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CompletedNCT03577834VIVOUpdated Aug 28, 2019

The Effect of Vinegar Consumption on Visceral Fat and Blood Glucose Concentration

An interventional study of liquid vinegar and vinegar pill in Visceral Obesity, Tooth Erosion and Insulin Resistance, sponsored by Carol Johnston. Completed. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-08-28.

Sponsored by Carol Johnston · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year 5 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jan 2017, registered Jun 2018).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
102
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 45 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to test the potential ability of vinegar to significantly decrease visceral fat in healthy adults with "central obesity". During the 8-week trial, participants will either consume a low-dose vinegar pill (control treatment) or a vinegar drink twice per day.

Research Aim and Hypothesis H1 Daily vinegar consumption will be associated with loss in visceral fat (as measured by DXA) after 8 weeks compared to the placebo treatment (low-vinegar pill) in a group of healthy adults with "central obesity".

H2 Daily vinegar consumption will be associated with a decrease in abdominal circumference after 8 weeks compared to the placebo treatment (low-vinegar pill) in a group of healthy adults with "central obesity".

Read the detailed description

This randomized, placebo-controlled experimental trial will last 8 weeks. At the initial visit (consenting visit lasting about 20 minutes) the participant will sign the consent and complete a short health questionnaire and a short questionnaire on tooth erosion. Body height and weight and waist circumference will also be measured. Qualifying participants will be stratified by gender, age, weight, and waist circumference, then randomized into two groups: the intervention group, vinegar drinks (VIN) or the control group, vinegar pills (CON). The participants will know which treatment they are given but they will not know which group (control vs. placebo) they are in. Those who receive the VIN will be instructed to drink 2 tablespoons of red wine vinegar (provided) mixed with water twice each day for weeks 1 to 8 of the trial. Those in the CON group will be instructed to take one vinegar pill (provided) each day for weeks 1-8 of the trial. Participants will be instructed to maintain their current diet and exercise habits during the study.

02

Conditions studied

  • Visceral Obesity
  • Tooth Erosion
  • Insulin Resistance

Keywords

  • randomized clinical trial
  • vinegar
  • adiposity
  • insulin resistance
03

In context

Obesity, Abdominal

294 studies on the registry are indexed under Obesity, Abdominal; 45 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 102 is above the median of 58 across 234 interventional studies indexed under Obesity, Abdominal.

Browse Obesity, Abdominal studies →

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with Carol Johnston as lead sponsor.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 45 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Nonsmoking
  • Not pregnant or lactating if female
  • No active disease state or medication use affecting blood glucose or cholesterol (additionally, individuals on digoxin or diuretics will be excluded but other medications in use >3 months will be allowed)
  • No food restrictions or special diet
  • range: 22-35
  • Waist circumference >34 (women) and >39 (males)
  • Sedentary (exercising \< 3 days/week)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unwilling to take a vinegar supplement daily for 8 week or follow other aspects of study protocol
  • Recent abdominal surgery or condition causing abdominal discomfort/distention (such as acid reflux, ascites, pancreatitis, diverticulitis/diverticulosis, Crohn's disease, and/or irritable bowel syndrome)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
102 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Liquid vinegar

    Participants in this arm were instructed to drink 2 tablespoons of red wine vinegar (provided) mixed with water twice each day for weeks 1 to 8 of the trial.

    Dietary Supplement: liquid vinegar

  • Placebo comparator
    Vinegar pill

    Participants in the control group were instructed to take one vinegar pill (provided) each day for weeks 1-8 of the trial.

    Dietary Supplement: vinegar pill

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementliquid vinegar

    6% red wine vinegar (2 tablespoons providing 1.7 g acetic acid)

    Also known as: VIN

  • Dietary supplementvinegar pill

    Apple Cider Vinegar Tablets (1 tablet providing 0.0225 g acetic acid)

    Also known as: CON

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. visceral adiposity

    visceral fat as measured by DXA

    Time frame: change after 8 weeks of treatment

Secondary outcomes

  1. tooth erosion

    dental exam using Basic Erosion Wear Examination (BEWE)

    Time frame: change after 8 weeks of treatment

  2. insulin resistance

    measurement of insulin resistance using HOMA-IR (fasting glucose and fasting insulin index)

    Time frame: change after 8 weeks of treatment

07

Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • Anderson S, Gonzalez LA, Jasbi P, Johnston CS. Evidence That Daily Vinegar Ingestion May Contribute to Erosive Tooth Wear in Adults. J Med Food. 2021 Aug;24(8):894-896. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0108. Epub 2020 Dec 9. PubMed 33297831 ↗
09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 28, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03577834
Lead sponsor
Carol Johnston
Responsible party
Carol Johnston (Professor and Associated Director, Arizona State University) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Jul 5, 2018
Start date
Jan 5, 2017
Primary completion
Aug 15, 2018
Completion
Aug 15, 2018
Last update
Aug 28, 2019

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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