ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03838510REBOOTUpdated Jun 15, 2025Results posted

Repeated-dose Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Opioid Overdose

An interventional study of REBOOT in Opioid-Related Disorders and Drug Overdose, sponsored by San Francisco Department of Public Health. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-15.

Sponsored by San Francisco Department of Public Health · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
268
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 1,222 studies in Opioid-Related Disorders with a site in United States — 246 open to participants now, 316 under way, 20 of them phase 3. Opioid-Related Disorders · United States.

Enrollment
187th of 1,097
268 · median 56
Started
2019
with 85 others
No phase
569 of 1,222
131 open now
Registered
529th of 1,222
by date

Among the 1,222 studies in Opioid-Related Disorders with a site in United States, this one is the 187th largest by enrollment of the 1,097 interventional ones, is one of 86 that started in 2019, is one of 569 with no phase, and was the 529th registered.

By phase

1,222 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study569 · 131 open
Phase 2190 · 26 open
Phase 1132 · 24 open
Observational122 · 29 open
Phase 479 · 18 open
Phase 375 · 11 open
Phase 1/230 · 4 open
Phase 2/325 · 3 open

By the year they started

First in 1988; this study’s year is marked. 86 started in 2019.

Size and results

Median enrollment 56 across the 1,097 interventional studies, 85 across the 122 observational. Of the 833 that completed or were terminated, 331 (40%) have results posted.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 1,222 studies in Opioid-Related Disorders with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

REBOOT is a randomized trial of a repeated-dose brief intervention to reduce overdose and risk behaviors among naloxone recipients with opioid use disorder. It includes an established overdose education curriculum within an Informational-Motivation-Behavior (IMB) model. This study will test the efficacy of REBOOT vs attention-control.

03

Conditions studied

  • Opioid-Related Disorders
  • Drug Overdose
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18-65 years
  • Characteristics of opioid use history
  • Previously received take-home naloxone
  • No life-threatening illness likely to progress clinically during trial
  • Able/willing to provide and locator information, communicate in English, and adhere to visit schedule

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Suicidal ideation
  • Participating in another interventional study that could possibly impact the study's outcomes of interest
  • Planning to leave San Francisco/Boston metro area during study
  • Previously exposed to REBOOT counseling intervention
  • Any condition that, in the Principal Investigator's judgment, interferes with safe study participation or adherence to study procedures
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
268 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Brief Counseling Intervention

    Behavioral: REBOOT

  • No intervention
    Control Group

Interventions

  • BehavioralREBOOT

    The brief counseling intervention will utilize Motivational Interviewing and skills-building techniques to modify personal overdose risk behaviors and develop skills as a peer responder for witnessed overdose. The counselor will draw upon themes of safer substance use to address overdose risk behaviors and determine readiness for change in substance use.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Overdose Events

    Number of overdose events will be measured by self-report via timeline follow-back (TLFB) assessment, ED/EMS records, and Vital records.

    Time frame: 16 Months

07

Results

Posted Jun 15, 2025

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneBrief Counseling InterventionControl Group
Started133135
Completed112121
Not completed2114

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Overdose Events

Number of overdose events will be measured by self-report via timeline follow-back (TLFB) assessment, ED/EMS records, and Vital records.

Time frame:
16 Months
Reported as:
Median · overdoses
Number of Overdose Events
overdosesBrief Counseling InterventionControl Group
Number of Overdose Events0 (0 to 1)0 (0 to 1)

Adverse events

Collected over 16 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Brief Counseling Intervention4/133 (3%)88/133 (66.2%)69/133 (51.9%)
Control Group4/135 (3%)78/135 (57.8%)60/135 (44.4%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 111
Most frequent serious events
EventBrief Counseling InterventionControl Group
heart murmurCardiac disorders1/1330/135
endocarditisCardiac disorders1/1330/135
overdoseCardiac disorders1/1330/135
high blood sugarEndocrine disorders1/1330/135
constipationGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
GERDGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
adverse reaction to medicationGeneral disorders1/1330/135
sepsisImmune system disorders1/1330/135
adverse reaction to medicationImmune system disorders1/1330/135
strep throatInfections and infestations1/1330/135
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 106
Most frequent other events
EventBrief Counseling InterventionControl Group
leg swellingBlood and lymphatic system disorders1/1330/135
stomach/bowel issueGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
ulcerative colitisGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
colon painGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
diarrheaGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
withdrawal symptomsGastrointestinal disorders1/1330/135
soreness due to dental workGeneral disorders1/1330/135
withdrawal symptomsGeneral disorders1/1330/135
allergic reactionImmune system disorders1/1330/135
COVID-19Infections and infestations1/1330/135

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Brief Counseling InterventionControl GroupTotal
Mean43.4 ± 10.241.7 ± 9.943 ± 10
Sex/Gender, Customized
Sex/Gender, Customized(Participants)Brief Counseling InterventionControl GroupTotal
Male8679165
Female4654100
Trans female112
Trans male000
Other011
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Brief Counseling InterventionControl GroupTotal
Hispanic or Latino172239
Not Hispanic or Latino116110226
Unknown or Not Reported033
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Brief Counseling InterventionControl GroupTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native426
Asian213
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American181937
White9084174
More than one race101525
Unknown or Not Reported91423
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)Brief Counseling InterventionControl GroupTotal
United States133135268
08

Study locations

2 sites
  • San Francisco Department of Public Health
    San Francisco, California 94102, United States
  • Boston Medical Center
    Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • McMahan VM, Arenander J, Matheson T, Lambert AM, Brennan S, Green TC, Walley AY, Coffin PO. "There's No Heroin Around Anymore. It's All Fentanyl." Adaptation of an Opioid Overdose Prevention Counseling Approach to Address Fentanyl Overdose: Formative Study. JMIR Form Res. 2022 Sep 7;6(9):e37483. doi: 10.2196/37483. PubMed 36069781 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Apr 2019 to primary completion in Dec 2023, 55 months.

Results were first posted in Jun 2025, 1 year 6 months after primary completion.

Of 464 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Opioid-Related Disorders, half reached primary completion within 29 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 14 and three quarters within 47. This study's 55 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 495 studies reached it within 29 months; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 46.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 7, 2019
First posted
Feb 12, 2019
StartActual
Apr 22, 2019
Primary completionActual
Dec 12, 2023
CompletionActual
Dec 12, 2023
Results first posted
Jun 15, 2025
Last update
Jun 15, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 15, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03838510
Lead sponsor
San Francisco Department of Public Health
Responsible party
Phillip Coffin, MD, MIA (Director, Substance Use Research Unit, San Francisco Department of Public Health) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 12, 2019
Start date
Apr 22, 2019
Primary completion
Dec 12, 2023
Completion
Dec 12, 2023
Results posted
Jun 15, 2025
Last update
Jun 15, 2025

Study contacts

Phillip O Coffin, MD, MIA
principal investigator · San Francisco Department of Public Health

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in May 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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