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RecruitingNCT03301038RICHHUpdated Jun 22, 2026

Rifampin in CYP24A1-related Hypercalcemia and Hypercalciuria

A Phase 2 interventional study of Rifampin in Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcaemia - Severe Form, Genetic Disease and Hypercalcemia, Idiopathic, of Infancy, sponsored by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 6 Months to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-22.

Sponsored by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
6 Months to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study evaluates the efficacy of rifampin in the treatment of hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria in participants with at least one inactivating mutation of the CYP24A1 gene. Eligible subjects will receive rifampin for a total of 16 weeks during this study.

Read the detailed description

Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH; omim 143880) is a genetic disorder of mineral metabolism characterized by severe hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria, suppressed serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and elevated levels of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D. Biallelic inactivating mutations of CYP24A1, the gene encoding the 24-hydroxylase enzyme that represents the principal pathway for inactivation of vitamin D metabolites, cause the most common and severe form of IIH.

Investigators have preliminary data supporting a novel therapeutic approach to repurpose rifampin as an agent to induce over-expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, enzymes that are expressed in the liver and intestine. When these enzymes are induced, the increased enzyme activity provides an alternative catabolic pathway for inactivation of vitamin D metabolites. The purpose of this study is to obtain support for an open label, escalating dose study to assess the effect, safety, and tolerability of once daily oral rifampin in participants with IIH due to inactivating mutations in CYP24A1.

In this study, Investigators will recruit 60 patients with at least one inactivating mutation of CYP24A1. Participants will be observed for 8-weeks before a 16-week treatment phase of rifampin and 8 further weeks of observation. In addition to following the effect of treatment on calcium homeostasis, Investigators will also study the pharmacokinetics of rifampin in this condition and the effect on intestinal calcium absorption.

02

Conditions studied

  • Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcaemia - Severe Form
  • Genetic Disease
  • Hypercalcemia, Idiopathic, of Infancy
  • Hypercalciuric Hypercalcemia
  • Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia - Mild Form
  • Hypercalciuria

Keywords

  • hypercalcemia
  • nephrocalcinosis
  • CYP24A1
  • hypercalciuria
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Months to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Males or females age 6 months to 65 years.
  • at least one mutations of CYP24A1
  • Serum and/or urinary calcium above the normal reference range for age
  • Serum PTH concentration \<20 pg/ml
  • Elevated or normal serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Parents/guardians or subjects who, in the opinion of the Investigator, may be non-compliant with study schedules or procedures.
  • Allergy to rifampin or related medications
  • Current therapies with medications that have significant drug-drug interactions with rifampin, defined as a medication considered to interact with CYP3A4 or CYP3A5 and either induce or inhibit expression or function of these P450 enzymes. By "drug-drug" interactions we are looking for medications that will affect metabolism or action of rifampin as exclusionary, not medications that will be affected by rifampin.
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Laboratory abnormalities that indicate clinically significant hepatic, or renal disease:
  • Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) > 2.0 times the upper limit of normal Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) > 2.0 times the upper limit of normal Total bilirubin > 2.0 times the upper limit of normal Creatinine > 2.0 times the upper limit of normal
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    All Subjects

    SingleArm: Escalating doses of rifampin (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) (SingleArm)

    Drug: Rifampin

Interventions

  • DrugRifampin

    Rifampin 5 mg/kg (max 300 mg) daily for 8 weeks, followed by rifampin 10 mg/kg (max 600 mg) daily for 8 weeks.

    Also known as: Rifadin, Rifampicin

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Serum albumin-adjusted calcium

    Measured at baseline and every 4 weeks

    Time frame: up to 32 weeks

  2. Serum parathyroid hormone

    Measured at baseline and every 4 weeks

    Time frame: up to 32 weeks

  3. Urinary calcium excretion

    Measured at baseline and every 4 weeks

    Time frame: up to 32 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Intestinal calcium absorption

    Measured using stable calcium isotopes five times during the study

    Time frame: baseline, 8, 16, 24 and 32 weeks post-dose

  2. Nephrocalcinosis

    Renal ultrasound performed before and after treatment

    Time frame: Baseline and week 32

  3. Rifampin pharmacokinetics

    Measured three times during the study

    Time frame: 8, 16 and 24 weeks post-dose

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
    • Michael A Levine, MD · Contact · levinem@chop.edu · 267-426-3907
    • Sara Pinney, MD · Contact · PINNEYS@chop.edu · 215-590-3174
    • Sara Pinney, MD · Sub investigator
    • Michael A Levine, MD · Principal investigator
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Hawkes CP, Li D, Hakonarson H, Meyers KE, Thummel KE, Levine MA. CYP3A4 Induction by Rifampin: An Alternative Pathway for Vitamin D Inactivation in Patients With CYP24A1 Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May 1;102(5):1440-1446. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-4048. PubMed 28324001 ↗
  • Dauber A, Nguyen TT, Sochett E, Cole DE, Horst R, Abrams SA, Carpenter TO, Hirschhorn JN. Genetic defect in CYP24A1, the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase gene, in a patient with severe infantile hypercalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Feb;97(2):E268-74. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1972. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PubMed 22112808 ↗
  • Schlingmann KP, Kaufmann M, Weber S, Irwin A, Goos C, John U, Misselwitz J, Klaus G, Kuwertz-Broking E, Fehrenbach H, Wingen AM, Guran T, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ, Prosser DE, Jones G, Konrad M. Mutations in CYP24A1 and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 4;365(5):410-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1103864. Epub 2011 Jun 15. PubMed 21675912 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03301038
Lead sponsor
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Collaborators
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 4, 2017
Start date
Jul 25, 2018
Primary completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2030 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 22, 2026

Study contacts

Michael A Levine, MD
Contact
levinem@chop.edu
267-426-3907
Vashisht Arshanapally
Contact
arshanapav@chop.edu
267-426-7482
Michael A Levine, MD
principal investigator · Children'sHospital of Philadelphia

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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