A Phase 2 interventional study of Trilaciclib and Placebo in Small Cell Lung Cancer, sponsored by G1 Therapeutics, Inc.. Completed at 45 sites in 7 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-25.
Sponsored by G1 Therapeutics, Inc. (part of Pharmacosmos A/S) · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment
Among 629 studies in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with a site in United States — 111 open to participants now, 182 under way, 26 of them phase 3. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma · United States.
Among the 629 studies in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with a site in United States, this one is the 178th largest by enrollment of the 550 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 31 that started in 2017, is one of 186 in phase 2, and was the 330th registered.
1,301 studies on the registry are indexed under Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; 365 are open to participants now.
Browse Small Cell Lung Carcinoma studies →111 of the 629 studies in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:
Misty Shields · Sites in United States
Ages 18+
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center · Sites in United States
Ages 18+
Boehringer Ingelheim · Sites in United States, Australia, Belgium and 8 more countries
Ages 18+
National Cancer Institute (NCI) · Sites in United States
Ages 18–120
Jazz Pharmaceuticals · Sites in United States
Ages 18+
A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →
Of the 263 Small Cell Lung Carcinoma studies recruiting now, 173 (66%) set no upper age limit and 66 (25%) stop at 75 or younger; 3 take children under 18; 8 take healthy volunteers.
This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.
The full table on the hub →This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.
629 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.
A study in two phases is counted once above. Listed by phase, each with its combined phases: Phase 1 295 · Phase 2 303 · Phase 3 54 · Phase 4 3
First in 1991; this study’s year is marked. 31 started in 2017.
By drug class, each counting the studies that test any of its medicines:
This study's enrollment of 107 is above the median of 56 across 1,077 interventional studies indexed under Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.
Median enrollment 55 across the 550 interventional studies, 111 across the 51 observational. Of the 417 that completed or were terminated, 173 (41%) have results posted.
This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.
294 of 629 have an industry lead sponsor. The 10 most frequent:
This study is registered under G1 Therapeutics, Inc., one of the names counted as Pharmacosmos A/S. Under that name alone:
G1 Therapeutics, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 16 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
Of its 12 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 10 (83%) have results posted.
Pharmacosmos A/S has 6 studies filed under Small Cell Lung Carcinoma — fewer than ten, so there is no comparison to draw.
44 of the studies in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with a site in United States that are under way reach primary completion within a year, 6 of them phase 3. Phase 3 first, then by date:
| Study | Primary completion |
|---|---|
| NCT01064466Phase 3Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Medical Director,, IRB ChairPharmacogenomics ANDA SNP Clinical Study - Etoposide and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms | 2026-11-18 |
| NCT06646276Phase 3Bristol-Myers SquibbA Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986489 (Atigotatug+ Nivolumab Fixed Dose Combination) in Combination With Carboplatin Plus Etoposide to That of Atezolizumab With Carboplatin Plus Etoposide as First-Line Therapy in Participants With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (TIGOS). | 2027-08-17 |
| NCT07778316Phase 3AmgenPhase 3 Trial of Tarlatamab (SC vs IV) in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer After Platinum Based First-line Chemotherapy (ES-SCLC) | 2027-09-24 |
| NCT04624204Phase 3Merck Sharp & Dohme LLCPlacebo-controlled, Study of Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy With Pembrolizumab Followed by Pembrolizumab and Olaparib in Newly Diagnosed Treatment-Naïve Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (LS-SCLC) (MK 7339-013/KEYLYNK-013) | 2027-10-28 |
| NCT07473128Phase 3Pharmacosmos A/SEffect of Trilaciclib in the Prevention of Myelosupression in Subjects With Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | 2027-10-31 |
Add all 44 to your calendar (.ics) → With an account.
Among the 629 studies in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with a site in United States, from their registry updates:
This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.
This was a study to investigate the potential clinical benefit of trilaciclib (G1T28) in preserving the bone marrow and the immune system, and enhancing antitumor efficacy when administered with carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab (E/P/A) therapy in first line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed extensive-stage SCLC.
The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. Approximately, 100 patients were randomized to trilaciclib + E/P/A or placebo + E/P/A in the study.
The posted results represent the final results from Study G1T28-05, a Phase 2 study of carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab with or without trilaciclib (G1T28) in patients with untreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
The final myelopreservation efficacy results are from database lock 1 (data cut-off [DCO] 17 Aug 2018). The final anti-tumor efficacy data (BOR, DOR, PFS) are from a second database lock 2 (DCO 28 June 2019) that occurred to support the trilaciclib New Drug Application (NDA). Final overall survival and safety data are reported from the final study database lock (DCO 11 Dec 2020, last patient last visit date of 29 October 2020).
