score of the subscale x 100)/(total score of the subscale)\]

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

Secondary outcomes

  1. Self-reported Pain

    Change over time in clinical outcomes common to all conditions measured through a 0-10 Pain Numerical Rating Scale

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  2. Self-reported Surgical Intent

    Change over time in clinical outcomes common to all conditions measured through a 0-10 Surgical Intent Numerical Rating Scale

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  3. Self-reported Medication

    Change over time in clinical outcomes common to all conditions measured through self reported consumption of painkillers

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  4. Anxiety

    Change over time in clinical outcomes common to all conditions measured through the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) scale.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  5. Depression

    Self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders, used to monitor the severity of depression and response to treatment. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day). Validated for use in primary care.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  6. Fear avoidance behaviour

    Change over time in clinical outcomes common to all conditions measured through the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire - Work \& Physical Activity (FABQ).

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  7. Work Productivity and Absenteeism

    Change over time in clinical outcomes common to all conditions measured through the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI).

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  8. Engagement levels

    Change in patient interaction with medical device over time measured through adherence levels. Patients are asked to perform daily therapeutic sessions, 5-7 days a week. Engagement is calculated weekly and averaged by the end of the therapeutic program.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  9. Satisfaction scores

    Change in patient interaction with medical device over time measured through Net Promoter Scores. Patients are asked to report their satisfaction level by answering the question: "On a scale from zero to ten, how much would you recommend the system to one of your friends or neighbours?", where 0=do not recommend at all and 10=highly recommend.

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

  10. Completion rates

    Change in patient interaction with medical device over time measured through average retention rates at 8/12 weeks

    Time frame: Baseline, each four weeks after initiation of rehabilitation program, and periodical follow-up assessments (each 8 weeks) until 2 years after enrolment

07

Study locations

1 site
  • SWORD Health Technologies, Inc
    New York, New York 10001, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Janela D, Costa F, Molinos M, Moulder RG, Lains J, Scheer JK, Bento V, Yanamadala V, Cohen SP, Correia FD. Fear Avoidance Beliefs in Upper-Extremity Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Clinical Study on Digital Care Programs. Pain Med. 2023 Apr 3;24(4):451-460. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac149. PubMed 36200858 ↗
  • Janela D, Costa F, Molinos M, Moulder RG, Lains J, Bento V, Scheer JK, Yanamadala V, Cohen SP, Correia FD. Digital Rehabilitation for Elbow Pain Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 27;19(15):9198. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159198. PubMed 35954555 ↗
  • Costa F, Janela D, Molinos M, Moulder R, Bento V, Lains J, Scheer J, Yanamadala V, Cohen S, Dias Correia F. Impacts of Digital Care Programs for Musculoskeletal Conditions on Depression and Work Productivity: Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Jul 25;24(7):e38942. doi: 10.2196/38942. PubMed 35714099 ↗
  • Costa F, Janela D, Molinos M, Lains J, Francisco GE, Bento V, Dias Correia F. Telerehabilitation of acute musculoskeletal multi-disorders: prospective, single-arm, interventional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Jan 4;23(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04891-5. PubMed 34983488 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Study protocol and study aggregate results (including anonymised individual patient data) will be made available

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 11, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04092946
Lead sponsor
Sword Health, SA
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 17, 2019
Start date
Jun 16, 2020
Primary completion
Aug 10, 2022
Completion
Feb 10, 2023
Last update
Apr 11, 2023

Study contacts

Fernando D Correia, MD
principal investigator · Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Apr 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion