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Active, not recruitingNCT02447549RAIDERUpdated Jun 9, 2020

Study of Tumour Focused Radiotherapy for Bladder Cancer

A Phase 2 interventional study of WBRT and SART in Bladder Cancer, sponsored by Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom. Active, not recruiting at 49 sites in 3 countries. Open to participants aged 16 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-06-09.

Sponsored by Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Dec 2021, 4 years 10 months ago, but the record still lists the study as active, not recruiting.
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
345
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
16 Years and older
Sex
All
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Study summary

Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the UK, with 10,399 new cases diagnosed in 2011. In a quarter of these cases the cancer has infiltrated the muscular wall of the bladder (muscle invasive) and is life threatening. This type of bladder cancer is usually treated either with surgical removal of the bladder, or daily radiotherapy treatment (high strength xrays which kill cells), given every day for 4 or 7 weeks. RAIDER will investigate methods which have the potential to improve how well this radiotherapy works.

RAIDER is based on a study of novel radiotherapy techniques which was conducted at a single UK NHS Trust. Bladder radiotherapy is normally delivered using a single plan throughout treatment and treats the whole bladder with the same radiotherapy dose. In adaptive radiotherapy the delivery plan is chosen from 3 possible plans. In cancer (tumour) focused radiotherapy, the highest dose of the radiotherapy is aimed at the tumour within the bladder.

In RAIDER, at least 240 participants with muscle invasive bladder cancer will be in one of 3 treatment groups:

  1. standard whole bladder radiotherapy
  2. standard dose tumour focused adaptive radiotherapy
  3. dose escalated tumour boost adaptive radiotherapy

Participants will visit the hospital 4 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after radiotherapy and annually thereafter to check whether the cancer has returned and to receive treatment for any symptoms they may be experiencing.

RAIDER aims to confirm in a multicentre setting that novel techniques allow a higher radiotherapy dose than standard to be reliably targeted at the tumour within the bladder and to check that the long term side effects of the treatment are acceptable. If this is the case, results of RAIDER will be used to develop a study to establish whether dose escalated radiotherapy is better at treating bladder cancer than standard dose.

Read the detailed description

RAIDER has a two stage design. Stage 1 will establish the feasibility of delivering DART in a multi-centre setting, and stage 2 will establish the toxicity of DART. 72 patients will be recruited in stage 1, with at least an additional 168 patients in stage 2 (sufficient to recruit 57 evaluable participants to the DART group in each fractionation cohort).

Both fractionation regimens in standard use in UK are included - 32f and 20f. Participants will be permitted to receive concomitant chemotherapy. Primary endpoints will be assessed in each fractionation cohort separately with the flexibility to drop either a fractionation cohort or an experimental treatment group (on advice of Independent Data Monitoring Committee) following completion of stage 1.

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Conditions studied

  • Bladder Cancer

Keywords

  • IMRT
  • IGRT
  • Muscle invasive
  • Adaptive Radiotherapy
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In context

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

1,616 studies on the registry are indexed under Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; 421 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 345 is above the median of 60 across 1,163 interventional studies indexed under Urinary Bladder Neoplasms.

Browse Urinary Bladder Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom is the lead sponsor of 111 studies on the registry; 27 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
16 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Written informed consent
  • Age ≥16 years
  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder
  • Unifocal bladder TCC staged T2-T4a N0 M0*
  • Fit to receive a radical course of radiotherapy
  • WHO performance status 0-2
  • Willing and able to comply with study procedures and follow up schedule *Tumour location must be clearly visible on imagine or recorded on a surgical bladder map

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Nodal or metastatic disease
  • Multifocal invasive disease
  • Simultaneous TCC in upper tract or urethra
  • Pregnancy
  • Active malignancy within 2 years of randomisation (not including non melanomatous skin carcinoma, previous non muscle invasive bladder tumours, NCCN low risk prostate cancer (T1/T2a, Gleason 6 PSA \<10), in situ carcinoma of any site)
  • Bilateral hip replacements
  • Any other conditions that in the Principal Investigator's opinion would be a contra-indication to radiotherapy (e.g. previous pelvic radiotherapy / inflammatory bowel disease)
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Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
345 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    WBRT

    Standard dose whole bladder radiotherapy

    Radiation: WBRT

  • Experimental
    SART

    Standard dose Adaptive tumour focused radiotherapy (SART)

    Radiation: SART

  • Experimental
    DART

    Dose escalated Adaptive tumour boost radiotherapy (DART)

    Radiation: DART

Interventions

  • RadiationWBRT

    One RT plan with whole bladder treated to standard dose.

  • RadiationSART

    Three plans (small, medium \& large) generated with the standard dose of RT focused on the tumour, sparing the normal bladder from full dose radiation. Pretreatment cone beam CTs will be used to select the best fitting of the three plans prior to treatment.

  • RadiationDART

    Three plans (small, medium \& large) generated with a higher dose than standard focused on the tumour and the remainder of the bladder treated to the same dose as in the SART group. Pretreatment cone beam CTs will be used to select the best fitting of the three plans prior to treatment.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Proportion of participants meeting predefined radiotherapy dose constraints in DART group

    Primary outcome of stage 1 of study, predefined radiotherapy dose constraints for bladder, bowel and rectum met for medium plan in DART group.

    Time frame: 4-6 weeks from randomisation

  2. Proportion of patients experiencing severe late side effects following radiotherapy.

    Primary outcome of stage 2 of study, late CTC toxicity grade 3 or higher.