Please note the last patient last visit date description above which is recorded as the study completion date. Following the last patient last visit, the final database lock occurred a few weeks later which accounts for the discrepancy between the study completion date and the reported assessment time frames.
Key Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The standard rules for measuring tumours on CT or MRI scans, to tell whether a cancer is shrinking, stable or growing during treatment.
“Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1” usually means at least one tumour 10 mm or more at its longest on a CT scan, or a lymph node 15 mm or more across its short axis.
A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.
Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.
The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, block them so the immune system can attack a cancer.
PD-L1 can also be measured in a tumour sample. Some scores count stained tumour cells only (TPS); others also count certain immune cells (CPS). The study names the score and the minimum it uses.
Cancer deposits in the brain from a cancer that started elsewhere in the body (CNS metastases include the spinal cord).
Studies differ: some leave out any brain metastases, some accept ones treated and stable for some weeks. Check what this study allows.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.
RECIST
The standard rules for measuring tumours on CT or MRI scans, to tell whether a cancer is shrinking, stable or growing during treatment.
“Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1” usually means at least one tumour 10 mm or more at its longest on a CT scan, or a lymph node 15 mm or more across its short axis.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ECOG performance status
A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.
Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Life expectancy
The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
PD-1, PD-L1 and checkpoint inhibitors
PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, block them so the immune system can attack a cancer.
PD-L1 can also be measured in a tumour sample. Some scores count stained tumour cells only (TPS); others also count certain immune cells (CPS). The study names the score and the minimum it uses.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Brain metastases
Cancer deposits in the brain from a cancer that started elsewhere in the body (CNS metastases include the spinal cord).
Studies differ: some leave out any brain metastases, some accept ones treated and stable for some weeks. Check what this study allows.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Metastases
Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis B tests
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.
Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hepatitis C tests
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.
After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Investigational drug or device
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Live vaccines
Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Immunosuppression
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hypersensitivity
An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Induction: Patients received trilaciclib 240 mg/m² administered intravenously (IV) once daily prior to E/P/A on Days 1, 2 and 3 of each 21-day E/P/A therapy cycle (up to 4 cycles in total). Etoposide 100 mg/m² was administered IV daily on Days 1, 2, and 3 of each 21-day cycle. Carboplatin was administered on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle using the Calvert formula with a target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) = 5 milligrams per milliliter per minute (mg/mL/min) to calculate the dose. Atezolizumab 1200 mg was administered as an IV infusion on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Maintenance: Following the induction phase, patients received maintenance atezolizumab at a dose of 1200 mg on Day 1 of every 21-day cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator.
Drug: Trilaciclib · Drug: Carboplatin · Drug: Etoposide · Drug: Atezolizumab
Induction: Patients received placebo administered IV once daily prior to E/P/A on Days 1, 2 and 3 of each 21-day E/P/A therapy cycle (up to 4 cycles in total). Etoposide 100 mg/m² was administered IV daily on Days 1, 2, and 3 of each 21-day cycle. Carboplatin was be administered on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle using the Calvert formula with a target AUC = 5 mg/mL/min to calculate the dose. Atezolizumab 1200 mg was administered as an IV infusion on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Maintenance: Following the induction phase, patients received maintenance atezolizumab at a dose of 1200 mg on Day 1 of every 21-day cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator.
Drug: Placebo · Drug: Carboplatin · Drug: Etoposide · Drug: Atezolizumab
Trilaciclib IV
Also known as: G1T28
Placebo IV
Carboplatin IV
Also known as: Paraplatin
Etoposide IV
Also known as: VP-16
Atezolizumab IV
Also known as: Tecentriq
Duration of Severe (Grade 4) Neutropenia in Cycle 1
Duration of severe neutropenia (DSN; days) was defined as the number of days from the date of the first absolute neutrophil count (ANC) value of \<0.5 × 10⁹/L observed between start of cycle and end of cycle to the date of the first ANC value ≥0.5 × 10⁹/L that met the following criteria: (1) occurred after the ANC value of \<0.5 × 10⁹/L and (2) no other ANC values \<0.5 × 10⁹/L occurred between this day and end of cycle. DSN was set to 0 for patients who did not experience severe neutropenia in a cycle, including those that were randomized and not treated. Data from unscheduled visits and the actual assessment date (rather than visit date) were included in the derivation.
