ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03485391PEPUpdated Aug 16, 2024Results posted

Peer Social Support During In Vivo Exposure for PTSD

An interventional study of Prolonged Exposure in Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Anxiety Disorders and Mental Disorder, sponsored by Medical University of South Carolina. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-08-16.

Sponsored by Medical University of South Carolina · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
109
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 45 studies in Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic by Medical University of South Carolina — 11 open to participants now, 14 under way, none of them phase 3. Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic · Medical University of South Carolina.

Enrollment
21st of 44
109 · median 95
Started
2018
with 1 other
No phase
31 of 45
10 open now
Registered
20th of 45
by date

Among the 45 studies in Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic by Medical University of South Carolina, this one is the 21st largest by enrollment of the 44 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 2 that started in 2018, is one of 31 with no phase, and was the 20th registered.

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

2,683 studies on the registry are indexed under Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; 601 are open to participants now.

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Open to participants now

11 of the 45 studies in Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic by Medical University of South Carolina are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:

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By country, each count listing its studies:

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Where they have run

Who these studies take

Of the 416 Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic studies recruiting now, 186 (45%) set no upper age limit and 204 (49%) stop at 75 or younger; 63 take children under 18; 89 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

Veterans who have prematurely dropped out of exposure therapy for PTSD will be contacted and offered the opportunity to return to treatment, this time with the assistance of an in vivo exposure therapy 'workout buddy'. This peer will meet them at the in vivo exposure therapy location and offer support an encouragement while the patient remains in that location. As the PTSD treatment standards in Charleston and other VA sites across the country increasingly include telemedicine delivered care, both in person and telemedicine based exposure therapy recipients will be included. There will be no randomization; all participants will receive the peer support 'workout buddy' for exposure therapy assignments.

Read the detailed description

Veterans (participants and peers) with PTSD will be recruited from the Charleston VA Medical Center catchment area. Participants will have been assigned to exposure therapy for PTSD and either started treatment, or dropped out before treatment; peers will have successfully completed exposure therapy for PTSD. Those eligible to participate will also include Veterans who are identified as "at-risk" of dropping out, Veterans who are uncomfortable completing in vivo exposure activities, and those who may have PTSD symptoms, but at the sub-threshold level. Participants will receive 8-12 weekly sessions of exposure therapy treatment with assistance of a PE Peer. Half of subjects will be randomized to the PE+Workout Buddy condition, where they will complete treatment with the assistance of a Veteran who will meet them at least once per week for in vivo exposure therapy assignments, for 3-4 weeks at the beginning of treatment. Half of subjects will be randomized to the PE+General Support condition, where they will complete treatment with the assistance of a Veteran who will call them via telephone once per week to encourage session attendance and ask about treatment progress, life stresses, etc. General support peers will also meeting Veterans 2-4 times per month to check in about treatment progress. All participants and peers will be consented. Participants will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3- \& 6-month follow-up.

03

Conditions studied

  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Mental Disorder
  • Traumatic Disorder
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

Participant Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Adult male or female over the age of 18 that has served, or is currently serving in the military.
  2. Either diagnosis of PTSD as determined by a Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for (CAPS-5) clinical interview or CAPS-5 severity ≥ 25, and a PCL-5 score of ≥25.
  3. Attempted PE treatment in the past, but did not complete treatment (defined as dropping out from treatment or refusal to engage in in vivo exposure assignments) OR identified as "at-risk" of dropping out of current exposure therapy treatment (defined as failure to complete 3 sessions of therapy within any 6 week period or verbally indicating that they are not comfortable with the exposure activities).

Participant Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Active psychosis or dementia at screening.
  2. Suicidal ideation with clear intent.
  3. Concurrent enrollment in another clinical trial for PTSD or depression.

Peer Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Adult male or female over the age of 18 that has served, or is currently serving, in the military.
  2. Successful competition of exposure therapy treatment in the past and willingness to act as peer in the program.
  3. PCL-5 score of 32 or lower.

Peer Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Active psychosis or dementia at screening.
  2. Suicidal ideation with clear intent.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

DSM diagnostic criteria

The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
109 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    PE+Exposure Workout Buddy

    Prolonged Exposure with assistance of Veteran who has successfully completed treatment to meet patients at exposure sites in the community to offer support during exposure.

    Behavioral: Prolonged Exposure

  • Active comparator
    PE+Peer General Support

    Prolonged Exposure with assistance of Veteran who has successfully completed treatment to call and talk to patients once per week, informally meet at patient appointments, encourage session attendance and check in about progress.

