ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03463317CLOSURE-AFUpdated Dec 12, 2025

Left Atrial Appendage CLOSURE in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Compared to Medical Therapy

A Phase 4 interventional study of CE-mark approved LAA closure devices and Acetylsalicylic acid in Atrial Fibrillation, sponsored by Charite University, Berlin, Germany. Completed at 42 sites in Germany. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-12.

Sponsored by Charite University, Berlin, Germany · Phase 4, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
912
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 17 studies testing aspirin in Atrial Fibrillation — 3 open to participants now, 3 under way, 1 of them phase 3. Aspirin · Atrial Fibrillation.

Enrollment
7th of 17
912 · median 614
Started
2018
the only one that year
Phase 4
7 of 17
1 open now
Registered
11th of 17
by date
Lead sponsor
1 of 17
Charite University, Berlin, Germany

Among the 17 studies testing aspirin in Atrial Fibrillation, this one is the 7th largest by enrollment, is the only one that started in 2018, is one of 7 in phase 4, and was the 11th registered.

By phase

17 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

Phase 4this study7 · 1 open
Phase 36 · 1 open
No phase2 · 1 open
Phase 11 · 0 open
Phase 21 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 2002; this study’s year is marked. 1 started in 2018.

Size and results

Median enrollment 614 across the 17 interventional studies. Of the 9 that completed or were terminated, 3 (33%) have results posted.

Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 17 studies testing aspirin in Atrial Fibrillation, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The study goal is to determine the clinical benefit of percutaneous catheter-based left atrial appendage (LAA) closure in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at high risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc Score ≥2) as well as high risk of bleeding as compared to best medical care (including a [non-vitamin K] oral anticoagulant [(N)OAC] when eligible).

Read the detailed description

The individualized therapy with oral anticoagulants is considered to be an essential preventive therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. The risk of stroke can be reduced by approximately 65%. However, long-term anticoagulation therapy also increases the risk of major bleeding.

A significant proportion of patients at high risk of stroke do not tolerate long-term anticoagulation due to various relative or absolute contraindications. As demonstrated in previous studies with non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants (NOAK), 20-25% of patients were unable to tolerate long-term anticoagulation therapy.

For this reason, additional therapeutic approaches for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation have been developed.

A promising approach is catheter-based closure of the left atrial appendage, because more than 90% of cardiac thrombi in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation are detected in the left atrial appendage. Recent registry studies show that the safety of LAA occluder implantation is promising. However, further scientific studies are required, in order to explore more benefits of the underlying method and eligible patients for implantation.

Study objectives:

The study goal is to determine the clinical benefit of percutaneous catheter-based left atrial appendage (LAA) closure in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at high risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc Score ≥2) as well as high risk of bleeding as compared to best medical care (including a [non-vitamin K] oral anticoagulant [(N)OAC] when eligible).

03

Conditions studied

  • Atrial Fibrillation

Keywords

  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Anticoagulation
  • Left atrial appendage closure
  • Stroke
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Signed written
  • Documented atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent or permanent)
  • CHA2DS2VASc-Score ≥2
  • High risk of bleeding under oral anticoagulation or for (N)OAC therapy, in particular patients with at least one of the following conditions:

    • HAS-BLED-Score ≥3
    • Prior intracranial/intraspinal bleed, intraocular bleed compromising vision (BARC: type 3c)
    • Hemorrhagic/bleeding complication fulfilling BARC type 3a or 3b: gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract or respiratory tract bleeding, where the patient is considered to be at a persistently increased risk of bleeding, e.g. the cause of bleeding cannot be successfully eliminated
    • Chronic kidney disease with 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2
    • Any recurrent bleeding making chronic anticoagulation not feasible
  • Subject eligible for an LAA occluder device
  • Age ≥18 years
  • Willing and capable of providing informed consent, participating in all associated study activities
  • negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test (no longer than 48 hours prior to randomization in outpatients or not older than 14 days in continuously hospitalized patients without signs of COVID-19 infection) or negative SARS- CoV-2 rapid antigen test (no longer than 24 hours prior to randomization)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Absolute to acetylsalicylic acid
  • Comorbidities other than AF requiring chronic (N)OAC therapy, e.g. mechanical heart valve prosthesis
  • Symptomatic carotid disease (if not treated)
  • Complex aortic atheroma with mobile plaque (Kronzon classification grade V)
  • Heart transplant
  • Active infection or symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection or active endocarditis or other infections resulting in bacteremia
  • Cardiac tumor
  • Severe liver failure ( class C or liver failure with coagulopathy)
  • Severe renal failure ( \<15 ml/min/1.73m2 or current requirement for dialysis defined as current, regular renal replacement therapy performed at least weekly including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis within the last 30 days)
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • For female patients of : Unwilling to agree to use a highly effective method of (Pearl index \<1) throughout the study period
  • Subject with participation in another interventional clinical trial during this study or within 30 days before entry into this trial.
  • Known terminating disease with \<1 year (including those with end-stage heart failure)
  • Subjects, who are committed to an institution due to binding official or court order
  • Subject who is dependent on the Site, the Site Investigator, any sub- investigator, his/her representative and/or the sponsor
  • Persons who are not proficient in the German language
  • Unstable/not fully recompensated acute heart failure corresponding to class III and/or IV
  • Subjects with known antiphospholipid syndrome
  • Subjects with planned cardiac or non-cardiac surgery or intervention. (These subject can be included 30 days after such intervention / surgery.)
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(8)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

Child-Pugh class

A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.

Reproductive potential

Able to have children. For women this usually means from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery; for men, unless permanently sterile. Read who the line is about — participants, women, men, or their partners.

Criteria about it usually ask for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
912 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    LAA closure group

    Left atrial appendage closure by use of CE-mark approved LAA closure devices followed by post procedure treatment (antiplatelet therapy e.g. acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel)

    Device: CE-mark approved LAA closure devices · Drug: Acetylsalicylic acid · Drug: Clopidogrel

  • Active comparator
    Best medical care group

    No left atrial appendage closure. Treatment with best medical care (NOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) or VKA (phenprocoumon, warfarin)

    Drug: Dabigatran · Drug: Rivaroxaban · Drug: Apixaban · Drug: Edoxaban · Drug: Phenprocoumon · Drug: Warfarin

Interventions

  • DeviceCE-mark approved LAA closure devices

    LAA closure with post procedure treatment

  • post procedure treatment according to the physicians (recommendation are made in the protocol); oral anticoagulation is not prescribed in this group

    Also known as: ASS

  • post procedure treatment according to the physicians (recommendation are made in the protocol); oral anticoagulation is not prescribed in this group

  • Patients allocated to the best medical care group receive either NOAC therapy or VKA

    Also known as: Pradaxa®

  • Patients allocated to the best medical care group receive either NOAC therapy or VKA

    Also known as: Xarelto®

  • Patients allocated to the best medical care group receive either NOAC therapy or VKA

    Also known as: Eliquis®

  • Patients allocated to the best medical care group receive either NOAC therapy or VKA

    Also known as: LIXIANA®

  • Patients allocated to the best medical care group receive either NOAC therapy or VKA

    Also known as: Marcumar®

  • Patients allocated to the best medical care group receive either NOAC therapy or VKA

    Also known as: Coumadin®

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Primary endpoint (net clinical benefit)

    Survival time free of the composite of: * Stroke (including ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) * Systemic embolism * Major bleeding (BARC type 3-5) * Cardiovascular or unexplained death

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Primary endpoint events per year

    assessed by the number of primary endpoint events during the follow-up period.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  2. Combined endpoint: MACCE

    (stroke/systemic embolism/cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction)

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  3. Mortality

    (including all-cause death, cardiovascular death, non- cardiovascular death, peri-procedural death)

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  4. Major bleeding

    BARC type 3-5 (according to the BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) definition for bleeding).