Time frame: Evaluated for Cycle 1 of the Induction Period (i.e., from randomization to the end of Cycle 1, each cycle = 21 days).
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Severe (Grade 4) Neutropenia
The occurrence of severe (Grade 4) neutropenia (SN) was a binary variable. If a patient had at least 1 absolute neutrophil count value \<0.5 × 10\^9/L during the Induction Period, the patient was assigned as Yes to the occurrence of SN; otherwise, it was No.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles up to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
All-Cause Dose Reductions
Dose reductions are not permitted for trilaciclib or atezolizumab. Dose reductions for E/P are derived from changes in the protocol-specified dose on the dosing page and correspond to the reductions for toxicity specified in the protocol. No more than 2 dose reductions of E/P in total were allowed for any patient. Simultaneous reduction in the doses of etoposide and carboplatin were counted as 1 dose reduction.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of RBC Transfusion on/After Week 5 (Proportion of Patients)
For this endpoint, the occurrence during the Induction Period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes, if total number of events ≥1 was observed, No for other scenarios. If a patient did not have an event, a value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Each red blood cell transfusion with a unique start date on/after Week 5 on study during the Induction was defined as a separate event.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 374 days.
Occurrence of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Administration (Proportion of Patients)
For this endpoint, the occurrence during the Induction Period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes, if total number of events ≥1 was observed, No for other scenarios. If a patient did not have an event, a value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Any G-CSF administration in a cycle during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event. A patient with at least 1 cycle with G-CSF administration during an induction cycle or the Induction Period was considered to have occurrence of G-CSF administration.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival was calculated as the time (months) from date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. Patients who did not die during the study were censored at the date last known to be alive. Patients lacking data beyond the date of randomization had their survival time censored at date of randomization. Overall survival was not censored if a patient received other anti-tumor treatments after the study drugs. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: From date of randomization to date of death due to any cause, assessed up to a maximum of 38.1 months.
Major Adverse Hematologic Events (MAHE) (Composite Endpoint)
The composite endpoint "major adverse hematologic events" (MAHE) included the following aspects of myelosuppression: All-cause hospitalizations - Each recorded preferred term (PT) with a unique start date was counted as an event. All-cause dose reductions - Dose reductions were permitted for E/P but not for trilaciclib or atezolizumab. No more than 2 dose reductions were allowed. Each dose reduction was counted as a separate event. Febrile neutropenia-Each febrile neutropenia event with a unique start date during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event. Prolonged severe neutropenia (SN)-Each cycle with a severe neutropenia duration greater than 5 days was counted as an event, with the date of the first Grade 4 laboratory value defined as the start date for the time-to-first event analysis. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on/after Week 5-Each RBC transfusion with a unique start date on/after Week 5 on study during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Best Overall Response
For all patients, the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) tumor response data were used to determine each patient's visit response (TPR = time point response). Per RECIST v1.1 for target lesions and assessed by CT/MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of target lesions; Progressive Disease (PD), \>=20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, Stable Disease, neither sufficient shrinkage or increase to quality for PR or PD. Objective Response Rate (ORR) = CR + PR. The TPR at each visit was determined in 2 ways: (1) derived programmatically at the time of analysis using the information from target lesions, non-target lesions, and new lesions based on data collected through eCRF; and (2) judged by the investigator as collected in the eCRF. Results shown here are from the programmatically derived assessments.
Time frame: From date of randomization, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 724 days.
Duration of Objective Response (Complete Response or Partial Response)
Duration of Response (DOR) is the time between first response by RECIST Version 1.1 of CR or PR and the first date that progressive disease is documented by RECIST Version 1.1, or death. Patients who do not experience PD or death will be censored at the last tumor assessment date. Only those patients with confirmed responses will be included in this analysis.
Time frame: From date of randomization, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 724 days.
Progression-Free Survival
Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time (number of months) from date of randomization until date of documented radiologic disease progression per RECIST v1.1 or death due to any cause, whichever came first.
