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CompletedNCT03306433K18Updated Oct 7, 2021Results posted

Prevention of Enamel Demineralization by Use of K18-smooth Surface Sealant

An interventional study of UDMA-K18 smooth surface sealant in Dental Caries, sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 12 Years to 89 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-10-07.

Sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
16
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
12 Years to 89 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will evaluate effectiveness of a urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-quaternary ammonium methacrylate (K18) resin (UDMA-K18) smooth surface sealant to prevent biofilm attachment to tooth surfaces thereby eliminating the possibility for the tooth to be demineralized. The hypothesis is that UDMA-K18 containing smooth surface sealant will be more effective at reducing enamel demineralization than the UDMA control or no treatment.

Read the detailed description

Esthetics is a motivating factor to seek orthodontic treatment. However, if oral hygiene is inadequate during fixed appliance wear, unsightly white spot lesions (WSL) may develop. WSLs are areas of enamel demineralization that develop due to microbial assault that manifest as white, chalky opacity on the enamel. Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) can be modified to produce an antimicrobial compound, UDMA-K18, that has been proven to decrease microbial attachment in-vitro. (Sticker 2016) The use of a UDMA-K18 containing sealant may help to eliminate the development of WSLs around orthodontic brackets.

This study will place experimental or control smooth surface resins on teeth that are scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons. These teeth are typically bicuspids that are to be extracted to create room for the orthodontic movement of teeth. These teeth are usually not extracted at the advent of first orthodontic bracket bonding but are extracted about 30 days later. The design of this study is to place sealants on those teeth (or as control, no sealant) and evaluate the teeth after they have been extracted.

Design: The study is a prospective, paired randomized control trial for which treatment (no sealant, UDMA-control, or UDMA-K18 sealant) will be applied clinically and evaluated on extracted teeth in laboratory conditions.

Procedures: Before bonding, one premolar per patient will be assigned to a group. The group each premolar is assigned to will be determined by a randomized, computer generated program. The allocation will be concealed in an opaque envelope that will be opened at the time of initial bonding. If a fourth premolar is planned for extraction, a random selection of the treatments will be selected in a 1:1:1 ratio and this treatment will be applied to the fourth premolar.

At the time of initial bonding, the UDMA and UDMA-K18 sealant will be applied to the selected premolar following manufacturer instructions. Briefly, the clinician will isolate the teeth using the NOLA Dry Field System and excess saliva will be removed by drying the teeth with an air-water syringe. In the treatment group, 37 % Phosphoric Acid will be applied to the entire buccal surface for 30 seconds, rinsed, and dried. Next, the assigned sealant will be evenly applied to the entire buccal surface of the premolar and light cured. The sealant which is adhesive will be applied to the bracket pad and the bracket pad will be pushed to place, excess cement will be removed and light cured.

In the control group, 37 % Phosphoric Acid will be applied for 30 seconds strictly to the area where the bracket will be bonded on the buccal surface, rinsed, and dried. No sealant will be applied. The adhesive sealant will be applied to the bracket pad and the bracket pad will be pushed to place, excess cement will be removed and light cured. After 3-6 weeks, the patient will have their premolars extracted. After extraction they will be placed in a Tooth Storage Solution (25 % ethanol, 75 % water with the addition of saturated hydroxyapatite, 20 mg of NaN3, and 40 mg Thymol) that is antimicrobial and does not alter the tooth surface. These teeth will be collected by the investigators for histologic study.

The collected, extracted teeth will be sectioned using a water-cooled, Buhler slow speed diamond saw in three 2mm sections through the bracket base. A polarized light microscopy (PLM) digitized photograph of the cross-sectional sample will be analyzed to determine the depth of lesions, if present. The mineral density profile will be analyzed using contact micro radiography (TMR).

02

Conditions studied

  • Dental Caries

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Keywords

  • dental caries
  • white spot lesion
  • prevention
  • smooth surface sealant
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
12 Years to 89 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Orthodontic patients at the Department of Orthodontics Clinic, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado who agree to consent to this study.
  • Orthodontic treatment plans that include fixed appliances from the second premolar to second premolar in both arches.
  • Orthodontic treatment plans that include extractions of at least 3 bicuspids at about 1 month after bracket placement.
  • The patient has adequate oral hygiene

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Evidence of decalcification or restorations on any of the premolars planned for extraction prior to orthodontic treatment,
  • Pregnant women (self reported)
  • Any condition that contraindicates orthodontic treatment,
  • Not willing to consent to the study.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
16 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    UDMA-K18

    UDMA-K18 smooth surface sealant

    Device: UDMA-K18 smooth surface sealant

  • Placebo comparator
    UDMA-control

    UDMA smooth surface sealant without K18

    Device: UDMA-K18 smooth surface sealant

  • No intervention
    Negative control

    No intervention to provide baseline

Interventions

  • DeviceUDMA-K18 smooth surface sealant

    The K18 as part of the UDMA polymer network (UDMA-K18) is hypothesized to prevent microbial attachment to the surface.

    Also known as: UDMA-control

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Mineral Density Determined by the Canary Caries Detection System

    The mineral density immediately below the surface of the tooth will lower if left unprotected to some extent.