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  5. Systemic embolism

    assessed by the rate of systemic embolism during the follow-up period.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  6. Ischemic stroke

    Stroke will be assessed according to 2014 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular Endpoint Events in Clinical Trials: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  7. Hemorrhagic stroke

    Stroke will be assessed according to 2014 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular Endpoint Events in Clinical Trials: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  8. Transient ischemic attack

    Defined as neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting ≤24 hours without corresponding brain lesion. TIA will be assessed according to 2014 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular Endpoint Events in Clinical Trials: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  9. Myocardial infarction

    Myocardial infarction will be assessed according to the third universal definition of myocardial infarction (Eur Heart J, 2012).

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  10. Hospitalization for bleeding or cardiovascular event

    Hospitalization for bleeding or cardiovascular event will be assessed according to 2014 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular Endpoint Events in Clinical Trials: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

  11. Changes in cognitive function

    assessed by MoCA (= Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The MoCA will be used to assess the cognition of patients. Minimum score: 0 points, maximum score: 30 points.

    Time frame: At day 0 and after 24 months.

  12. Changes in health-related quality of life

    assessed by EQ-5D-5L (German Version 1.0). The EQ-5D-5L consists of a 5-question multi-attribute questionnaire and a visual analogue self-rating scale. Minimum score: 0, maximum score: 100.

    Time frame: At day 0 and after 6, and 12 months, twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months of follow-up.

  13. Changes in modified Ranking Scale (mRS)

    Time frame: At day 0, 1 day after implantation (device group only) and after 3, 12 and 24 months.

Other outcomes

  1. Device-related complications

    Device thrombus/fracture/erosion/infection/embolization, Pericardial effusion.

    Time frame: Until day 7 or discharge and after 3, 6,12 and 24 months.

  2. Procedure related death

    Time frame: Until day 7 or discharge and after 3, 6,12 and 24 months.

  3. Technical and procedural success of device implantation

    Time frame: Until day 7 or discharge and after 3, 6,12 and 24 months.

  4. Peri-procedural outcomes

    Time frame: At 7 days or discharge, 30 calendar days after implantation and after 3, 6,12 and 24 months.

  5. Additionally, the total number of SAEs will be analyzed.

    Time frame: After 3, 6, and 12 months. Twice a year until 24 months and once a year after 24 months.