Time frame: From date of randomization, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 724 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia
The criterion for identifying febrile neutropenia was if the preferred term for an adverse event was "FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA." Any occurrence of a febrile neutropenia event during the induction treatment period is defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. Each febrile neutropenia event with a unique start date during the induction treatment period was defined as a separate event.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Grade 3 or 4 Hematologic Laboratory Abnormalities
The occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities was a binary endpoint. If a patient had at least 1 cycle with at least 1 Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities during the Induction Period, the patient was assigned as "Yes" to the occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities; otherwise, it was "No". If a patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) Administration
Any ESA administration in a cycle during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event. A patient with at least 1 cycle with ESA administration during an induction cycle or the Induction Period was considered to have occurrence of ESA administration. The criterion to select proper records was as follows: If the chemical subgroup from WHO-DD Version September 2017 (ie TEXT4 for CODE4) takes the value "OTHER ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS," the medication was classified as ESAs.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Platelet Transfusion
Any occurrence of a platelet transfusion during the induction treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. If the patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Each platelet transfusion event with a unique start date during the induction treatment period was defined as a separate event.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Infection Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Any occurrence of an infection SAE during the induction treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. If the patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient. The criterion for identifying the proper infection SAE records was as follows: if the system organ class (SOC) from Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Version 20.1 takes value "INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS," and the AE was a serious event.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Pulmonary Infection Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Any occurrence of a pulmonary SAE during the induction treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. If the patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Each pulmonary infection SAE with a unique start date during the induction treatment period was defined as separate event. The criterion for identifying the proper pulmonary infection SAE records was as follows: The SOC from MedDRA Version 20.1 took the value "INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS," the adverse event was a serious event, and the PT took values from the following list of PTs under the category of pulmonary infection adverse events: bronchiolitis, bronchitis, infectious pleural effusion, influenza, pneumonia, pneumonia bacterial, respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and viral upper respiratory tract infection.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of IV Antibiotic Uses
Occurrence of an IV antibiotics administration during the induction treatment period is defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of IV antibiotics administration ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. Each IV antibiotic with a unique start date during the induction treatment period will be defined as a separate event. The criteria for identifying an IV antibiotic administration event was (1) if the therapeutic subgroup from WHO-DD Version September 2017 (ie, TEXT2 for CODE2) takes the value "ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE," and (2) the route of medication was "intravenous" or the route was "other" with the detailed specification as "IVPB."
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of randomization, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Duration of Study Drug Exposure (Induction Period and Maintenance Period)
Induction period duration of exposure (days) = Day 1 of last induction cycle - Cycle 1 Day 1 of induction phase + 21. Maintenance period duration of exposure (days) = Day 1 of the last maintenance cycle -Cycle 1 Day 1 of maintenance phase + 21.
Time frame: From date of first dose, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 1162 days.
Number of Cycles Completed (Induction Period and Maintenance Period)
Patients were considered to have started a cycle if they have received at least one dose of any study drug (carboplatin, etoposide, atezolizumab or trilaciclib).
Time frame: From date of first dose, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 49 cycles.
Relative Dose Intensity of Trilaciclib/Placebo, Carboplatin, Etoposide, Atezolizumab (Induction Period) and Atezolizumab (Maintenance Period)
Relative dose intensity is defined as 100% times the actual dose intensity divided by the planned dose intensity. The planned dose intensity is defined as the cumulative planned dose through the study divided by (number of cycles \* 3 weeks)
Time frame: From date of first dose, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 724 days.
Number of Participants With Any Cycle Delays and the Number of Cycles Delayed (Induction Period)
After Cycle 1, patients need to meet pre-specified laboratory parameter criteria before initiating Cycle 2 and each subsequent cycle of chemotherapy. A "Cycle Day Status" page asks if the cycle was delayed. If the start of the current cycle was delayed (the site answers "Yes"), this will be counted as a delay. Cycle delays could occur for management of toxicity (hematologic or non-hematologic) or for administrative/logistic reasons. The reason for each cycle delay was captured in the eCRF if it was related to AEs. Reasons other than AEs were not captured.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With Any Cycle Delays and the Number of Cycles Delayed (Maintenance Period)
After Cycle 1, patients need to meet pre-specified laboratory parameter criteria before initiating Cycle 2 and each subsequent cycle of chemotherapy. A "Cycle Day Status" page asks if the cycle was delayed. If the start of the current cycle was delayed (the site answers "Yes"), this will be counted as a delay. Cycle delays could occur for management of toxicity (hematologic or non-hematologic) or for administrative/logistic reasons. The reason for each cycle delay was captured in the eCRF if it was related to AEs. Reasons other than AEs were not captured.
Time frame: Maintenance Period. From date of first maintenance dose, 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 1160 days.
