ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03331978Updated Jan 18, 2023Results posted

A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Intervention for HIV+ African Americans

An interventional study of Rise - Treatment Education in HIV/AIDS, sponsored by RAND. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-01-18.

Sponsored by RAND · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
306
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 1,670 studies in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with a site in United States — 111 open to participants now, 153 under way, 9 of them phase 3. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome · United States.

Enrollment
223rd of 1,290
306 · median 60
Started
2018
with 67 others
No phase
642 of 1,670
59 open now
Registered
1,219th of 1,670
by date

Among the 1,670 studies in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with a site in United States, this one is the 223rd largest by enrollment of the 1,290 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 68 that started in 2018, is one of 642 with no phase, and was the 1,219th registered.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

3,037 studies on the registry are indexed under Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; 307 are open to participants now.

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Open to participants now

111 of the 1,670 studies in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

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All 111 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 198 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome studies recruiting now, 118 (60%) set no upper age limit and 67 (34%) stop at 75 or younger; 43 take children under 18; 68 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

Project Rise is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an innovative, culturally congruent treatment education (TE) intervention for African Americans with HIV that targets cultural and social issues contributing to health disparities.

Read the detailed description

Project Rise is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an innovative, culturally congruent treatment education (TE) intervention for African Americans with HIV that targets cultural and social issues contributing to health disparities. TE facilitates patient navigation through the medical system and provides treatment education and client-centered counseling to improve adherence and retention in care. TE targets structural issues in healthcare and patients' lives by advocating to providers to improve patient-provider relationships, recommending changes in treatment and/or providers, and referring patients to mental health and social services.

A total of 350 Black participants will be recruited through APLA Health and randomly assigned to the intervention or usual care control group (175 per group). Adherence will be electronically monitored daily (and downloaded bi-monthly) from baseline to 13-months post-baseline. Viral load will be assessed through venipuncture at baseline and 6- and 13-months post-baseline. It is hypothesized that the intervention group will show better adherence and have a greater likelihood of suppressed viral load than the control group over time.

03

Conditions studied

  • HIV/AIDS

Keywords

  • Adherence
  • Antiretroviral treatment
  • Black/ AfricanAmerican
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • -positive
  • 18 years of age or older
  • Self-identified as African American/Black
  • Been prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the past 12 months
  • Self-reported adherence problems (i.e. missed at least 1 ART dose in the past month) and/or detectable viral load
  • Willing to use Medication Events Monitoring System (MEMS) for electronic adherence monitoring.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • -negative
  • 17 years of age or younger
  • Not self-identified as African American/Black, not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or not prescribed ART therapy in the last than 12 months
  • No self-reported adherence problems and/or no detectable viral load
  • Not willing to use Medication Events Monitoring System (MEMS) for electronic adherence monitoring.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Investigator)
Enrollment
306 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Rise - Treatment Education

    Rise consists of a one-month intensive intervention (with three core 60-minute counseling sessions at weeks 1, 2, and 4) followed by two booster sessions (at weeks 12 and 20). If participants show nonadherence during booster sessions, they are offered up to four additional booster sessions (i.e., extra booster sessions if \<85% of prescribed doses were taken in the past month). Thus, participants receive three core sessions in the first month, followed by 2-6 booster sessions over the next four months.

    Behavioral: Rise - Treatment Education

  • No intervention
    Control - No Treatment Education

    The Usual Care control group will only receive standard of care through their HIV clinics.

Interventions

  • BehavioralRise - Treatment Education

    Rise consists of a one-month intensive intervention (with three core 60-minute counseling sessions at weeks 1, 2, and 4) followed by two booster sessions (at weeks 12 and 20). If participants show nonadherence during booster sessions, they are offered up to four additional booster sessions (i.e., extra booster sessions if \<85% of prescribed doses were taken in the past month). Thus, participants receive three core sessions in the first month, followed by 2-6 booster sessions over the next four months.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Continuous Adherence

    Percentage of doses taken of those prescribed from electronic monitoring. Here we present all data collected at all time points used in analysis. Evaluation of intervention efficacy was performed with repeated measures regression using continuous adherence measurements at all 6 months post-intervention (7th through 12th month post-baseline) and was restricted to those with adherence data at baseline.

    Time frame: baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 months post-baseline

  2. Dichotomous Adherence

    Number of Participants who Reported Taking Greater Than or Equal to 75% of Prescribed Dosage, based on electronic monitoring. Here we present all data collected at all time points used in analysis. Evaluation of intervention efficacy was performed with repeated measures regression using adherence measurements at all 6 months post-intervention (7th through 12th month post-baseline) and was restricted to those with adherence data at baseline.

