ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03376061DEPOSITIONUpdated Feb 11, 2021Results posted

Decreasing Postoperative Blood Loss by Topical vs. Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Open Cardiac Surgery

A Phase 4 interventional study of Tranexamic Acid in Bleeding and Surgical Blood Loss, sponsored by Population Health Research Institute. Completed at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-02-11.

Primary conditionBlood Loss, SurgicalRegistry: HemorrhageReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Hemorrhage — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Blood Loss, Surgical
Why
  1. The study's listed conditions name Blood Loss, Surgical, a narrower term within Hemorrhage.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by Population Health Research Institute · Phase 4, Interventional, and Prevention

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Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
97
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 46 studies testing Tranexamic Acid in Blood Loss, Surgical — 9 open to participants now, 9 under way, 4 of them phase 3. Tranexamic Acid · Blood Loss, Surgical.

Enrollment
24th of 46
97 · median 98
Started
2017
with 3 others
Phase 4
18 of 46
1 open now
Registered
16th of 46
by date
Lead sponsor
2 of 46
Population Health Research Institute

Among the 46 studies testing Tranexamic Acid in Blood Loss, Surgical, this one is the 24th largest by enrollment, is one of 4 that started in 2017, is one of 18 in phase 4, and was the 16th registered.

Blood Loss, Surgical

213 studies on the registry are indexed under Blood Loss, Surgical; 40 are open to participants now.

Browse Blood Loss, Surgical studies →

Open to participants now

9 of the 46 studies testing Tranexamic Acid in Blood Loss, Surgical are open now, in 6 countries. Recruiting first, the newest first:

4 more — sign in →

By country, each count listing its studies:

All 9 open studies →

About Tranexamic Acid

Tranexamic Acid: first FDA approval 1986 (CYKLOKAPRON). What it is approved for, and how studies give it, is on its page →

Who these studies take

Of the 27 Blood Loss, Surgical studies recruiting now, 10 (37%) set no upper age limit and 14 (52%) stop at 75 or younger; 6 take children under 18; 4 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 46 studies testing Tranexamic Acid in Blood Loss, Surgical, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The aim is to conduct a double-blinded single-centre randomized controlled clinical trial of application of topical dose of tranexamic acid (TA) versus the usual intravenous TA in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the Hamilton General Hospital. This pilot study will assess the feasibility to perform a large randomized international trial exploring this objective.

Read the detailed description

Postoperative bleeding related to open cardiac surgery increases the rates of complications and mortality. It results from the blood thinners that are needed for use. Intravenous tranexamic acid (TA) has become a mainstay in cardiac surgical procedures for decreasing bleeding and minimizing transfusion requirements. Although intravenous TA is usually well tolerated, there is a well-known risk (1 to 4%) of postoperative seizures. This is due to the similarity between TA and the brain tissues. The aim is to eliminate the risk of seizures but to maintain the protection against bleeding. When TA is used directly on the tissues (topically) for other type of surgeries (joints), TA is effective to reduce blood loss and transfusions. The aim is to prove that direct application of TA on the heart can eliminate postoperative seizures and reduce the amount of blood transfusions in patients who have cardiac surgery.

03

Conditions studied

  • Bleeding
  • Surgical Blood Loss

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Tranexamic Acid
  • Cardiac surgery
04

In context

Blood Loss, Surgical Reclassified

213 studies on the registry are indexed under Blood Loss, Surgical; 40 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 97 is above the median of 80 across 160 interventional studies indexed under Blood Loss, Surgical.

Browse Blood Loss, Surgical studies →

Lead sponsor

Population Health Research Institute is the lead sponsor of 115 studies on the registry; 26 are open to participants now.

Of its 5 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 1 (20%) have results posted.

Compared within Blood Loss, Surgical, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Hemorrhage. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

05

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Male or female >= 18 years old
  • Undergoing cardiac surgical procedure with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and median sternotomy
  • Provide written

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Poor (English) language comprehension
  • Minimally invasive valve surgery
  • Off-pump procedures
  • Emergency operations
  • Known history of increased bleeding disorder
  • Thromboembolic disease
  • Allergy to tranexamic acid
  • Severe renal impairment ( \<30 mL/min/1.73m2 )
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

06

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
97 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    TA Topical

    1 syringe of 50ml of topical Tranexamic Acid (5g) or placebo. The topical will be poured into the pericardial mediastinal cavities in 2 equal doses, 25ml when the pt comes off-pump and the other 25ml before sternotomy is closed.

