ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03371810PROUDUpdated Oct 19, 2020

Prevention of Comorbid Depression and Obesity in Attention-deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

A Phase 2 interventional study of Bright light therapy and Physical exercise in Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression and Obesity, sponsored by Goethe University. Completed at 4 sites in 4 countries. Open to participants aged 14 Years to 45 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-10-19.

Sponsored by Goethe University · Phase 2, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
207
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
14 Years to 45 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 63 studies in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity with a site in Germany — 2 open to participants now, 2 under way, none of them phase 3. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity · Germany.

Enrollment
21st of 55
207 · median 150
Started
2017
the only one that year
Phase 2
3 of 63
1 open now
Registered
48th of 63
by date

Among the 63 studies in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity with a site in Germany, this one is the 21st largest by enrollment of the 55 interventional ones that give a count, is the only one that started in 2017, is one of 3 in phase 2, and was the 48th registered.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

1,817 studies on the registry are indexed under Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; 296 are open to participants now.

Browse Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity studies →

Open to participants now

2 of the 63 studies in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity with a site in Germany are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

All 2 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Germany have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Germany →

Who these studies take

Of the 201 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity studies recruiting now, 27 (13%) set no upper age limit and 169 (84%) stop at 75 or younger; 141 take children under 18; 55 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 14 Years to 45 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 63 studies in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity with a site in Germany, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Depression and obesity are very common among adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, intervention programmes to prevent these comorbid disorders rarely exist. In a pilot randomized-controlled study we test two newly developed intervention programmes that do not involve medication: bright light therapy and physical exercise. Both interventions will be supported by a mobile Health application to monitor and feedback intervention success and booster patients' motivation.

Read the detailed description

The risk for comorbid major depressive disorder and obesity is increased in adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and adolescent ADHD predicts adults major depressive disorder and obesity. Nonpharmacological interventions to prevent these comorbidities are urgently needed. Bright light therapy (BLT) improves day-night rhythm and is an established therapy for major depression in adolescents and adults. Exercise prevents and reduces obesity in adolescents and adults and also improves depressive symptoms. Interestingly, a reinforcement-based intervention using a mobile health app (m-Health) resulted in improved effects on weightloss in obesity. The aim of the current pilot randomized-controlled phase-IIa study is to establish feasibility and effect sizes of two kinds of interventions, BLT and exercise, in combination with m-Health based monitoring and reinforcement in adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 45 years old with ADHD, targeting the prevention of depressive symptoms and obesity. In addition, immediate and long-term treatment effects on ADHD specific psychopathology, health related quality of life, fitness and body related measures, neurocognitive functions and chronotype are explored. Furthermore, saliva samples are taken in a subgroup of adult patients to explore the effects of BLT and exercise on concentrations of hormones. This subgroup of adult patients will also participate in an additional neuroimaging study of the reward system in order to explore intervention effects on striatal reward reactivity.

03

Conditions studied

  • Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Depression
  • Obesity

Keywords

  • attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder
  • depression
  • obesity
  • prevention
  • bright light therapy
  • exercise
  • mobile healthy system
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
14 Years to 45 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Diagnosis of ADHD according to , Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria
  • Stable treatment as usual comprising pharmacotherapy, group based or individual cognitive behavioural therapy (not including elements of bright light therapy or exercise)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Intelligence Quotient (IQ) below 75
  • Any severe (comorbid) psychiatric disorder with necessary additional psychopharmaco or daycare/ inpatient therapy beyond treatment as usual
  • Severe medical/ neurological condition not allowing bright light therapy or exercise
  • History of epilepsy
  • Use of antipsychotics, antiepileptic or photosensitising medication
  • Substance abuse/ dependency
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

DSM diagnostic criteria

The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
207 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Bright light therapy

    Mobile therapeutic light (10.000 LUX), daily (except Sunday) for 30 min in the morning or evening for 10 weeks in total. Additional treatment as usual comprising pharmacotherapy, group based or individual cognitive behavioural therapy (not including elements of bright light therapy or exercise) is allowed.

    Behavioral: Bright light therapy

  • Experimental
    Physical exercise

    Aerobic exercise of moderate-to-vigorous intensity three days a week plus muscle-strengthening exercises two days a week during 10 weeks in total. Additional treatment as usual comprising pharmacotherapy, group based or individual cognitive behavioural therapy (not including elements of bright light therapy or exercise) is allowed.

    Behavioral: Physical exercise

  • No intervention
    Treatment as usual

    Stable treatment as usual comprising pharmacotherapy, group based or individual cognitive behavioural therapy (not including elements of bright light therapy or exercise).

Interventions

  • BehavioralBright light therapy

    Mobile therapeutic light (10.000 LUX, white light without UV light), daily (except Sunday) for 30 min in the morning or evening for 10 weeks in total at home provided by a bright light therapy device (Philips EnergyLight HF 3419). Monitoring and feedback will be realized with the m-Health system comprising of a smartphone equipped with the m-Health App, and an activity sensor equipped with a light sensor to monitor the light exposure of the participant.

