An observational study in Focal Epilepsy, Generalized Epilepsy and Partial Seizures, Simple, sponsored by Chinese University of Hong Kong. Status unknown at 1 site in Hong Kong. Open to participants aged 12 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-08-27.
Sponsored by Chinese University of Hong Kong · Observational
Background:
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease which affects approximately 70,000 patients in Hong Kong and 50 billion people worldwide. Among these patients one-third remained unresponsive to antiepileptic agents. Continual drug manipulation is an essential therapeutic option for these patients with refractory epilepsy. In particular, rational polytherapy has become the mainstay of treatment for the sub-group of patients who have failed two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
A substantial amount of research has shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Animal models of epilepsy and clinical studies demonstrate that NMDA receptors activity and expression can be altered in association with epilepsy and particularly in some specific seizure types. NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to have antiepileptic effects in both clinical and preclinical studies. There is some evidence that conventional antiepileptic drugs may also affect NMDA receptor function.
Aims:
To investigate the medium to long-term effects of AMPA/NMDA receptor antagonist in an Asian cohort as there is a relative lack of clinical data in this population To explore the efficacy of AMPA/NMDA receptor antagonist in patients with partial onsets seizures that may secondarily generalize and the specific side effects of AMPA/NMDA receptor antagonist in relation to behavioral problems.
Methods:
A semi-prospective design is adopted to recruit patients who are indicated and started on AMPA/NMDA receptor antagonist aged 12 or above in Hong Kong. This study will collect information about demographic details, medical history and seizure information. Assessment of seizure frequency is based on seizure diary and interviews with family members. Physical examination, electrocardiogram and other medical information relevant to the follow-up of the patient will be collected.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease which affects approximately 70,000 patients in Hong Kong and 50 billion people worldwide. Among these patients, one-third remained unresponsive to antiepileptic agents. Continual drug manipulation is an essential therapeutic option for these patients with refractory epilepsy. In particular, rational polytherapy has become the mainstay of treatment for the sub-group of patients who have failed two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
Using AEDs with different mechanisms of action is a strategy adopted by many doctors around the world. In this regard, perampanel (PER) is an agent which is first in its class, with specific antagonistic action on ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor of post-synaptic neurons. The pharmacokinetics of PER suggested that it has a half-life of approximately 105 hours and the steady-state concentrations that can be reached in 14 days. PER is approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins. This metabolism is mediated by CYP 3A4 or CYP 3A5. The usual dosage of PER is between 2mg and 12 mg. PER can be administered once daily.
A total of five clinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of PER among patients with refractory epilepsy. These were all double-blind studies and all of them evaluated the 50% responder rate as a seizure outcome. The corresponding risk ratio for 50% responder rates for 4mg, 8mg and 12mg were 1.54, 1.8 and 1.72. The most common treatment-emergent adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness, headache, fatigue, nasopharyngitis. The pooled results suggested that a higher dose was more efficacious if the side effects could be tolerated. There was an on-going study on the use of PER among patients with secondarily generalized seizures. Perampanel has been approved in many countries such as USA, EU, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Singapore, and Malaysia, as an adjunctive therapy for refractory partial seizures with or without secondary generalisation among patients above 12 years of age.
A substantial amount of research has shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Animal models of epilepsy and clinical studies demonstrate that NMDA receptors activity and expression can be altered in association with epilepsy and particularly in some specific seizure types. NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to have antiepileptic effects in both clinical and preclinical studies. There is some evidence that conventional antiepileptic drugs may also affect NMDA receptor function.
Patients (diagnosed epilepsy with simple partial seizure) who have a baseline seizure rate of more than 2 months would be provided perampanel as adjunctive treatment.
Exclusion Criteria:
A group of patients who aged 12 years or above and have a diagnosis of epilepsy with simple partial seizure and/or complex partial seizures
Drug: Perampanel
This study collects clinical information during the first 16 weeks after the first dose of AMPA/NMDA receptor antagonist. Subjects or caregivers shall provide seizure diary which documents seizure type and seizure frequency as per usual medical care. The final visit will be based on the week-16 visit.
Also known as: Fycompa
Efficacy end-points
The primary efficacy end-points evaluates seizure frequency (per month) in week 0 (baseline) and week 16 (maintenance phase). The investigators will used those seizure frequencies (per month) to calculate the percentage change from baseline to maintenance phase for each subject and categories: no change, between 0 to 50% decrease, 50% to 75% decrease, 75% to 100% decrease.
Time frame: 16 weeks
Seizure freedom rate in study population
The proportion of subjects achieving seizure freedom during the maintenance period will be documented. The percentage of seizure free days in the maintenance phase will also be collected. The investigators will report the seizure freedom rate for the present study population and the average days of achieving seizure freedom.
Time frame: 16 weeks
Psychiatric and behavioral adverse events
The investigators would use the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI) with 12 domains to evaluate the neuropsychiatric events in week 0 (baseline) and week 16 (maintenance phase). The investigators will record each symptom severity (rated 1 occasional to 4 very frequent) and frequency (rated 1 mild to 3 severe).
Time frame: 16 weeks
Plan to share: No — This is a cohort study for perampanel in Hong Kong. There is no plan to make individual participant data to share. The results would be shared in publications. Electronic data will be saved in secured computer of the individual sites with restricted access. The anonymous data will be managed installed for developing future studies.
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Chinese University of Hong Kong