A Phase 3 interventional study of Placebo capsules and Bardoxolone methyl capsules in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, sponsored by Biogen. Terminated at 106 sites in 15 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-04.
Sponsored by Biogen · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment
This study assesses the safety and efficacy of bardoxolone methyl relative to placebo in patients with connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension to determine the recommended dose range and evaluate the change from baseline in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) following 24 weeks of study participation.
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial will study the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of bardoxolone methyl in qualified patients with World Health Organization Group I Connective Tissue Disease Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (WHO Group I CTD-PAH).
Qualified patients will be randomized 1:1 to either bardoxolone methyl or placebo to be administered once daily for 24 weeks. Patients randomized to placebo will remain on placebo throughout the study. Patients randomized to bardoxolone methyl will start at 5 mg and will dose-escalate to 10 mg at Week 4 unless contraindicated clinically. Dose de-escalation is permitted during the study if indicated clinically.
All patients in the study will follow the same visit and assessment schedule. Following randomization, patients will be scheduled to be assessed in person during treatment at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 24 and by telephone contact on Days 3, 10, 21, 31, 38, 84, and 140. Patients will also be scheduled to be assessed at an in person follow up visit at Week 28, four weeks after the end of treatment.
761 studies on the registry are indexed under Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; 142 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 202 is above the median of 38 across 509 interventional studies indexed under Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Browse Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension studies →Biogen is the lead sponsor of 494 studies on the registry; 22 are open to participants now.
Of its 98 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 49 (50%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Had a diagnostic right heart catheterization performed and documented within 36 months prior to Day 1 that confirmed a diagnosis of PAH according to all the following criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Has a history of clinically significant left-sided heart disease and/or clinically significant cardiac disease, including but not limited to any of the following:
Has more than two of the following clinical risk factors for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction:
Placebo capsules will be administered orally once a day for 24 weeks.
Drug: Placebo capsules
Each patient will receive bardoxolone methyl capsules administered orally once a day for 24 weeks. Starting dosage for each patient is 5 mg and will dose-escalate to 10 mg at Week 4, unless contraindicated clinically.
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl capsules
Also known as: RTA 402 capsules
Change From Baseline in Six-minute-walk Distance (6MWD) Relative to Placebo at Week 24
Time frame: Baseline through 24 weeks after participant receives the first dose
Time to First Persistent Clinical Improvement Event
At least one of the following four criteria must have been met: 1. Improvement by at least one WHO functional class coupled with no more than a 15% decrease from baseline in 6MWT 2. Increase from baseline in 6MWT by at least 10% and stability or improvement in the WHO functional class 3. Decrease from baseline in creatine kinase (a surrogate biomarker for muscle injury and inflammation) by at least 10% and no worsening in WHO functional class and no more than a 15% decrease from baseline in 6MWT 4. Improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR ≥10% of baseline The persistence of the change in WHO functional class, 6MWT, eGFR, or creatine kinase must be confirmed by a subsequent assessment at least 14 days after the initial assessment, or at the next scheduled assessment. If persistent improvement is confirmed, the date of the event was considered the initial assessment of improved WHO functional class, 6MWT, eGFR, or creatine kinase.
Time frame: Baseline through the end of the study
| Milestone | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 102 | 100 |
| Completed | 82 | 85 |
| Not completed | 20 | 15 |
| Withdrew: Death | 1 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 5 | 6 |
| Withdrew: Terminated by sponsor | 8 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Rolled over to eap study | 6 | 4 |
| meters | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Six-minute-walk Distance (6MWD) Relative to Placebo at Week 24 | 9.25 ± 4.954 | -3.61 ± 4.952 |
At least one of the following four criteria must have been met: 1. Improvement by at least one WHO functional class coupled with no more than a 15% decrease from baseline in 6MWT 2. Increase from baseline in 6MWT by at least 10% and stability or improvement in the WHO functional class 3. Decrease from baseline in creatine kinase (a surrogate biomarker for muscle injury and inflammation) by at least 10% and no worsening in WHO functional class and no more than a 15% decrease from baseline in 6MWT 4. Improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR ≥10% of baseline The persistence of the change in WHO functional class, 6MWT, eGFR, or creatine kinase must be confirmed by a subsequent assessment at least 14 days after the initial assessment, or at the next scheduled assessment. If persistent improvement is confirmed, the date of the event was considered the initial assessment of improved WHO functional class, 6MWT, eGFR, or creatine kinase.
| weeks | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules |
|---|---|---|
| Time to First Persistent Clinical Improvement Event | 17.9 ± 1.263 | 6.62 ± 0.646 |
Collected over 28 weeks. Non-serious events are listed at a 2% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo Capsules | 1/102 (1%) | 18/102 (17.6%) | 79/102 (77.5%) |
| Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | 0/100 (0%) | 16/100 (16%) | 85/100 (85%) |
| Event | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary arterial hypertensionRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 1/102 | 4/100 |
| PneumoniaInfections and infestations | 3/102 | 2/100 |
| Breast cancerNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 2/102 | 0/100 |
| Cardiac failure acuteCardiac disorders | 0/102 | 1/100 |
| Cardiac failure congestiveCardiac disorders | 0/102 | 1/100 |
| Right ventricular failureCardiac disorders | 0/102 | 1/100 |
| Food poisoningGastrointestinal disorders | 0/102 | 1/100 |
| GastritisGastrointestinal disorders | 0/102 | 1/100 |
| Small intestinal obstructionGastrointestinal disorders | 0/102 | 1/100 |
| Non-cardiac chest painGeneral disorders | 1/102 | 1/100 |
| Event | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules |
|---|---|---|
| DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders | 21/102 | 13/100 |
| HeadacheNervous system disorders | 21/102 | 14/100 |
| Upper respiratory tract infectionInfections and infestations | 11/102 | 19/100 |
| Muscle spasmsMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 6/102 | 17/100 |
| FatigueGeneral disorders | 13/102 | 9/100 |
| NauseaGastrointestinal disorders | 11/102 | 12/100 |
| Oedema peripheralGeneral disorders | 12/102 | 9/100 |
| ArthralgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 12/102 | 3/100 |
| DizzinessNervous system disorders | 12/102 | 8/100 |
| DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 12/102 | 9/100 |
Intent to treat (ITT) population (all randomized patients categorized by their assigned treatment group regardless of treatment exposure)
| Age, Continuous(years) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 56.5 ± 13.17 | 55 ± 13.57 | 55.7 ± 13.36 |
| Age, Customized(years) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age | 60 (21 to 75) | 57 (29 to 75) | 59 (21 to 75) |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 91 | 88 | 179 |
| Male | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 70 | 73 | 143 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Asian | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Black or African American | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| White | 78 | 76 | 154 |
| More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| Australia | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| Belgium | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Brazil | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| Canada | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| Czechia | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Germany | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Spain | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Israel | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Japan | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| Mexico | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Philippines | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| United States | 45 | 35 | 80 |
| Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD)(meters) | Placebo Capsules | Bardoxolone Methyl Capsules | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 380.4 ± 91.19 | 389.1 ± 107.78 | 384.7 ± 99.6 |
Showing the first 100 of 106 sites across 15 countries.
Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.
Plan to share: Yes — In accordance with Biogen's Clinical Trial Transparency and Data Sharing Policy on https://www.biogentrialtransparency.com/
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