    Also known as: Device: smartphone with m-Health app, Device: Philips EnergyLight HF 3419

  • BehavioralPhysical exercise

    During 10 weeks participants perform three days of aerobic activities proposed and in two of these days also do muscle-strengthening exercise. Specifically, a training day consists of: (i) a 5-min warm-up period, (ii) a 10-35 min of muscle-strength training on two of the three days, (iii) a 20-40 min of aerobic training, (iii), and a 5-min of flexibility/stretching cool-down. During the course of the 10 weeks, the duration and intensity of the exercises will increase gradually. Instruction, monitoring, and feedback will be realised by the m-Health system including a smartphone equipped with the m-Health app and Secure Digital Memory cards to store the exercise videos as well as an activity sensor equipped with a mobile sensor for the acquisition of physical activity.

    Also known as: Device: smartphone with m-Health app

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change from baseline in clinician-rated depressive symptoms (observer-blinded assessment)

    Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (clinician-rated)

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change from baseline in clinician-rated depressive symptoms (observer-blinded assessment)

    Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (clinician-rated)

    Time frame: baseline, follow up (22 weeks after baseline)

  2. Change from baseline in clinician-rated ADHD symptoms

    ADHD Rating Scales for adults and children

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  3. Change from baseline in self-reported severity of depressive symptoms

    Beck Depression Inventory II

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  4. Change from baseline in self-reported health status

    Health Questionnaire EQ-5D-3L

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  5. Change from baseline in self-reported health related quality of life

    Short Form Health Questionnaire General Health Questionnaire

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  6. Change from baseline in self-reported general health status

    General Health Questionnaire General Health Questionnaire

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  7. Change from baseline in self-reported emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents

    Youth self-report

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  8. Change from baseline in self-reported emotional and behavioural problems in adults

    Adult self-report

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  9. Change from baseline in circadian rhythm

    Munich Chronotype Questionnaire

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  10. Change from baseline in cognitive emotion regulation

    Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  11. Change from baseline in neurocognitive functions: verbal memory

    Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  12. Change from baseline in neurocognitive functions: Digit span

    Digit span

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  13. Change from baseline in self-reported physical fitness

    International Fitness Scale

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  14. Change from baseline in general muscular fitness

    handgrip strength test

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  15. Change from baseline in muscular fitness

    standing long jump test

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  16. Change from baseline in aerobic fitness

    Chester step test

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  17. Change from baseline in body mass index

    body mass index measured by clinician

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  18. Change from baseline in waist circumference

    waist circumference measured by clinician

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  19. Change from baseline in waist-to-hip ratio

    waist-to-hip ratio measured by clinician

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  20. Change from baseline in body fat percentage

    based on skinfold thickness measurements using a skinfold caliper

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  21. Change from baseline in heart rate

    heart rate measured by clinician

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  22. Change from baseline in blood pressure

    blood pressure measured by clinician

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline), follow-up (22 weeks after baseline)

  23. Change from baseline in number of steps

    number of steps measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  24. Change from baseline in movement acceleration

    movement acceleration measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  25. Change from baseline in sleep time

    sleep time measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  26. Change from baseline in context parameters

    context measured with the mobile Health

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  27. Change from baseline in mood regulation

    mood regulation measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  28. Change from baseline in reward reactivity

    reward reactivity measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  29. Change from baseline in stress reactivity

    stress reactivity measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  30. Change from baseline in inattention

    inattention measured with the mobile Health app

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  31. Change from baseline in melatonin concentration

    Saliva sample will be taken to measure melatonin concentration

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  32. Change from baseline in cortisol concentration

    Saliva sample will be taken to measure cortisol concentration

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  33. Change from baseline in leptin concentration

    Saliva sample will be taken to measure leptin concentration

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  34. Change from baseline in ghrelin concentration

    Saliva sample will be taken to measure ghrelin concentration

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

  35. Change from baseline in neural activity associated with reward processing

    Striatal functional magnetic resonance imaging signal related to reward processing

    Time frame: baseline, end of intervention (10 weeks after baseline)

07

Study locations

4 sites
  • Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
    Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • Radboud University Medical Centre, Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Department of Psychiatry
    Nijmegen, Netherlands
  • Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction
    Barcelona, Spain
  • King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
    London, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Mayer JS, Hees K, Medda J, Grimm O, Asherson P, Bellina M, Colla M, Ibanez P, Koch E, Martinez-Nicolas A, Muntaner-Mas A, Rommel A, Rommelse N, de Ruiter S, Ebner-Priemer UW, Kieser M, Ortega FB, Thome J, Buitelaar JK, Kuntsi J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reif A, Freitag CM. Bright light therapy versus physical exercise to prevent co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Feb 26;19(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2426-1. PubMed 29482662 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Mar 2017 to primary completion in Aug 2020, 41 months.

Of 40 phase 2 interventional studies under Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, half reached primary completion within 15 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 34. This study's 41 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 3, 2017
First posted
Dec 13, 2017
StartActual
Mar 13, 2017
Primary completionActual
Aug 31, 2020
CompletionActual
Aug 31, 2020
Last update
Oct 19, 2020
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 19, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03371810
Lead sponsor
Goethe University
Responsible party
Christine M. Freitag (Prof. Dr., Goethe University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 13, 2017
Start date
Mar 13, 2017
Primary completion
Aug 31, 2020
Completion
Aug 31, 2020
Last update
Oct 19, 2020

Study contacts

Christine M Freitag, Prof. Dr.
principal investigator · Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion