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CompletedNCT03239210Updated May 3, 2024Results posted

Effects of Ondansetron in Obsessive-compulsive and Tic Disorders

A Phase 4 interventional study of Ondansetron and Placebo in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome, sponsored by NYU Langone Health. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-05-03.

Sponsored by NYU Langone Health · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
110
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 60 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This project investigates the use of 4 weeks of 24 mg/day ondansetron as compared to placebo on symptoms and brain functioning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TD). Patients will be randomized to receive ondansetron or placebo for 4 weeks, with MRI scans and symptom assessments occurring at baseline (before any drug) and at the end of the 4 weeks. Patients will also be asked to come into the lab approximately 2 weeks into the trial for symptom assessments. The investigators hypothesize that after 4 weeks there will be greater reduction from baseline in sensory symptoms and the activation of the insula and sensorimotor cortex compared for ondansetron as compared to placebo.

Read the detailed description

Many psychiatric disorders are associated with altered sensory experiences arising from within the body. Examples include increased experience of sensations or urges in muscles, skins, joints or visceral organs in Tic/Tourette's Disorders, OCD patients with symptoms of "not just right experiences" or disgust sensitivity, and other disorders such as trichotillomania or excoriation disorder. In OCD, these sensory phenomena occur in approximately half of patients, are associated with earlier age of onset, and may be harder to treat with classic cognitive-behavioral approaches to OCD. Of interest, sensory phenomena in OCD are associated with Tourette's syndrome and respond to pharmacological treatments primarily used for tics. As such, abnormal sensory processing may be a basic mechanism that links various psychiatric disorders.

The process of attending to body sensations is referred to as interoception, abnormality of which may be related to sensory phenomena. Research has revealed a cortical interoceptive circuit involving insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and sensorimotor cortex. Ondansetron (OND) is a good candidate for the modulation of the above-described interoceptive circuit. It is a selective 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptor antagonist that acts on both peripheral and central receptors. OND has long been used to treat nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, anesthesia, and opioid-induced emesis. It has also been used alone or as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of both OCD and Tourette's disorder, showing some efficacy in small clinical trials. The mechanisms by which ondansetron improves symptoms in OCD and tic disorders are unknown, although the investigator's earlier study found that single doses of ondansetron reduce activation of insula and somatosensory cortex in healthy controls. As a follow-up to this work, the current protocol will compare the effects of 24 mg/day of ondansetron vs. placebo for 4 weeks in patients with OCD or Tic Disorders on symptoms and brain functioning.

02

Conditions studied

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  • Tic Disorders
  • Tourette Syndrome

Keywords

  • Brain Function
  • functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
  • Sensory processing
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  • OCD
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients must be medically healthy, between 18 and 60 years of age
  • Fluent (speaking and writing) in English
  • Patients must have a current diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorder (OCD) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria with moderate or greater disorder severity and moderate or greater severity of sensory phenomena
  • Patients must be unmedicated or taking antidepressants, stable for at least 6 weeks

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Present or previous diagnosis of any psychosis, bipolar disorder, or major developmental disorder (autism/Asperger's disorder, pervasive developmental disorder). Present diagnosis of alcohol or substance use disorder (moderate or severe) will also be exclusionary.
  • Any disability or health problem that prevents them from completing study procedures (e.g. color blindness, severe carpal tunnel syndrome, etc.).
  • History of organic mental syndromes, head trauma, migraines, seizures, other central nervous system (CNS) neurological disease, or significant medical illness other than that listed above.
  • Pregnant or nursing women will be excluded.
  • Subjects with a medical condition or other predisposition that increases the risk of adverse effects when taking ondansetron. These include, but are not limited to, individuals with drug allergies or known hypersensitivity to ondansetron (or other 5-HT3 antagonists), heart disease, congestive heart failure, heart rhythm disorder, congenital long QT syndrome, electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia) or hepatic impairment.
  • Subjects who report taking apomorphine will be excluded.
  • Subjects with abnormal EKG will either be excluded from participation, or referred to a cardiologist for further assessment of eligibility.
  • Subjects with abnormal liver function or electrolytes (as determined by blood test) will be excluded from participation if a study team physician determines it is unsafe for them to participate.
  • Cross-reactivity with other 5-HT3 antagonists has been reported, so any individual taking a 5-HT3 antagonist will be excluded.
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
110 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Ondansetron (OND)

