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CompletedNCT02453308TRACIIUpdated May 9, 2018

A Study by the Tracking Resistance to Artemisinin Collaboration (TRAC)

A Phase 2/3 interventional study of ACT and TACT in Malaria, Falciparum, sponsored by University of Oxford. Completed at 20 sites in 8 countries. Open to participants aged 6 Months to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-05-09.

Sponsored by University of Oxford · Phase 2/3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2/3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1,110
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
6 Months to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study is an open-label randomised trial comparing standard ACT treatment with matching triple artemisinin-based combination therapies (TACTs), evaluating efficacy in safety and tolerability. The estimated total sample size is 2040 patients from 16 sites in Asia and 1 site in Africa. There are 2 arm study groups that have 2 treatment arms each.

Study group A:

A.1: Artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days. versus: A.2: Artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days plus Amodiaquine for 3 days.

Study group B:

B.1: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days. versus: B.2: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days plus Mefloquine hydrochloride for 3 days.

Study group C:

C.1: Artesunate-mefloquine for 3 days versus: C.2: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days plus Mefloquine hydrochloride for 3 days.

According to the WHO guideline, all patients except for children under the age of 1 year or a weight below 10 kilograms will also be treated with a single dose of low dose primaquine.

Read the detailed description

In Laos, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India and DRC, the following two combinations will be used:

  1. Artemether-lumefantrine combined with amodiaquine (TACT arm) or
  2. Artemether-lumefantrine (ACT arm)

In Myanmar and Vietnam the following two combinations will be used:

  1. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combined with mefloquine (TACT arm) or
  2. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (ACT arm)

In Cambodia and Thailand the following two combinations will be used:

  1. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus Mefloquine hydrochloride (TACT arm) or
  2. Artesunate-mefloquine (ACT arm)
02

Conditions studied

  • Malaria, Falciparum

Keywords

  • Artemisinin combination Therapies
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Months to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Male or female, aged from 6 months to 65 years old
  • Acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, confirmed by positive blood smear with asexual forms of P. falciparum (or mixed with non-falciparum species)
  • Asexual P. falciparum parasitaemia: 5,000 to 200,000/uL, de-termined on a thin or thick blood film (In Cambodia patients with a parasitaemia of 16 to 200,000/uL are eligible. In DRC patients with a parasitaemia of 10,000 to 250,000/ul are eligi-ble)
  • Fever defined as >/= 37.5°C tympanic temperature or a history of fever within the last 24 hours
  • Written informed consent (by parent/guardian in case of children)
  • Willingness and ability of the patients or parents/guardians to comply with the study protocol for the duration of the study

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Signs of severe/complicated malaria
  • Haematocrit \< 25% or Hb \< 5 g/dL at screening (DRC: Hct\<15% and Hb \<5 g/dL due to high prevalence of anemia).
  • Acute illness other than malaria requiring treatment
  • For females: pregnancy, breast feeding
  • Patients who have received artemisinin or a derivative or an artemisinin containing combination therapy (ACT) within the previous 7 days
  • Treatment with mefloquine in the 2 months prior to presentation will be an exclusion criteria in the DHA-P+MQ sites
  • History of allergy or known contraindication to artemisinins, or to the ACT or TACT to be used at the site e.g. neuropsychiatric disorders will be a contraindication for the use of mefloquine.
  • Previous splenectomy
  • QTc-interval > 450 milliseconds at moment of presentation
  • Documented or claimed history of cardiac conduction problems
  • Earlier participation within the TRACII trial or another trial in the previous 3 months.
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 2 / Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
1,110 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    ACT-arms

    1.1 Artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days. 1.2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days 1.3 Artesunate-Mefloquine for 3 days

    Drug: ACT

  • Active comparator
    TACT-arms

    2.1: Artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days.plus: Amodiaquine for 3 days. 2.2: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days. plus: Mefloquine hydrochloride for 3 days. 2.3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days. plus: Mefloquine hydrochloride for 3 days.

    Drug: TACT

Interventions

  • DrugACT

    1. Artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days 2. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days. 3. Artesunate-mefloquine for 3 days

  • DrugTACT

    1. Artemether-lumefantrine for 3 days plus Amodiaquine for 3 days. 2. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days plus Mefloquine hydrochloride for 3 days. 3. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for 3 days plus Mefloquine hydrochloride for 3 days.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. PCR corrected efficacy defined as adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR)

    Time frame: 42 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Parasite clearance half-life

    Parasite clearance half-life assessed by microscopy as primary parameter to de-termine parasite clearance

    Time frame: 42 days

  2. Parasite reduction rates and ratios at 24 and 48 hours assessed by microscopy

    Time frame: at 24 and 48 hours

  3. Time for parasite count to fall to 50% of initial parasite density

    Time frame: 42 days

  4. Time for parasite count to fall to 90% of initial parasite density

    Time frame: 42 days

  5. Time for parasite count to fall to 99% of initial parasite density

    Time frame: 42 days

  6. Fever clearance time

    Time frame: 42 days

  7. Incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events

    Time frame: 42 days

  8. Incidence of adverse events concerning markers of hepatic toxicity

    Total billirubin, ALT, AST and Alkaline Phosphatase will be measured

    Time frame: 42 days

  9. Incidence of adverse events concerning markersof renal toxicity

    Creatinine will be measured

    Time frame: 42 days

  10. Incidence of prolongation of the QTc-interval

    Incidence of prolongation of the Qtc-interval above 500 ms or \> 60ms above baseline values

    Time frame: 3 days

  11. Change in hemoglobin/hematocrit

    Change in hemoglobin/hematocrit on day 1 to 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 according to geographical location and study arm, stratified for G6PD status