    Drug: Tranexamic Acid

  • Active comparator
    TA Intravenous

    2 syringes of 50ml (5mg) Tranexamic Acid for intravenous injection or placebo.

    Drug: Tranexamic Acid

Interventions

  • Tranexamic Acid is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, post partum, surgery, tooth removal, nose bleeds, and heavy menstruation.

    Also known as: Cyklokapron

07

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Median Volume of Mediastinal Fluid Collected From Participants

    Cumulative volume (mL) of fluid collected from mediastinal drainage tubes 24 hours after the surgical procedure

    Time frame: Fluid collected in the first 24 hours after the surgical procedure

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Seizures

    Patients experiencing a post-operative seizure

    Time frame: Patients will be followed post-operatively until hospital discharge

  2. Number of Participants With Mortality

    The occurrence of death due to any cause

    Time frame: Patients will be followed post-operatively until hospital discharge

  3. Number of Participants With RBC Transfusion

    Patients requiring a red blood cell transfusion

    Time frame: Intra-operative and post-operative RBC transfusions

  4. Number of Participants With Re-operation for Bleeding or Tamponade

    Occurrence of re-operation for the purpose of bleeding or cardiac tamponade

    Time frame: Patients will be followed post-operatively until hospital discharge

  5. Median Number of Hours Participants Spent in ICU

    Number of hours participants spent in the intensive care unit (ICU)

    Time frame: Number of hours spent in ICU from arrival to exit (collected at the Post-Operative Visit).

  6. Mean Concentration of TxA in Plasma Collected From Participants

    Plasma TxA concentrations measured from blood samples taken upon arrival in the ICU

    Time frame: on arrival in ICU within 3 hours

08

Results

Posted Sep 9, 2019
Limitations and caveats
Due to the small sample size (N\<100 patients) the DEPOSITION pilot trial is not sufficiently powered to detect statistically significant differences between topical and intravenous TxA groups.

Participant flow

Between December 2017 and April 2018 a total of 97 patients were randomized to the topical (n = 49) and intravenous (n = 48) groups.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Started4948
Completed4948
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryMedian Volume of Mediastinal Fluid Collected From Participants

Cumulative volume (mL) of fluid collected from mediastinal drainage tubes 24 hours after the surgical procedure

Time frame:
Fluid collected in the first 24 hours after the surgical procedure
Reported as:
Median · mL
Median Volume of Mediastinal Fluid Collected From Participants
mLTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Median Volume of Mediastinal Fluid Collected From Participants500 (350 to 750)540 (420 to 700)
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Seizures

Patients experiencing a post-operative seizure

Time frame:
Patients will be followed post-operatively until hospital discharge
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Seizures
ParticipantsTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Number of Participants With Seizures01
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Mortality

The occurrence of death due to any cause

Time frame:
Patients will be followed post-operatively until hospital discharge
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Mortality
ParticipantsTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Number of Participants With Mortality11
SecondaryNumber of Participants With RBC Transfusion

Patients requiring a red blood cell transfusion

Time frame:
Intra-operative and post-operative RBC transfusions
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With RBC Transfusion
ParticipantsTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Number of Participants With RBC Transfusion1923
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Re-operation for Bleeding or Tamponade

Occurrence of re-operation for the purpose of bleeding or cardiac tamponade

Time frame:
Patients will be followed post-operatively until hospital discharge
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Re-operation for Bleeding or Tamponade
ParticipantsTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Number of Participants With Re-operation for Bleeding or Tamponade01
SecondaryMedian Number of Hours Participants Spent in ICU

Number of hours participants spent in the intensive care unit (ICU)

Time frame:
Number of hours spent in ICU from arrival to exit (collected at the Post-Operative Visit).
Reported as:
Median · hours
Median Number of Hours Participants Spent in ICU
hoursTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Median Number of Hours Participants Spent in ICU23 (19 to 45)26 (22 to 53)
SecondaryMean Concentration of TxA in Plasma Collected From Participants

Plasma TxA concentrations measured from blood samples taken upon arrival in the ICU

Time frame:
on arrival in ICU within 3 hours
Reported as:
Mean · microgram per milliliter per kilogram
Mean Concentration of TxA in Plasma Collected From Participants
microgram per milliliter per kilogramTopical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)
Mean Concentration of TxA in Plasma Collected From Participants0.58 ± 0.411.10 ± 0.52