    24 mg/day for 4 weeks

    Drug: Ondansetron

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo (PL)

    Placebo pill

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugOndansetron

    5-HT3 (serotonin receptor type 3) antagonist commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting

    Also known as: Zofran

  • DrugPlacebo

    placebo equivalent

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Brain Activation - Insula Cortex

    Change in brain activation is measured by parameter estimate of blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change in the insula cortex. BOLD signal is captured via functional MRI taken during MRI scanning sessions. Participants viewed "body-focused" videos (e.g., close-ups of a brush stroking a hand) alternating with control videos depicting similar types of movements but without body parts (e.g., a pen moving across a table) in an MRI scanner. Analysis examined change in brain activation between baseline and final during the viewing of body-focused videos compared to control videos. The outcome measure is the change in brain activation (Baseline minus Final) averaged across the right and left insula regions of interest.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4

  2. Change in Brain Activation - Somatosensory Cortex

    Change in brain activation is measured by parameter estimate of blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change in the somatosensory cortex. BOLD signal is captured via functional MRI taken during MRI scanning sessions. Participants viewed "body-focused" videos (e.g., close-ups of a brush stroking a hand) alternating with control videos depicting similar types of movements but without body parts (e.g., a pen moving across a table) in an MRI scanner. Analysis examined change in brain activation between baseline and final during the viewing of body-focused videos compared to control videos. The outcome measure is the change in brain activation (Baseline minus Final) averaged across the right and left postcentral gyrus regions of interest.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Sensory Phenomena Scale (SPS) Score

    The SPS is a clinician-rated scale that assesses presence or absence of sensory phenomena. It contains a checklist with examples of different types of sensory phenomena, including physical sensations, "just right" sensations, incompleteness, general energy or inner tension buildup, and urges. The total score ranges from 0-15, with higher scores indicating more severe sensory phenomena. A score of 6 or more is defined as moderate or greater severity of sensory phenomena. An decrease in scores indicates severity decreased during the observational period.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4

  2. Change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Score

    Y-BOCS is designed to rate the severity and type of symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. In general, the items depend on the patient's report; however, the final rating is based on the clinical judgement of the interviewer. The scale consists of 10 items summed to determine the level of symptom severity. The total score ranges from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. A decrease in scores indicates symptom severity decreased during the observational period.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4

  3. Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Score

    The YGTSS is designed to rate the overall severity of motor and phonic tic symptoms across a range of dimensions: number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. The total score is the sum of the 5 motor tic items and the 5 phonic (vocal) tic items and ranges from 0 to 50, with higher scores representing greater severity. A decrease in scores indicates severity decreased during the observational period.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 4

06

Results

Posted Jul 3, 2023

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
Started3329
Completed2724
Not completed65
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up22
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject (personal reasons)22
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject (reported medical side effects)21

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in Brain Activation - Insula Cortex

Change in brain activation is measured by parameter estimate of blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change in the insula cortex. BOLD signal is captured via functional MRI taken during MRI scanning sessions. Participants viewed "body-focused" videos (e.g., close-ups of a brush stroking a hand) alternating with control videos depicting similar types of movements but without body parts (e.g., a pen moving across a table) in an MRI scanner. Analysis examined change in brain activation between baseline and final during the viewing of body-focused videos compared to control videos. The outcome measure is the change in brain activation (Baseline minus Final) averaged across the right and left insula regions of interest.

Time frame:
Baseline, Week 4
Reported as:
Mean · Parameter estimate of BOLD Signal Change
Change in Brain Activation - Insula Cortex
Parameter estimate of BOLD Signal ChangeOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
Change in Brain Activation - Insula Cortex-0.071 ± 0.21-0.0094 ± 0.23
PrimaryChange in Brain Activation - Somatosensory Cortex

Change in brain activation is measured by parameter estimate of blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change in the somatosensory cortex. BOLD signal is captured via functional MRI taken during MRI scanning sessions. Participants viewed "body-focused" videos (e.g., close-ups of a brush stroking a hand) alternating with control videos depicting similar types of movements but without body parts (e.g., a pen moving across a table) in an MRI scanner. Analysis examined change in brain activation between baseline and final during the viewing of body-focused videos compared to control videos. The outcome measure is the change in brain activation (Baseline minus Final) averaged across the right and left postcentral gyrus regions of interest.