    Time frame: 42 days

  12. Proportion of patients that reports completing a full course of observed TACT or ACT without withdrawal of consent or exclusion from study

    Time frame: 42 days

  13. Prevalence of Kelch13 mutations of known functional significance

    Time frame: 42 days

  14. Prevalence/incidence of other genetic markers of antimalarial drug resistance

    Time frame: 42 days

  15. Genome wide association with in vivo/in vitro sensitivity parasite phenotype

    Time frame: 42 days

  16. Correlation between SNPs measured in dry blood spots and whole genome sequencing in leukocyte depleted blood samples

    Time frame: 42 days

  17. Transcriptomic patterns at t=0 and t=6h comparing sensitive and resistant parasites

    Time frame: 6hrs after start of treatment

  18. Correlation between qPCR based versus microscopy based assessments of parasite clearance dynamics

    Time frame: 14 days

  19. Proportion of patients with gametocytemia before,after treatment with Primaquine

    Time frame: assessed at admission, up to day 14

  20. Levels of RNA transcription coding for male or female specific gametocytes

    Time frame: at admission up to day 14

  21. In vitro sensitivity (expressed in IC50 values among others) of P. falciparum to artemisinins and partner drugs

    Time frame: 42 days

  22. • Pharmacokinetic profiles and interactions of artemisinin-derivatives and partner drugs (half-life, Cmax, AUC, Tmax) in 20 ACT treated and 20 TACT treated patients of both study arms

    Time frame: 42 days

  23. Day 7 drug levels of partner drugs in association with treatment efficacy and treatment arm

    Time frame: Day 7

06

Study locations

20 sites
  • College of Medicine Chittagong
    Ramu, Bangladesh
  • Pailin
    Pailin, Cambodia
  • Preah Vihear
    Preah Vihear, Cambodia
  • Pursat
    Pursat, Cambodia
  • Ratanakiri
    Ratankiri, Cambodia
  • Kinshasa
    Kinshasa, Congo, The Democratic Republic of the
  • Mohanpur Community health center
    Agartala, India
  • Midnapore
    Midnapore, India
  • Ispat General hospital
    Rourkela, India
  • Sekong
    Sekong, Lao People's Democratic Republic
  • Ann Hospital
    Ann, Myanmar
  • Pyay hospital
    Pyay, Myanmar
  • Pyin oo Lwin hospital
    Pyin oo Lwin, Myanmar
  • Thabeikkyin hospital
    Thabeikkyin, Myanmar
  • Phusing hospital
    Phusing, Srisaket, Thailand
  • Tha Song Yang hospital
    Tha Song Yang, Tak, Thailand
  • Chumphon hospital
    Chumphon, Thailand
  • Kunhan Hospital
    Si Sa Ket, Thailand
  • Thanto Hospital
    Yala, Thailand
  • Binh Phuoc hospital
    Binh Phuoc, Vietnam
07

References and documents

Publications

  • van der Pluijm RW, Tripura R, Hoglund RM, Pyae Phyo A, Lek D, Ul Islam A, Anvikar AR, Satpathi P, Satpathi S, Behera PK, Tripura A, Baidya S, Onyamboko M, Chau NH, Sovann Y, Suon S, Sreng S, Mao S, Oun S, Yen S, Amaratunga C, Chutasmit K, Saelow C, Runcharern R, Kaewmok W, Hoa NT, Thanh NV, Hanboonkunupakarn B, Callery JJ, Mohanty AK, Heaton J, Thant M, Gantait K, Ghosh T, Amato R, Pearson RD, Jacob CG, Goncalves S, Mukaka M, Waithira N, Woodrow CJ, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M, Fairhurst RM, Cheah PY, Peto TJ, von Seidlein L, Dhorda M, Maude RJ, Winterberg M, Thuy-Nhien NT, Kwiatkowski DP, Imwong M, Jittamala P, Lin K, Hlaing TM, Chotivanich K, Huy R, Fanello C, Ashley E, Mayxay M, Newton PN, Hien TT, Valecha N, Smithuis F, Pukrittayakamee S, Faiz A, Miotto O, Tarning J, Day NPJ, White NJ, Dondorp AM; Tracking Resistance to Artemisinin Collaboration. Triple artemisinin-based combination therapies versus artemisinin-based combination therapies for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a multicentre, open-label, randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2020 Apr 25;395(10233):1345-1360. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30552-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Apr 25;395(10233):1344. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30738-8. PubMed 32171078 ↗
  • van der Pluijm RW, Imwong M, Chau NH, Hoa NT, Thuy-Nhien NT, Thanh NV, Jittamala P, Hanboonkunupakarn B, Chutasmit K, Saelow C, Runjarern R, Kaewmok W, Tripura R, Peto TJ, Yok S, Suon S, Sreng S, Mao S, Oun S, Yen S, Amaratunga C, Lek D, Huy R, Dhorda M, Chotivanich K, Ashley EA, Mukaka M, Waithira N, Cheah PY, Maude RJ, Amato R, Pearson RD, Goncalves S, Jacob CG, Hamilton WL, Fairhurst RM, Tarning J, Winterberg M, Kwiatkowski DP, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT, Day NP, Miotto O, White NJ, Dondorp AM. Determinants of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment failure in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: a prospective clinical, pharmacological, and genetic study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Sep;19(9):952-961. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30391-3. Epub 2019 Jul 22. PubMed 31345710 ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02453308
Lead sponsor
University of Oxford
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
May 25, 2015
Start date
Aug 2015
Primary completion
Mar 2018
Completion
Mar 2018
Last update
May 9, 2018

Study contacts

Arjen Dondorp, MD
principal investigator · Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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