    Time frame: baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 months post-baseline

  3. Viral Suppression

    Viral load undetectable per venipuncture or medical records

    Time frame: baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7 and 12 months post-baseline. For 7M, medical records were used if within 90 days of survey completion; for 13 months, medical records were used if within 90 days before or 180 days after survey

Secondary outcomes

  1. Internalized HIV Stigma

    Measure is count of participants who "slightly agree" or "strongly agree" with either "Most people with AIDS are responsible for having their illness" or "A person with AIDS must have done something wrong and deserves to be punished."

    Time frame: baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7 and 12 months post-baseline

  2. Medical Mistrust

    Outcome is mean agreement with 9 HIV-related conspiracy beliefs, each measured on a 5-point scale from 1=Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree.

    Time frame: baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7 and 12 months post-baseline

07

Results

Posted Jan 18, 2023

Participant flow

Enrollment started on January 23, 2018 (and lasted until July 2020). The study setting was a large community-based HIV services organization that is connected to a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in Los Angeles County, California.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
Started122123
Completed8581
Not completed3742

Outcome measures

PrimaryContinuous Adherence

Percentage of doses taken of those prescribed from electronic monitoring. Here we present all data collected at all time points used in analysis. Evaluation of intervention efficacy was performed with repeated measures regression using continuous adherence measurements at all 6 months post-intervention (7th through 12th month post-baseline) and was restricted to those with adherence data at baseline.

Time frame:
baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 months post-baseline
Reported as:
Mean · percentage of doses taken
Continuous Adherence
percentage of doses takenRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
7 months post-baseline68.80 ± 29.6370.95 ± 27.24
8 months post-baseline72.76 ± 26.1670.02 ± 26.11
9 months post-baseline72.09 ± 25.3964.62 ± 31.41
10 months post-baseline71.27 ± 27.5971.08 ± 25.24
11 months post-baseline69.87 ± 28.2663.76 ± 31.44
12 months post-baseline70.32 ± 26.7770.46 ± 23.55
Statistical analysis
  • Rise - Treatment Education vs Control - No Treatment Education · Regression, Linear · p = .08 · Mean difference (net): 6.89 · 95% CI -0.82 to 14.61Values entered are for regression coefficient for intervention indicator (versus control) and represents the adjusted difference across all follow-up time points.
PrimaryDichotomous Adherence

Number of Participants who Reported Taking Greater Than or Equal to 75% of Prescribed Dosage, based on electronic monitoring. Here we present all data collected at all time points used in analysis. Evaluation of intervention efficacy was performed with repeated measures regression using adherence measurements at all 6 months post-intervention (7th through 12th month post-baseline) and was restricted to those with adherence data at baseline.

Time frame:
baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 months post-baseline
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Dichotomous Adherence
ParticipantsRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
7 months post-baseline4543
8 months post-baseline4440
9 months post-baseline4338
10 months post-baseline4232
11 months post-baseline4029
12 months post-baseline3728
Statistical analysis
  • Rise - Treatment Education vs Control - No Treatment Education · Regression, Logistic · p = .0257 (Per above, p-value is from repeated measures logistic regression with standard errors adjusted for clustering on participant.) · Odds ratio (or): 1.98 · 95% CI 1.09 to 3.60Odds ratio is for intervention indicator (versus controls).
PrimaryViral Suppression

Viral load undetectable per venipuncture or medical records

Time frame:
baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7 and 12 months post-baseline. For 7M, medical records were used if within 90 days of survey completion; for 13 months, medical records were used if within 90 days before or 180 days after survey
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Viral Suppression
ParticipantsRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
7 month post-baseline4560
12 month post-baseline5056
Statistical analysis
  • Rise - Treatment Education vs Control - No Treatment Education · Regression, Logistic · p = .26 (As mentioned above, p-value comes from repeated measures regression with standard errors adjusted for clustering on participant.) · Odds ratio (or): 1.82 · 95% CI 0.64 to 5.18Odds ratio is for intervention indicator (versus controls).
SecondaryInternalized HIV Stigma

Measure is count of participants who "slightly agree" or "strongly agree" with either "Most people with AIDS are responsible for having their illness" or "A person with AIDS must have done something wrong and deserves to be punished."

Time frame:
baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7 and 12 months post-baseline
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Internalized HIV Stigma
ParticipantsRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
7 months post-baseline2529
12 months post-baseline1526
Statistical analysis
  • Rise - Treatment Education vs Control - No Treatment Education · Regression, Logistic · p = .05 (As mentioned above, p-value is from repeated measures regression with standard errors adjusted for clustering on participant.) · Odds ratio (or): 0.57 · 95% CI 0.32 to 1.00Odds ratio is for intervention indicator (versus controls).
SecondaryMedical Mistrust

Outcome is mean agreement with 9 HIV-related conspiracy beliefs, each measured on a 5-point scale from 1=Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree.

Time frame:
baseline (pre-treatment) and post-treatment observations at 7 and 12 months post-baseline
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Medical Mistrust
score on a scaleRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
7 months post-baseline2.62 ± 1.042.65 ± 0.92
12 months post-baseline2.41 ± 0.942.56 ± 1.07
Statistical analysis
  • Rise - Treatment Education vs Control - No Treatment Education · Regression, Linear · p = .0199 (As described above, p-value is from repeated measures regression with standard errors adjusted for clustering on participant) · Mean difference (net): -0.215 · 95% CI -0.395 to -0.034Estimation parameter is the regression coefficient for intervention indicator (vs. control) and represents the adjusted difference across both follow-up time points.

Adverse events

Collected over 12 months (the timeframe that each participant was in the study). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Rise - Treatment Education0/122 (0%)0/122 (0%)3/122 (2.5%)
Control - No Treatment Education2/123 (1.6%)0/123 (0%)3/123 (2.4%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventRise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment Education
Other Adverse EventGeneral disorders3/1223/123

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
<=18 years101
Between 18 and 65 years111114225
>=65 years10919
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
Mean49.09 ± 12.3848.85 ± 11.9948.97 ± 12.16
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
Female252348
Male97100197
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
Hispanic or Latino111122
Not Hispanic or Latino111112223
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American112110222
White000
More than one race101323
Unknown or Not Reported000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
United States122123245
Continuous Adherence
Continuous Adherence(percentage of doses taken)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
Mean74.7 ± 22.075.7 ± 24.875.2 ± 23.4
Dichotomous Adherence
Dichotomous Adherence(Participants)Rise - Treatment EducationControl - No Treatment EducationTotal
Count of participants6476140

3 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

08

Study locations

1 site
  • AIDS Project Los Angeles
    Los Angeles, California 90016, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

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  • Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986 Dec;51(6):1173-82. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173. PubMed 3806354 ↗
  • Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods. 2008 Aug;40(3):879-91. doi: 10.3758/brm.40.3.879. PubMed 18697684 ↗
  • Dang Q, Mazumdar S, Houck PR. Sample size and power calculations based on generalized linear mixed models with correlated binary outcomes. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2008 Aug;91(2):122-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.03.001. Epub 2008 May 6. PubMed 18462826 ↗
  • Mackinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J. Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods. Multivariate Behav Res. 2004 Jan 1;39(1):99. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4. PubMed 20157642 ↗
  • Garber AM, Phelps CE. Economic foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis. J Health Econ. 1997 Feb;16(1):1-31. doi: 10.1016/s0167-6296(96)00506-1. PubMed 10167341 ↗
  • Campbell MK, Torgerson DJ. Bootstrapping: estimating confidence intervals for cost-effectiveness ratios. QJM. 1999 Mar;92(3):177-82. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/92.3.177. PubMed 10326078 ↗
  • Gorsky RD. A method to measure the costs of counseling for HIV prevention. Public Health Rep. 1996;111 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):115-22. PubMed 8862166 ↗
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Complete Listing of Medication Adherence Evidence-based Behavioral Interventions. 2015; Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/research/interventionresearch/compendium/ma/complete.html.
  • Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf.
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Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jan 2018 to primary completion in Nov 2021, 45 months.

Results were first posted in Jan 2023, 1 year 2 months after primary completion.

Of 642 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, half reached primary completion within 30 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 45. This study's 45 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 648 studies reached it within 29 months; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 45.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 30, 2017
First posted
Nov 6, 2017
StartActual
Jan 23, 2018
Primary completionActual
Nov 7, 2021
CompletionActual
Nov 7, 2021
Results first posted
Jan 18, 2023
Last update
Jan 18, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 18, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03331978
Lead sponsor
RAND
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Nov 6, 2017
Start date
Jan 23, 2018
Primary completion
Nov 7, 2021
Completion
Nov 7, 2021
Results posted
Jan 18, 2023
Last update
Jan 18, 2023

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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