Time frame:
Baseline, Week 4
Reported as:
Median · Parameter estimate of BOLD Signal Change
Change in Brain Activation - Somatosensory Cortex
Parameter estimate of BOLD Signal ChangeOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
Change in Brain Activation - Somatosensory Cortex-0.097 (-0.12 to 0.09)-0.0052 (-0.14 to 0.08)
SecondaryChange in Sensory Phenomena Scale (SPS) Score

The SPS is a clinician-rated scale that assesses presence or absence of sensory phenomena. It contains a checklist with examples of different types of sensory phenomena, including physical sensations, "just right" sensations, incompleteness, general energy or inner tension buildup, and urges. The total score ranges from 0-15, with higher scores indicating more severe sensory phenomena. A score of 6 or more is defined as moderate or greater severity of sensory phenomena. An decrease in scores indicates severity decreased during the observational period.

Time frame:
Baseline, Week 4
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in Sensory Phenomena Scale (SPS) Score
score on a scaleOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
Change in Sensory Phenomena Scale (SPS) Score1.646 ± 2.0981.204 ± 2.143
SecondaryChange in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Score

Y-BOCS is designed to rate the severity and type of symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. In general, the items depend on the patient's report; however, the final rating is based on the clinical judgement of the interviewer. The scale consists of 10 items summed to determine the level of symptom severity. The total score ranges from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. A decrease in scores indicates symptom severity decreased during the observational period.

Time frame:
Baseline, Week 4
Reported as:
Median · score on a scale
Change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Score
score on a scaleOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
Change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Score2.25 (1.52 to 5.75)1 (0.26 to 5.51)
SecondaryChange in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Score

The YGTSS is designed to rate the overall severity of motor and phonic tic symptoms across a range of dimensions: number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. The total score is the sum of the 5 motor tic items and the 5 phonic (vocal) tic items and ranges from 0 to 50, with higher scores representing greater severity. A decrease in scores indicates severity decreased during the observational period.

Time frame:
Baseline, Week 4
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Score
score on a scaleOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Score1.4 ± 2.973.6 ± 6.99

Adverse events

Collected over Adverse event data were collected through study completion, as necessary over the period of the trial (typically 4 weeks).. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Ondansetron (OND)0/33 (0%)0/33 (0%)22/33 (66.7%)
Placebo (PL)0/29 (0%)0/29 (0%)12/29 (41.4%)
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 29
Most frequent other events
EventOndansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)
ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders17/331/29
HeadacheNervous system disorders3/335/29
DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders5/331/29
Dry MouthGastrointestinal disorders1/333/29
DizzinessNervous system disorders2/332/29
FatigueGeneral disorders1/332/29
RestlessnessPsychiatric disorders1/332/29
InsomniaPsychiatric disorders0/332/29
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders2/331/29
RashSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders2/330/29

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Ondansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)Total
Mean31 ± 9.9629 ± 12.5230 ± 11.16
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Ondansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)Total
Female131427
Male141024
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Ondansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)Total
Hispanic or Latino4610
Not Hispanic or Latino231841
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Ondansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)Total
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian314
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American123
White212041
More than one race213
Unknown or Not Reported000
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Ondansetron (OND)Placebo (PL)Total
United States272451
07

Study locations

2 sites
  • New York University School of Medicine
    New York, New York 10016, United States
  • The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
    New York, New York 10962, United States
08

References and documents

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Feb 8, 2022

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Data Sharing Plan The project will be registered and results reported on ClinicalTrials.gov. Neuroimaging data and associated files (e.g. behavioral response data generated during tasks) will be de-identified and provided for use by other researchers. De-identification will include removal of sensitive data from image file headers (e.g. name, date of birth). The anonymized final data set will be made available upon request, with an announcement on the lab website providing information on how to obtain the data. In addition, final data will be uploaded to an appropriate public database, such as the Open fMRI project, for broad availability. Data sharing will comply with local, state, and federal laws and regulations, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), as well as institutional policies and review

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03239210
Lead sponsor
NYU Langone Health
Collaborators
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 3, 2017
Start date
Jun 16, 2017
Primary completion
May 16, 2022
Completion
May 16, 2022
Results posted
Jul 3, 2023
Last update
May 3, 2024

Study contacts

Emily Stern, PhD
principal investigator · NYU Langone Health

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
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