Adverse events

Collected over 30 days post-operatively. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Topical TxA (Intervention)1/49 (2%)0/49 (0%)0/49 (0%)
Intravenous TxA (Control)1/48 (2.1%)0/48 (0%)0/48 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Mean67.3 ± 9.467.8 ± 9.267.5 ± 9.2
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Female5611
Male444286
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
White/Caucasian464692
Hispanic/Latino022
Southeast Asian/Malaysian101
Aboriginal/Native Persons202
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Canada494897
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus(Participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Count of participants172138
Stroke
Stroke(Participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Count of participants336
Transient ischemic attack
Transient ischemic attack(Participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Count of participants224
Carotid endarterectomy/stent
Carotid endarterectomy/stent(Participants)Topical TxA (Intervention)Intravenous TxA (Control)Total
Count of participants314

5 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

09

Study locations

1 site
  • Hamilton General Hospital
    Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
10

References and documents

Publications

  • Kucuk O, Kwaan HC, Frederickson J, Wade L, Green D. Increased fibrinolytic activity in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass operation. Am J Hematol. 1986 Nov;23(3):223-9. doi: 10.1002/ajh.2830230306. PubMed 3766524 ↗
  • Harker LA, Malpass TW, Branson HE, Hessel EA 2nd, Slichter SJ. Mechanism of abnormal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: acquired transient platelet dysfunction associated with selective alpha-granule release. Blood. 1980 Nov;56(5):824-34. No abstract available. PubMed 6448643 ↗
  • Despotis GJ, Santoro SA, Spitznagel E, Kater KM, Cox JL, Barnes P, Lappas DG. Prospective evaluation and clinical utility of on-site monitoring of coagulation in patients undergoing cardiac operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Jan;107(1):271-9. PubMed 8283896 ↗
  • Lemmer JH Jr, Stanford W, Bonney SL, Breen JF, Chomka EV, Eldredge WJ, Holt WW, Karp RB, Laub GW, Lipton MJ, et al. Aprotinin for coronary bypass operations: efficacy, safety, and influence on early saphenous vein graft patency. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Feb;107(2):543-51; discussion 551-3. PubMed 7508070 ↗
  • Santos AT, Kalil RA, Bauemann C, Pereira JB, Nesralla IA. A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study with tranexamic acid of bleeding and fibrinolytic activity after primary coronary artery bypass grafting. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006 Jan;39(1):63-9. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000100007. Epub 2005 Dec 15. PubMed 16400465 ↗
  • Pleym H, Stenseth R, Wahba A, Bjella L, Karevold A, Dale O. Single-dose tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding after coronary surgery in patients treated with aspirin until surgery. Anesth Analg. 2003 Apr;96(4):923-928. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000054001.37346.03. PubMed 12651635 ↗
  • Myles PS, Smith JA, Forbes A, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T, Cooper DJ, Marasco S, McNeil J, Bussieres JS, McGuinness S, Byrne K, Chan MT, Landoni G, Wallace S; ATACAS Investigators of the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network. Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Coronary-Artery Surgery. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jan 12;376(2):136-148. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606424. Epub 2016 Oct 23. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 22;378(8):782. doi: 10.1056/NEJMx180005. PubMed 27774838 ↗
  • Martin K, Wiesner G, Breuer T, Lange R, Tassani P. The risks of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery: a one-year follow-up of 1188 consecutive patients. Anesth Analg. 2008 Dec;107(6):1783-90. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318184bc20. PubMed 19020118 ↗
  • Kalavrouziotis D, Voisine P, Mohammadi S, Dionne S, Dagenais F. High-dose tranexamic acid is an independent predictor of early seizure after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012 Jan;93(1):148-54. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.07.085. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PubMed 22054656 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

11

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Dec 2017 to primary completion in Sep 2018, 8 months.

Results were first posted in Sep 2019, 1 year after primary completion.

Of 24 non-industry phase 4 interventional studies under Blood Loss, Surgical, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 25. This study's 8 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 24 studies reached it within 12 months; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 25.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 17, 2017
First posted
Dec 18, 2017
StartActual
Dec 21, 2017
Primary completionActual
Sep 4, 2018
CompletionActual
Sep 4, 2018
Results first posted
Sep 9, 2019
Last update
Feb 11, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 11, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
12

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03376061
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 18, 2017
Start date
Dec 21, 2017
Primary completion
Sep 4, 2018
Completion
Sep 4, 2018
Results posted
Sep 9, 2019
Last update
Feb 11, 2021

Study contacts

Andre Lamy, MD MHSc
principal investigator · Population Health Research Institute

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Studies of the drug tested here: Tranexamic Acid

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