Number of Participants With Any Missed Doses [for Each Study Drug: Trilaciclib/Placebo, Carboplatin and Etoposide] (Induction Period)
Missed doses are identified on the dosing page of each study drug based on the question "Was the dose given?". The missed dose information will be obtained for each study drug. For a study drug, if the last record of response to question "Was the dose given?" is No, it will not be considered as a missed dose but instead considered to be end of treatment if both criteria below are met: (1) No other study drugs are given on the same day, and (2) No study drugs are given subsequently.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With Any Missed Doses of Atezolizumab (Overall Treatment Period)
Missed doses are identified on the dosing page of each study drug based on the question "Was the dose given?". The missed dose information will be obtained for each study drug. For a study drug, if the last record of response to question "Was the dose given?" is No, it will not be considered as a missed dose but instead considered to be end of treatment if both criteria below are met: (1) No other study drugs are given on the same day, and (2) No study drugs are given subsequently.
Time frame: From date of first dose, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 1162 days.
Number of Participants With Any Dose Interruptions [for Each Study Drug: Trilaciclib/Placebo, Carboplatin and Etoposide] (Induction Period)
Dose interruptions were defined as interruption of infusion, regardless of whether the study drug was continued after the interruption.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
Number of Participants With Any Interrupted Doses of Atezolizumab (Overall Treatment Period)
Dose interruptions were defined as interruption of infusion, regardless of whether the study drug was continued after the interruption.
Time frame: From date of first dose, up to four 21-day cycles of Induction therapy, followed by 21 day cycles of Maintenance therapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to 1162 days.
Number of Participants With Any Dose Reductions of Carboplatin and Etoposide (Induction Period)
No dose reductions were allowed for trilaciclib or atezolizumab during the study.
Time frame: Induction Period. From date of first dose, 21 day treatment cycles to a maximum of 4 cycles or until (if earlier) disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or discontinuation by the patient or investigator, assessed up to a maximum of 409 days.
| Milestone | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 54 | 53 |
| Completed | 0 | 0 |
| Not completed | 54 | 53 |
| Withdrew: Death | 39 | 42 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 0 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 8 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Sponsor terminated study | 2 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Disease progression | 3 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Randomized in error, did not receive drug | 2 | 0 |
Duration of severe neutropenia (DSN; days) was defined as the number of days from the date of the first absolute neutrophil count (ANC) value of \<0.5 × 10⁹/L observed between start of cycle and end of cycle to the date of the first ANC value ≥0.5 × 10⁹/L that met the following criteria: (1) occurred after the ANC value of \<0.5 × 10⁹/L and (2) no other ANC values \<0.5 × 10⁹/L occurred between this day and end of cycle. DSN was set to 0 for patients who did not experience severe neutropenia in a cycle, including those that were randomized and not treated. Data from unscheduled visits and the actual assessment date (rather than visit date) were included in the derivation.
| days | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of Severe (Grade 4) Neutropenia in Cycle 1 | 0 ± 1.0 | 4 ± 4.7 |
The occurrence of severe (Grade 4) neutropenia (SN) was a binary variable. If a patient had at least 1 absolute neutrophil count value \<0.5 × 10\^9/L during the Induction Period, the patient was assigned as Yes to the occurrence of SN; otherwise, it was No.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Severe (Grade 4) Neutropenia | 1 | 26 |
Dose reductions are not permitted for trilaciclib or atezolizumab. Dose reductions for E/P are derived from changes in the protocol-specified dose on the dosing page and correspond to the reductions for toxicity specified in the protocol. No more than 2 dose reductions of E/P in total were allowed for any patient. Simultaneous reduction in the doses of etoposide and carboplatin were counted as 1 dose reduction.
| Events/Cycle | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| All-Cause Dose Reductions | 0.021 | 0.085 |
For this endpoint, the occurrence during the Induction Period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes, if total number of events ≥1 was observed, No for other scenarios. If a patient did not have an event, a value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Each red blood cell transfusion with a unique start date on/after Week 5 on study during the Induction was defined as a separate event.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of RBC Transfusion on/After Week 5 (Proportion of Patients) | 7 | 11 |
For this endpoint, the occurrence during the Induction Period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes, if total number of events ≥1 was observed, No for other scenarios. If a patient did not have an event, a value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Any G-CSF administration in a cycle during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event. A patient with at least 1 cycle with G-CSF administration during an induction cycle or the Induction Period was considered to have occurrence of G-CSF administration.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Administration (Proportion of Patients) | 16 | 25 |
Overall survival was calculated as the time (months) from date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. Patients who did not die during the study were censored at the date last known to be alive. Patients lacking data beyond the date of randomization had their survival time censored at date of randomization. Overall survival was not censored if a patient received other anti-tumor treatments after the study drugs. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
| Months | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| 25% | 7.2 (4.9 to 10.2) | 6.7 (3.6 to 8.1) |
| Median | 12.0 (9.6 to 16.2) | 12.8 (7.9 to 15.5) |
| 75% | 20.6 (14.5 to 23.2) | 22.4 (15.5 to 30.0) |
The composite endpoint "major adverse hematologic events" (MAHE) included the following aspects of myelosuppression: All-cause hospitalizations - Each recorded preferred term (PT) with a unique start date was counted as an event. All-cause dose reductions - Dose reductions were permitted for E/P but not for trilaciclib or atezolizumab. No more than 2 dose reductions were allowed. Each dose reduction was counted as a separate event. Febrile neutropenia-Each febrile neutropenia event with a unique start date during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event. Prolonged severe neutropenia (SN)-Each cycle with a severe neutropenia duration greater than 5 days was counted as an event, with the date of the first Grade 4 laboratory value defined as the start date for the time-to-first event analysis. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on/after Week 5-Each RBC transfusion with a unique start date on/after Week 5 on study during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event.