07

Study locations

42 sites
  • Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF)
    Berlin, 12203, Germany
  • DRK-Kliniken Berlin Köpenick, Klinik für Innere Medizin - Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie
    Berlin, 12559, Germany
  • Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum
    Berlin, 13353, Germany
  • Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK)
    Berlin, 13353, Germany
  • Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Med. Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie
    Berlin, Germany
  • Klinikum Brandenburg GmbH, Zentrum für Innere Medizin I
    Brandenburg, 14770, Germany
  • Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Klinikum Links der Weser, Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie
    Bremen, 28277, Germany
  • Klinikum Coburg GmbH II. Med. Klinik für Innere Medizin und Kardiologie
    Coburg, Germany
  • Amper Kliniken AG, Helios Amper-Klinikum Dachau, Innere Medizin I - Kardiologie & Pneumologie
    Dachau, Germany
  • Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, II. Medizinische Klinik
    Dresden, Germany
  • Technische Universität Dresden, Herzzentrum Dresden, Universitätsklinik, Medizinische Klinik Kardiologie
    Dresden, Germany
  • Katholisches Krankenhaus "St. Johann Nepomuk", Klinik für Innere Medizin II - Kardiologie
    Erfurt, 99097, Germany
  • HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt GmbH, 3. Medizinische Klinik
    Erfurt, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik III/ Kardiologie
    Frankfurt, Germany
  • UHZ Freiburg Bad Krozingen Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie II
    Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
  • Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie
    Göttingen, Germany
  • Universität Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin B - Kardiologie
    Greifswald, 17475, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III
    Halle, Germany
  • Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, I. Med. Abteilung - Kardiologie
    Hamburg, 22291, Germany
  • Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hamburg, Abteilung für Kardiologie
    Hamburg, Germany
  • Cardiologicum Hamburg
    Hamburg, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universitäres Herzzentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine und Interventionelle Kardiologie
    Hamburg, Germany
  • Westküstenklinikum Heide Medizinische Klinik 2 - Kardiologie
    Heide, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie
    Heidelberg, Germany
  • Oberhavel Kliniken, Klinik Hennigsdorf, Innere Medizin
    Hennigsdorf, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin I - Kardiologie
    Jena, Germany
  • UKSH - Campus Kiel, Medizinische Klinik III - Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin
    Kiel, 24105, Germany
  • Herzzentrum Leipzig, Universitätsklinik für Kardiologie
    Leipzig, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie
    Leipzig, Germany
  • UKSH - Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik II - Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin
    Lübeck, 23538, Germany
  • Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Kardiologie I - Zentrum für Kardiologie
    Mainz, 55131, Germany
  • Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, I. Medizinische Klinik - Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin
    Mannheim, 68167, Germany
  • Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der TU München
    München, 80636, Germany
  • LMU Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I
    München, 81377, Germany
  • Peter Osypka Herzzentrum München
    München, 81379, Germany
  • Städt. Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Neuperlach, Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie, intern. Intensivmedizin
    München, 81737, Germany
  • Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I - Kardiologie
    München, Germany
  • Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Herzzentrum, Zentrum Innere Medizin - Abteilung für Kardiologie
    Rostock, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung III Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen
    Tübingen, Germany
  • Universitätsklinik Ulm, Klinik für Innere Medizin II - Kardiologie
    Ulm, 89081, Germany
  • Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I
    Würzburg, Germany
  • Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Zwickau, Klinik für Innere Medizin I - Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intern. Internsivmedizin
    Zwickau, 08060, Germany
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Claus F, Muller M, Fass E, Diesing J, Skurk C, Seppelt C, Meteva D, Rroku A, Eitel I, Boldt LH, Landmesser U, Wille E, Weinhold I. Health economic evaluation of left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation and at high risk for stroke and bleeding: a study protocol. Front Health Serv. 2026 Jul 1;6:1771683. doi: 10.3389/frhs.2026.1771683. eCollection 2026. PubMed 42459774 ↗
  • Landmesser U, Skurk C, Kirchhof P, Lewalter T, Hartung J, Rroku A, Pieske B, Brachmann J, Akin I, Jacobshagen C, Meder B, Zeiher A, Anker SD, Thiele H, Blankenberg S, Massberg S, Schunkert H, Frey N, Joost A, Bergmann M, von Bardeleben RS, Friede T, Placzek M, Suling A, Haeusler KG, Endres M, Wegscheider K, Boldt LH, Eitel I; CLOSURE-AF Trial Investigators. Left Atrial Appendage Closure or Medical Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2026 Apr 2;394(13):1270-1280. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2513310. Epub 2026 Mar 18. PubMed 41849741 ↗
  • Landmesser U, Skurk C, Kirchhof P, Lewalter T, Hartung J, Rroku A, Pieske B, Brachmann J, Akin I, Jacobshagen C, Meder B, Zeiher A, Anker SD, Thiele H, Blankenberg S, Massberg S, Schunkert H, Frey N, Joost A, Bergmann M, Haeusler KG, Endres M, Wegscheider K, Boldt LH, Eitel I. Catheter-based left atrial appendage CLOSURE in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk of stroke and bleeding as compared to best medical therapy: Rationale and design of the prospective randomized CLOSURE-AF trial. Am Heart J. 2026 Feb;292:107273. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2025.09.005. Epub 2025 Sep 12. PubMed 40946883 ↗

Related links

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 12, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03463317
Collaborators
Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Atrial Fibrillation Network, Stiftung Institut fuer Herzinfarktforschung
Responsible party
Ulf Landmesser (Prof. Dr., Charite University, Berlin, Germany) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 13, 2018
Start date
Feb 28, 2018
Primary completion
Nov 30, 2024
Completion
Nov 30, 2024
Last update
Dec 12, 2025

Study contacts

Ulf Landmesser, MD
study chair · Charite University, Berlin, Germany

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Aspirin · Clopidogrel

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