    Time frame: Visit Window: 3-4 weeks.

Secondary outcomes

  1. White Spot Lesion (WSL) Index

    The WSL Index is from 0 (no lesion) to 4 (severe lesion)

    Time frame: Visit Window: 3-4 weeks.

06

Results

Posted Oct 7, 2021

Participant flow

Recruitment began in January 2018 and ended in October 2018. Participants were recruited from the patient pool at the University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine Department of Orthodontics. Eligible candidates were offered the opportunity to participate in the study.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneAll Participants
Started16
Udma-k1812
Adhesive control12
Udma-control9
Completed9
Not completed7
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up3
Withdrew: Patient did not have teeth extracted1
Withdrew: Teeth not sent to the lab or participant only had two teeth for extraction3

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in Mineral Density Determined by the Canary Caries Detection System

The mineral density immediately below the surface of the tooth will lower if left unprotected to some extent.

Time frame:
Visit Window: 3-4 weeks.
Reported as:
Mean · Canary Number
Change in Mineral Density Determined by the Canary Caries Detection System
Canary NumberUDMA-K18UDMA-controlAdhesive Control
Change in Mineral Density Determined by the Canary Caries Detection System23.424 ± 3.28831.125 ± 4.27535.563 ± 7.378
Statistical analysis
  • UDMA-K18 vs Adhesive Control · Paired difference test, 2 sided · p = 0.0003 (Paired difference p value comparing UDMA-K18 vs Adhesive Control) · Paired difference t-test: -12.139There are 12 participants (pairs) for this comparison
  • UDMA-K18 vs UDMA-control · Paired difference test, 2 sided · p = 0.0063 (Paired differrnce between UDMA-K18 and UDMA control) · Paired difference t-test: -7.412There are 9 participant pairs for this comparison
SecondaryWhite Spot Lesion (WSL) Index

The WSL Index is from 0 (no lesion) to 4 (severe lesion)

Time frame:
Visit Window: 3-4 weeks.
Reported as:
Median · White spot Index
White Spot Lesion (WSL) Index
White spot IndexUDMA-K18UDMA-controlAdhesive Control
White Spot Lesion (WSL) Index0 (0 to 2)2 (0 to 2)2 (1 to 3)
Statistical analysis
  • UDMA-K18 vs Adhesive Control · Chi-squared · p = 0.0033 · Chi square on wsl index frequency: 15.77
  • UDMA-K18 vs UDMA-control · Chi-squared · p = 0.1450 · Chi square on wsl index frequency: 6.8321

Adverse events

Collected over 10 Months, January 2018 to October 2018. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
UDMA-K180/16 (0%)0/16 (0%)0/16 (0%)
UDMA-control0/16 (0%)0/16 (0%)0/16 (0%)
Adhesive Control0/16 (0%)0/16 (0%)0/16 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(Years)All Participants
Age13.8 ± 2.3
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)All Participants
Female8
Male8
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)All Participants
Hispanic or Latino11
Not Hispanic or Latino5
Unknown or Not Reported0
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)All Participants
United States16
Canary Score
Canary Score(Canary Numbers)All Participants
Mean7 (0 to 15)
07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Colorado, School of Dental Medicine
    Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Schmuck BD, Carey CM. Improved Contact X-Ray Microradiographic Method to Measure Mineral Density of Hard Dental Tissues. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 2010 Apr 1;115(2):75-83. doi: 10.6028/jres.115.006. Print 2010 Mar-Apr. PubMed 21546983 ↗
  • Gong SQ, Niu LN, Kemp LK, Yiu CK, Ryou H, Qi YP, Blizzard JD, Nikonov S, Brackett MG, Messer RL, Wu CD, Mao J, Bryan Brister L, Rueggeberg FA, Arola DD, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Quaternary ammonium silane-functionalized, methacrylate resin composition with antimicrobial activities and self-repair potential. Acta Biomater. 2012 Sep;8(9):3270-82. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.05.031. Epub 2012 May 29. PubMed 22659173 ↗
  • Liu SY, Tonggu L, Niu LN, Gong SQ, Fan B, Wang L, Zhao JH, Huang C, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Antimicrobial activity of a quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate-containing acrylic resin: a randomised clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 23;6:21882. doi: 10.1038/srep21882. PubMed 26903314 ↗
  • Wefel JS, Harless JD. Comparison of artificial white spots by microradiography and polarized light microscopy. J Dent Res. 1984 Nov;63(11):1271-5. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630110301. PubMed 6094633 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Dec 14, 2017

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — The COMIRB approval and the consent forms specify that we cannot share PHI except as mandated by law. Therefore we do not intend to share any IPD to other researchers.

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03306433
Lead sponsor
University of Colorado, Denver
Collaborators
University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 11, 2017
Start date
Jan 8, 2018
Primary completion
Dec 7, 2018
Completion
Dec 7, 2018
Results posted
Oct 7, 2021
Last update
Oct 7, 2021

Study contacts

Clifton Carey, PhD
principal investigator · Professor, Dir Translational Research, University of Colorado, School of Dental Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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