| event rate per week | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Major adverse hematologic events (MAHE) | 0.132 | 0.058 |
| All-cause hospitalizations | 0.032 | 0.030 |
| All-cause dose reductions | 0.021 | 0.085 |
| Febrile neutropenia TEAEs | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| RBC transfusions on/after Week 5 | 0.017 | 0.026 |
| Prolonged SN (>5 days) | 0.005 | 0.170 |
For all patients, the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) tumor response data were used to determine each patient's visit response (TPR = time point response). Per RECIST v1.1 for target lesions and assessed by CT/MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of target lesions; Progressive Disease (PD), \>=20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, Stable Disease, neither sufficient shrinkage or increase to quality for PR or PD. Objective Response Rate (ORR) = CR + PR. The TPR at each visit was determined in 2 ways: (1) derived programmatically at the time of analysis using the information from target lesions, non-target lesions, and new lesions based on data collected through eCRF; and (2) judged by the investigator as collected in the eCRF. Results shown here are from the programmatically derived assessments.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Complete Response (CR) | 0 | 1 |
| Partial Response (PR) | 28 | 32 |
| Stable Disease (SD) | 20 | 14 |
| Progressive Disease (PD) | 2 | 2 |
| Not Evaluable (NE) | 0 | 2 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 |
| Objective response rate (CR+PR) | 28 | 33 |
Duration of Response (DOR) is the time between first response by RECIST Version 1.1 of CR or PR and the first date that progressive disease is documented by RECIST Version 1.1, or death. Patients who do not experience PD or death will be censored at the last tumor assessment date. Only those patients with confirmed responses will be included in this analysis.
| months | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| 25% | 4.4 (2.9 to 4.7) | 3.0 (2.7 to 4.1) |
| Median | 5.6 (4.4 to 7.0) | 4.3 (3.4 to 4.7) |
| 75% | 8.3 (5.8 to 13.2) | 5.0 (4.6 to 10.5) |
Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time (number of months) from date of randomization until date of documented radiologic disease progression per RECIST v1.1 or death due to any cause, whichever came first.
| months | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| 25% | 3.7 (2.7 to 4.2) | 4.0 (3.1 to 4.3) |
| Median | 5.9 (4.2 to 7.1) | 5.4 (4.3 to 5.7) |
| 75% | 8.5 (7.1 to 10.4) | 6.4 (5.7 to 8.9) |
The criterion for identifying febrile neutropenia was if the preferred term for an adverse event was "FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA." Any occurrence of a febrile neutropenia event during the induction treatment period is defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. Each febrile neutropenia event with a unique start date during the induction treatment period was defined as a separate event.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia | 1 | 3 |
The occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities was a binary endpoint. If a patient had at least 1 cycle with at least 1 Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities during the Induction Period, the patient was assigned as "Yes" to the occurrence of Grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities; otherwise, it was "No". If a patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Grade 3 or 4 Hematologic Laboratory Abnormalities | 23 | 43 |
Any ESA administration in a cycle during the Induction Period was defined as a separate event. A patient with at least 1 cycle with ESA administration during an induction cycle or the Induction Period was considered to have occurrence of ESA administration. The criterion to select proper records was as follows: If the chemical subgroup from WHO-DD Version September 2017 (ie TEXT4 for CODE4) takes the value "OTHER ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS," the medication was classified as ESAs.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) Administration | 3 | 6 |
Any occurrence of a platelet transfusion during the induction treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. If the patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Each platelet transfusion event with a unique start date during the induction treatment period was defined as a separate event.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Platelet Transfusion | 1 | 2 |
Any occurrence of an infection SAE during the induction treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. If the patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient. The criterion for identifying the proper infection SAE records was as follows: if the system organ class (SOC) from Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Version 20.1 takes value "INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS," and the AE was a serious event.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Infection Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | 3 | 7 |