    Behavioral: Prolonged Exposure

Interventions

  • BehavioralProlonged Exposure

    Practice guidelines have identified that trauma-focused psychotherapies have most evidence for treatment PTSD. Prolonged Exposure (PE) is one type of trauma-focused psychotherapy. PE teaches you to gradually approach trauma-related memories, feelings, and situations that you have been avoiding since your trauma. By confronting these challenges, you can decrease your PTSD symptoms. Treatment will last anywhere from 8-12 weeks for 75-90 minutes, once per week.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Clinical Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS)

    The Clinician Administered PTSD (Posttraumatic stress disorder) Scale (CAPS) is a 30-item structured interview that corresponds to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Version (DSM-V) criteria for PTSD. The CAPS can be used to make a current (past month) or lifetime diagnosis of PTSD or to assesses symptoms over the past week. CAPS-5 symptom cluster severity scores are calculated by summing the individual item severity scores for symptoms corresponding to a given DSM-5 cluster: Criterion B (items 1-5); Criterion C (items 6-7); Criterion D (items 8-14); and, Criterion E (items 15-20). A symptom cluster score may also be calculated for dissociation by summing items 19 and 20. Scores range from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 36 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)

    The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment, screening individuals for PTSD, and making a provisional PTSD diagnosis. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items (ranging from 0-4 per item). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 13 weeks

  2. PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)

    The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment, screening individuals for PTSD, and making a provisional PTSD diagnosis. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items (ranging from 0-4 per item). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  3. PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)

    The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment, screening individuals for PTSD, and making a provisional PTSD diagnosis. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items (ranging from 0-4 per item). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 36 weeks

  4. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    The Patient Health Questionnaire -9 is widely used, well-validated measure of depression severity with high internal consistency (alpha .83 to .92; Cameron, Crawford, et al, 2008), and is correlated strongly with other depression measures. Its 9 items assess affective and somatic symptoms and correspond to diagnostic criteria for MDD. A total severity score (range - 0-27) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 items (ranging from 0-3 per item). Total scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 13 weeks

  5. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    The Patient Health Questionnaire -9 is widely used, well-validated measure of depression severity with high internal consistency (alpha .83 to .92; Cameron, Crawford, et al, 2008), and is correlated strongly with other depression measures. Its 9 items assess affective and somatic symptoms and correspond to diagnostic criteria for MDD. A total severity score (range - 0-27) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 items (ranging from 0-3 per item). Total scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  6. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    The Patient Health Questionnaire -9 is widely used, well-validated measure of depression severity with high internal consistency (alpha .83 to .92; Cameron, Crawford, et al, 2008), and is correlated strongly with other depression measures. Its 9 items assess affective and somatic symptoms and correspond to diagnostic criteria for MDD. A total severity score (range - 0-27) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 items (ranging from 0-3 per item). Total scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Time frame: 36 weeks

  7. Combat Exposure Scale (CES)

    The Combat Exposure Scale (CES) is a 7-item self-report measure that assesses wartime stressors experienced by combatants. Items are rated on a 5-point frequency (1 = "no" or "never" to 5 = "more than 50 times"), 5-point duration (1 = "never" to 5 = "more than 6 months"), 4-point frequency (1 = "no" to 4 = "more than 12 times") or 4-point degree of loss (1 = "no one" to 4 = "more than 50%") scale. Scores for each item are converted and then summed to obtain a total score. Total scores (of the converted items) range from 0 to 41, with lower scores indicating 'light' exposure and higher scores indicating 'heavy' exposure.

    Time frame: Baseline

07

Results

Posted Aug 16, 2024

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestonePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
Started5554
Completed3834
Not completed1720

Outcome measures

PrimaryClinical Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS)

The Clinician Administered PTSD (Posttraumatic stress disorder) Scale (CAPS) is a 30-item structured interview that corresponds to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Version (DSM-V) criteria for PTSD. The CAPS can be used to make a current (past month) or lifetime diagnosis of PTSD or to assesses symptoms over the past week. CAPS-5 symptom cluster severity scores are calculated by summing the individual item severity scores for symptoms corresponding to a given DSM-5 cluster: Criterion B (items 1-5); Criterion C (items 6-7); Criterion D (items 8-14); and, Criterion E (items 15-20). A symptom cluster score may also be calculated for dissociation by summing items 19 and 20. Scores range from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes.