    Time frame: 6-18 months post radiotherapy

Secondary outcomes

  1. Clinician reported acute toxicity

    CTCAE v4

    Time frame: 0-6 months post radiotherapy

  2. Patient reported outcomes- symptomatic toxicity

    Patient Reported Outcomes-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) questionnaire

    Time frame: 0-24 months post radiotherapy

  3. Patient reported outcomes- urinary side effects

    King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ)

    Time frame: 0-24 months post radiotherapy

  4. Patient reported outcomes- sexual function

    excerpt of the EORTC QLQ-BLM30 questionnaire

    Time frame: 0-24 months post radiotherapy

  5. Patient reported outcomes- chronic gastrointestinal symptoms

    Assessment of Late Effects of RadioTherapy - Bowel (ALERT-B) questionnaire

    Time frame: 0-24 months post radiotherapy

  6. Patient reported outcomes- health status

    EQ-5D questionnaire

    Time frame: 0-24 months post radiotherapy

  7. Loco-regional MIBC control

    Control of existing MIBC

    Time frame: 0-5 years post radiotherapy

  8. Progression free survival

    Freedom from progressive disease

    Time frame: 0-5 years post radiotherapy

  9. Overall survival

    Death from any cause

    Time frame: 0-5 years post radiotherapy

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Study locations

49 sites
  • Riverina Cancer Care Centre
    Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
  • Princess Alexandra Hospital
    Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  • Townsville General Hospital
    Douglas, Queensland, Australia
  • Radiation Oncology Mater Centre QLD
    South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  • Royal Hobart Hospital
    Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
  • Austin Hospital
    Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
    Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
  • Auckland Hospital
    Auckland, New Zealand
  • Christchurch Hospital
    Christchurch, New Zealand
  • Waikato
    Hamilton, New Zealand
  • Torbay District General Hospital
    Torquay, Devon, United Kingdom
  • Barts Health NHS Trust
    London, England EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
  • The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
    Manchester, England M20 4BX, United Kingdom
  • Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust
    Nottingham, England NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
  • Queen's Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
    Romford, Essex, United Kingdom
  • Mount Vernon Cancer Centre
    Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
  • Ayr Hospital
    Ayr, Scotland KA6 6DX, United Kingdom
  • Maidstone Hospital, Kent Oncology Centre
    Adstone, United Kingdom
  • Belfast City Hospital
    Belfast, United Kingdom
  • Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust
    Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust
    Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Bradford, United Kingdom
  • Royal Sussex County Hospital
    Brighton, United Kingdom
  • Bristol Haematology & Oncology Centre
    Brixton, United Kingdom
  • West Suffolk Hospital
    Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom
  • Addenbrooke's Hospital
    Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Velindre Hospital, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust
    Cardiff, United Kingdom
  • Cheltenham General Hospital
    Cheltenham, United Kingdom
  • University Hospital Coventry
    Coventry, United Kingdom
  • Western General Hospital
    Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
    Exeter, United Kingdom
  • Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre
    Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • St Luke's Cancer Centre
    Guildford, United Kingdom
  • Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
    Leeds, United Kingdom
  • Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital
    London, United Kingdom
  • Royal Marsden NHSFT
    London, United Kingdom
  • Royal Oldham Hospital
    Manchester, United Kingdom
  • Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital,
    Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  • Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
    Norwich, United Kingdom
  • The Royal Oldham Hospital
    Oldham, United Kingdom
  • Peterborough City Hospital
    Peterborough, United Kingdom
  • Queen Alexandra Hospital
    Portsmouth, United Kingdom
  • Royal Preston Hospital
    Preston, United Kingdom
  • Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust
    Sheffield, United Kingdom
  • Kings Mill Hospital, Sherwood Forest Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust
    Sutton-in-Ashfield, United Kingdom
  • Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust
    Taunton, United Kingdom
  • Mid Yorkshire Hospitals
    Wakefield, United Kingdom
  • Pinderfields hospital, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust
    Wakefield, United Kingdom
  • The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust
    Wirral, United Kingdom
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References and documents

Publications

  • Hafeez S, Lewis R, Hall E, Huddart R; RAIDER Trial Management Group. Advancing Radiotherapy for Bladder Cancer: Randomised Phase II Trial of Adaptive Image-guided Standard or Dose-escalated Tumour Boost Radiotherapy (RAIDER). Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2021 Jun;33(6):e251-e256. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.02.012. Epub 2021 Mar 23. No abstract available. PubMed 33766502 ↗
  • Hafeez S, Webster A, Hansen VN, McNair HA, Warren-Oseni K, Patel E, Choudhury A, Creswell J, Foroudi F, Henry A, Kron T, McLaren DB, Mitra AV, Mostafid H, Saunders D, Miles E, Griffin C, Lewis R, Hall E, Huddart R. Protocol for tumour-focused dose-escalated adaptive radiotherapy for the radical treatment of bladder cancer in a multicentre phase II randomised controlled trial (RAIDER): radiotherapy planning and delivery guidance. BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 31;10(12):e041005. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041005. PubMed 33384390 ↗
  • Hafeez S, Lewis R, Griffin C, Hall E, Huddart R. Failing to Close the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice in Radical Bladder Cancer Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2021 Jan;33(1):46-49. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.001. Epub 2020 Aug 3. No abstract available. PubMed 32762980 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 9, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02447549
Lead sponsor
Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
Collaborators
Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
May 19, 2015
Start date
Oct 21, 2015
Primary completion
Dec 2021 (estimated)
Completion
Mar 2029 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 9, 2020

Study contacts

Robert Huddart
principal investigator · Institute of Cancer Research/RMNHSFT

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Jun 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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