Any occurrence of a pulmonary SAE during the induction treatment period was defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of febrile neutropenia events ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. If the patient did not have an event, the value of 0 was assigned to that patient. Each pulmonary infection SAE with a unique start date during the induction treatment period was defined as separate event. The criterion for identifying the proper pulmonary infection SAE records was as follows: The SOC from MedDRA Version 20.1 took the value "INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS," the adverse event was a serious event, and the PT took values from the following list of PTs under the category of pulmonary infection adverse events: bronchiolitis, bronchitis, infectious pleural effusion, influenza, pneumonia, pneumonia bacterial, respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and viral upper respiratory tract infection.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of Pulmonary Infection Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) | 2 | 5 |
Occurrence of an IV antibiotics administration during the induction treatment period is defined as a binary variable (Yes or No); Yes if total number of IV antibiotics administration ≥ 1 is observed, No for other scenarios. Each IV antibiotic with a unique start date during the induction treatment period will be defined as a separate event. The criteria for identifying an IV antibiotic administration event was (1) if the therapeutic subgroup from WHO-DD Version September 2017 (ie, TEXT2 for CODE2) takes the value "ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE," and (2) the route of medication was "intravenous" or the route was "other" with the detailed specification as "IVPB."
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Occurrence of IV Antibiotic Uses | 10 | 12 |
Induction period duration of exposure (days) = Day 1 of last induction cycle - Cycle 1 Day 1 of induction phase + 21. Maintenance period duration of exposure (days) = Day 1 of the last maintenance cycle -Cycle 1 Day 1 of maintenance phase + 21.
| Days | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Induction Period | 83 ± 15.6 | 88 ± 20.5 |
| Maintenance Period | 223 ± 253.3 | 232 ± 271.0 |
Patients were considered to have started a cycle if they have received at least one dose of any study drug (carboplatin, etoposide, atezolizumab or trilaciclib).
| Cycles | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Induction Period | 4 ± 0.6 | 4 ± 0.8 |
| Maintenance Period | 10 ± 11.9 | 10 ± 11.3 |
Relative dose intensity is defined as 100% times the actual dose intensity divided by the planned dose intensity. The planned dose intensity is defined as the cumulative planned dose through the study divided by (number of cycles \* 3 weeks)
| percentage of dose | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Trilaciclib/Placebo | 94.6 ± 7.65 | 91.1 ± 10.68 |
| Carboplatin | 95.3 ± 7.65 | 89.1 ± 12.25 |
| Etoposide | 93.4 ± 9.59 | 87.7 ± 13.92 |
| Atezolizumab (Induction) | 94.1 ± 9.54 | 91.0 ± 11.26 |
| Atezolizumab (Maintenance) | 93.5 ± 11.45 | 94.2 ± 10.19 |
After Cycle 1, patients need to meet pre-specified laboratory parameter criteria before initiating Cycle 2 and each subsequent cycle of chemotherapy. A "Cycle Day Status" page asks if the cycle was delayed. If the start of the current cycle was delayed (the site answers "Yes"), this will be counted as a delay. Cycle delays could occur for management of toxicity (hematologic or non-hematologic) or for administrative/logistic reasons. The reason for each cycle delay was captured in the eCRF if it was related to AEs. Reasons other than AEs were not captured.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with any cycle delays | 18 | 31 |
| 0 cycles | 34 | 22 |
| 1 cycle | 14 | 18 |
| 2 cycles | 2 | 10 |
| 3 or more cycles | 2 | 3 |
After Cycle 1, patients need to meet pre-specified laboratory parameter criteria before initiating Cycle 2 and each subsequent cycle of chemotherapy. A "Cycle Day Status" page asks if the cycle was delayed. If the start of the current cycle was delayed (the site answers "Yes"), this will be counted as a delay. Cycle delays could occur for management of toxicity (hematologic or non-hematologic) or for administrative/logistic reasons. The reason for each cycle delay was captured in the eCRF if it was related to AEs. Reasons other than AEs were not captured.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with any cycle delays | 21 | 26 |
| 0 cycles | 20 | 21 |
| 1 cycle | 10 | 12 |
| 2 cycles | 6 | 6 |
| 3 or more cycles | 5 | 8 |
Missed doses are identified on the dosing page of each study drug based on the question "Was the dose given?". The missed dose information will be obtained for each study drug. For a study drug, if the last record of response to question "Was the dose given?" is No, it will not be considered as a missed dose but instead considered to be end of treatment if both criteria below are met: (1) No other study drugs are given on the same day, and (2) No study drugs are given subsequently.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Trilaciclib/Placebo | 3 | 0 |
| Carboplatin | 1 | 0 |
| Etoposide | 3 | 0 |