Time frame:
36 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Clinical Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
Clinical Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS)25.44 ± 11.96624.44 ± 11.389
SecondaryPTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)

The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment, screening individuals for PTSD, and making a provisional PTSD diagnosis. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items (ranging from 0-4 per item). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
13 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)32.1335 ± 18.7783434.8677 ± 18.55918
SecondaryPTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)

The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment, screening individuals for PTSD, and making a provisional PTSD diagnosis. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items (ranging from 0-4 per item). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
24 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)36.7449 ± 16.7379334.8181 ± 16.53160
SecondaryPTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)

The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment, screening individuals for PTSD, and making a provisional PTSD diagnosis. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items (ranging from 0-4 per item). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
36 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
PTSD Checklist, 5th Version (PCL-5)40.2105 ± 15.4773537.1678 ± 17.18023
SecondaryPatient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

The Patient Health Questionnaire -9 is widely used, well-validated measure of depression severity with high internal consistency (alpha .83 to .92; Cameron, Crawford, et al, 2008), and is correlated strongly with other depression measures. Its 9 items assess affective and somatic symptoms and correspond to diagnostic criteria for MDD. A total severity score (range - 0-27) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 items (ranging from 0-3 per item). Total scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
13 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)11.2105 ± 6.0783311.5292 ± 5.83646
SecondaryPatient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

The Patient Health Questionnaire -9 is widely used, well-validated measure of depression severity with high internal consistency (alpha .83 to .92; Cameron, Crawford, et al, 2008), and is correlated strongly with other depression measures. Its 9 items assess affective and somatic symptoms and correspond to diagnostic criteria for MDD. A total severity score (range - 0-27) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 items (ranging from 0-3 per item). Total scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
24 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)12.0063 ± 5.3671511.1333 ± 5.98522
SecondaryPatient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

The Patient Health Questionnaire -9 is widely used, well-validated measure of depression severity with high internal consistency (alpha .83 to .92; Cameron, Crawford, et al, 2008), and is correlated strongly with other depression measures. Its 9 items assess affective and somatic symptoms and correspond to diagnostic criteria for MDD. A total severity score (range - 0-27) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 items (ranging from 0-3 per item). Total scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Time frame:
36 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
score on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)12.5554 ± 5.1773812.2859 ± 6.03785
SecondaryCombat Exposure Scale (CES)

The Combat Exposure Scale (CES) is a 7-item self-report measure that assesses wartime stressors experienced by combatants. Items are rated on a 5-point frequency (1 = "no" or "never" to 5 = "more than 50 times"), 5-point duration (1 = "never" to 5 = "more than 6 months"), 4-point frequency (1 = "no" to 4 = "more than 12 times") or 4-point degree of loss (1 = "no one" to 4 = "more than 50%") scale. Scores for each item are converted and then summed to obtain a total score. Total scores (of the converted items) range from 0 to 41, with lower scores indicating 'light' exposure and higher scores indicating 'heavy' exposure.

Time frame:
Baseline
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Combat Exposure Scale (CES)
units on a scalePE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General Support
Combat Exposure Scale (CES)4.1132 ± 5.979655.2400 ± 6.60723

Adverse events

Collected over Adverse event data collection started at baseline and progressed through treatment all the way to 6 month post treatment follow up. This time frame was 9 months.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
PE+Exposure Workout Buddy1/55 (1.8%)0/55 (0%)0/55 (0%)
PE+Peer General Support0/54 (0%)0/54 (0%)0/54 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Participants were 109 Veterans aged 18 and over who were recruited from a southeastern Veterans Affairs Health Care System and its satellite Community Based Outpatient Clinics.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)PE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General SupportTotal
Mean43.6 (20 to 65)44.2 (22 to 74)43.9 (20 to 74)
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)PE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General SupportTotal
Female363268
Male192241
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)PE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General SupportTotal
Hispanic or Latino617
Not Hispanic or Latino4952101
Unknown or Not Reported011
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)PE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General SupportTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native101
Asian011
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American312253
White182947
More than one race527
Unknown or Not Reported000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)PE+Exposure Workout BuddyPE+Peer General SupportTotal
United States5554109
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center
    Charleston, South Carolina 29401, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Hernandez-Tejada MA, Muzzy W, Price M, Hamski S, Hart S, Foa E, Acierno R. Peer support during in vivo exposure homework to reverse attrition from prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): description of a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020 Apr 28;21(1):366. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04302-5. PubMed 32345329 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from May 2018 to primary completion in Mar 2023, 58 months.

Results were first posted in Aug 2024, 1 year 5 months after primary completion.

Of 1,064 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, half reached primary completion within 35 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 53. This study's 58 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,092 studies reached it within 34 months; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 53.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 7, 2018
First posted
Apr 2, 2018
StartActual
May 1, 2018
Primary completionActual
Mar 3, 2023
CompletionActual
May 31, 2023
Results first posted
Aug 16, 2024
Last update
Aug 16, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 16, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03485391
Collaborators
Charleston Research Institute
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Apr 2, 2018
Start date
May 1, 2018
Primary completion
Mar 3, 2023
Completion
May 31, 2023
Results posted
Aug 16, 2024
Last update
Aug 16, 2024

Study contacts

Wendy Muzzy, MRA, MLIS
principal investigator · Medical University of South Carolina
Ron Acierno, PhD
principal investigator · Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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