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CompletedNCT01999504FooA2Updated Oct 17, 2014

Gut Hormone Response After Paleolithic-type Meals

An interventional study of PAL-2 and TFH-1 in Insulin Resistance and Satiety, sponsored by Unilever R&D. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to male participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2014-10-17.

Sponsored by Unilever R&D · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
24
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 60 Years
Sex
Male
01

Study summary

The effects of two palaeolithic-type meals will be assessed with respect to a panel of gut hormones, satiety, blood glucose and insulin levels as compared to a meal constructed along the lines of the world Health Organisation dietary recommendations

Read the detailed description

In the current study the effects of two palaeolithic-type meals will be assessed with respect to a panel of gut hormones (including incretins), satiety, blood glucose and insulin levels.

02

Conditions studied

  • Insulin Resistance
  • Satiety

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Keywords

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1
  • Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide
  • Peptide YY
  • Glucagon
  • Satiety
  • Meal
  • palaeolithic
03

In context

Insulin Resistance

1,960 studies on the registry are indexed under Insulin Resistance; 306 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 24 is below the median of 40 across 1,536 interventional studies indexed under Insulin Resistance.

Browse Insulin Resistance studies →

Lead sponsor

Unilever R&D is the lead sponsor of 69 studies on the registry; 3 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Body Mass Index (BMI) 18-27 inclusive
  • Apparently healthy: no medical conditions which might affect study measurements as judged by Leatherhead physician based on a health questionnaire)
  • Having general practitioner
  • Reported dietary habits: no medically prescribed diet, no slimming diet, used to eat 3 meals a day, no vegetarian
  • Reported intense sporting activities less than 10h/w
  • Reported alcohol consumption less than 21units/w
  • non-smoking
  • A fasting capillary blood glucose value within the local normal reference value: 4-6.5 mmol/L measured by finger prick

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Use of medication which interferes with the study measurements (as judged by the study physician)
  • Being an employee of Unilever or Leatherhead Food Research
  • Scoff questionaire score ≥ 2
  • Eating habit questionnaire ≥ 14
  • Smoking
  • Dislike, allergy or intolerance t the test meals or the ad libitum meal
  • Reported participation in another nutritional or biomedical trial 3 months before pre-study examination or during the study
  • Reported participation in night shift work two weeks prior to the pre-study investigation during the study. Night work is defined as working between midnight and 06.00 AM
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Double (Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
24 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    PAL-2

    Based on WHO dietary guidelines for protein, fat and carbohydrate but made with ingredients that would have been available in palaeolithic times (e.g. no cereals, no dairy).

    Other: PAL-2

  • Experimental
    TFH-1

    Based on WHO dietary guidelines for protein, fat and carbohydrate but made with ingredients that would have been available in palaeolithic times, (e.g. no cereals, no dairy).

    Other: TFH-1

  • Placebo comparator
    Reference

    Meal based on WHO dietary guidelines for protein, fat and carbohydrate.

    Other: Reference

Interventions

  • OtherPAL-2

    meal

  • OtherTFH-1

    Meal

  • OtherReference

    Meal

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Glucagon-like peptide-1

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve for Glucagon-like peptide-1 in blood plasma

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

Secondary outcomes

  1. Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide in blood plasma

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

  2. Fullness

    Area under the curve for fullness scores (as rated by the subjects on a Visual Analog Scale) versus time

    Time frame: 0-4 hours

  3. Glucose

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Glucose in blood

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

  4. Insulin

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve of insulin in blood plasma

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

  5. Glucagon

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Glucagon in blood plasma

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

  6. Peptide YY

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve of Peptide YY in blood plasma

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

  7. Hunger

    Area under the curve for hunger scores (as rated by the subjects on a Visual Analog Scale) versus time

    Time frame: 0-4 hours

  8. Desire to eat

    Area under the curve for desire to eat scores (as rated by the subjects on a Visual Analog Scale) versus time

    Time frame: 0-4 hours

Other outcomes

  1. Insulin/glucose ratio

    Ratio between insulin and glucose in blood as measured at 30 minutes after start of test product intake

    Time frame: 30 minutes

  2. Ad libitum meal

    Weight of an ad libitum pasta with tomato sauce meal consumed at 4 hours after test product intake

    Time frame: 4 hours

  3. Time to return to baseline of satiety score for fullness, hunger and desire to eat

    Time to return to baseline for the scores on a Visual Analogue Scales for fullness, hunger and desire to eat

    Time frame: up to 4 hours

  4. Peptide hormones

    Area under the Concentration versus time curve for total amylin, ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide, C-peptide, leptin, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in blood plasma

    Time frame: 0-3 hours

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Leatherhead Food Research
    Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RY, United Kingdom
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 17, 2014, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01999504
Lead sponsor
Unilever R&D
Collaborators
Leatherhead Food Research
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 3, 2013
Start date
Oct 2013
Primary completion
Dec 2013
Completion
Oct 2014
Last update
Oct 17, 2014

Study contacts

Carmen Diaz-Toledo Trenado
principal investigator · Leatherhead Food Research

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2014. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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