Missed doses are identified on the dosing page of each study drug based on the question "Was the dose given?". The missed dose information will be obtained for each study drug. For a study drug, if the last record of response to question "Was the dose given?" is No, it will not be considered as a missed dose but instead considered to be end of treatment if both criteria below are met: (1) No other study drugs are given on the same day, and (2) No study drugs are given subsequently.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Any Missed Doses of Atezolizumab (Overall Treatment Period) | 3 | 3 |
Dose interruptions were defined as interruption of infusion, regardless of whether the study drug was continued after the interruption.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Trilaciclib/placebo | 3 | 0 |
| Carboplatin | 0 | 1 |
| Etoposide | 2 | 3 |
Dose interruptions were defined as interruption of infusion, regardless of whether the study drug was continued after the interruption.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Any Interrupted Doses of Atezolizumab (Overall Treatment Period) | 1 | 0 |
No dose reductions were allowed for trilaciclib or atezolizumab during the study.
| Participants | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| Etoposide | 3 | 14 |
| Carboplatin | 1 | 13 |
Collected over Treatment-emergent adverse events collected beginning with informed consent through 30 days after last dose of study drug. Treatment emergent serious adverse events collected through 90 days after last dose of study drug, assessed up to a maximum of 1192 days (maximum duration of exposure plus 30 days).. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | 42/54 (77.8%) | 17/52 (32.7%) | 49/52 (94.2%) |
| Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | 44/53 (83%) | 25/53 (47.2%) | 52/53 (98.1%) |
| Event | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| PneumoniaInfections and infestations | 3/52 | 8/53 |
| NeutropeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 0/52 | 4/53 |
| ThrombocytopeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 0/52 | 3/53 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 2/52 | 2/53 |
| SepsisInfections and infestations | 0/52 | 2/53 |
| DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 1/52 | 2/53 |
| DehydrationMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 0/52 | 2/53 |
| Back painMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 1/52 | 2/53 |
| Urinary Tract InfectionInfections and infestations | 1/52 | 1/53 |
| PneumonitisRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 1/52 | 1/53 |
| Event | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab |
|---|---|---|
| AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 19/52 | 32/53 |
| NeutropeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 19/52 | 28/53 |
| ThrombocytopeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 7/52 | 21/53 |
| NauseaGastrointestinal disorders | 20/52 | 18/53 |
| FatigueGeneral disorders | 16/52 | 20/53 |
| AlopeciaSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 7/52 | 18/53 |
| LeukopeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 4/52 | 14/53 |
| Platelet count decreasedInvestigations | 5/52 | 13/53 |
| DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 8/52 | 13/53 |
| ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders | 5/52 | 12/53 |
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 27 | 27 | 54 |
| >=65 years | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 63 ± 8.4 | 64 ± 8.3 | 64 ± 8.3 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| Male | 41 | 34 | 75 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| White | 53 | 51 | 104 |
| Black or African American | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Other | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latvia | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| United States | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| Ukraine | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| Bulgaria | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| France | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Estonia | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Spain | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Georgia | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| Body Weight at Screening(kg) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 79.2 ± 17.32 | 72.4 ± 14.42 | 75.8 ± 16.25 |
| Height at Screening(cm) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 171.1 ± 7.62 | 168.6 ± 10.21 | 169.9 ± 9.04 |
| BMI at Screening(kg/m²) | Trilaciclib+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Placebo+Etoposide/Carboplatin/Atezolizumab | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 27.10 ± 5.907 | 25.45 ± 4.618 | 26.28 ± 5.347 |
2 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Plan to share: No
Ran from Jun 2017 to primary completion in Aug 2018, 13 months.
Results were first posted in May 2022, 3 years 8 months after primary completion. A results delay was requested in Jul 2019.
Of 54 industry-sponsored phase 2 interventional studies under Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, half reached primary completion within 35 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 18 and three quarters within 44. This study's 13 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 204 studies reached it within 46 months; a quarter within 29 and three quarters within 84.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Studies of the drug tested here: Trilaciclib