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CompletedNCT01992146Updated Feb 22, 2024

Effect of High-dose Naloxone Infusion on Pain and Hyperalgesia in Patients Following Groin-Hernia Repair.

A Phase 2 interventional study of Target-controlled naloxone-infusion and Placebo in Central Nervous System Sensitization, Pain and Hyperalgesia, sponsored by Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Completed at 1 site in Denmark. Open to male participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-02-22.

Sponsored by Rigshospitalet, Denmark · Phase 2, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
9
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
Male
01

Study summary

Recent studies have focused on the role of endogenous opioids on central sensitization. Central sensitization is known to be impaired or altered in chronic pain conditions, as fibromyalgia or chronic tension headache.

Animal studies have shown reinstatement of mechanical hypersensitivity following naloxone administration after resolution of an injury. This suggests latent sensitization.

In the present study, investigators hypothesize that a high-dose target-controlled naloxone infusion (total dose: 3.25 mg/kg) can reinstate pain and hyperalgesia 6-8 weeks after a unilateral primary open groin hernia repair procedure. Investigators aim to show that latent sensitization is present in humans and is modulated by endogenous opioids.

02

Conditions studied

  • Central Nervous System Sensitization
  • Pain
  • Hyperalgesia

Keywords

  • central sensitization
  • endogenous opioids
  • humans
  • latent sensitization
  • naloxone
  • open groin hernia repair
  • pain
  • randomized controlled trial
  • secondary hyperalgesia
  • target-controlled infusion
03

In context

Pain

10,054 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 1,649 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 9 is below the median of 66 across 8,493 interventional studies indexed under Pain.

Browse Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Rigshospitalet, Denmark is the lead sponsor of 1,007 studies on the registry; 175 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age ≥ 18 years and ≤ 65 years
  • Signed
  • Patients submitted to unilateral, primary inguinal, open herniotomy 6-8 weeks prior to study start.
  • Open operating procedure a.m. Lichtenstein.
  • Urin sample without traces of opioids (morphine, methadon, buprenorphine, codeine, tramadol, ketobemidone, oxycodone, hydromorphine, dextromethorphan)
  • (BMI): 18 \< BMI \< 30

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteers , who do not speak or understand Danish
  • Patients, who cannot cooperate with the investigation
  • Patients who have had previous surgery in the groin region
  • Patients with pain at rest > 3 (NRS)
  • Activity-related pain in the surgical field > 5
  • Allergic reaction against morphine or other opioids (including naloxone),
  • Abuse of alcohol or drugs - according to investigator's evaluation
  • Use of psychotropic drugs (exception of SSRI)
  • Neurologic or psychiatric disease
  • Chronic pain condition
  • Regular use of analgesic drugs
  • Skin lesions and tattoos in the assessment areas
  • Nerve lesions in the assessment sites (for instance, after trauma, disc herniation, etc.)
  • Use of prescription drugs 1 week before the trial
  • Use of over-the-counter drugs 48 hours before the trial
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

ASA physical status

The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
9 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Change in Pain Ratings (NRS) at the surgical site and at the mirror-site in the contralateral groin six to eight weeks after unilateral herniotomy following administration of placebo.

    Drug: Placebo

  • Experimental
    Target-controlled naloxone-infusion (total dose: 3.25 mg/kg)

    Change in Pain Ratings (NRS) at the surgical site and at the mirror-site in the contralateral groin six to eight weeks after unilateral herniotomy following administration of naloxone.

    Drug: Target-controlled naloxone-infusion

Interventions

  • DrugTarget-controlled naloxone-infusion
  • DrugPlacebo
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Summated pain intensity

    Change in pain ratings (\[NRS,0-10\] pain at rest + pain during transition from supine to standing position + pain during pressure (100 kPa) at injury site), assessed 6-8 weeks after unilateral, primary, open groin hernia repair following administration of naloxone/placebo.

    Time frame: 1st session: 6-8 weeks after surgery; 2nd session: one week later

Secondary outcomes

  1. Secondary hyperalgesia/allodynia

    Change in secondary hyperalgesia area/allodynia at surgical site and at the mirror-site in the contralateral groin assessed 6-8 weeks after unilateral, primary, open groin hernia repair following administration of naloxone/placebo.

    Time frame: 1st session: 6-8 weeks after surgery; 2nd session: one week later

  2. Pressure pain thresholds

    Change in pressure pain thresholds at surgical site and at the mirror-site in the contralateral groin assessed 6-8 weeks after unilateral, primary, open groin hernia repair following administration of naloxone/placebo.

    Time frame: 1st session: 6-8 weeks; 2nd session: one week later

Other outcomes

  1. Pain Catastrophizing Scale

    Patients fill out Pain Catastrophizing Scale before assessments on the first study day

    Time frame: in the 1st session: 6-8 weeks after surgery

  2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

    Patients fill out Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale before assessments on the first study day

    Time frame: in the 1st session: 6-8 weeks after surgery

  3. Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale

    Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale is filled out before and during naloxone/placebo administration in each experimental session

    Time frame: 1st session: 6-8 weeks after surgery; 2nd session: one week later

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Multidisciplinary Pain Center, 7612, HOC, Rigshospitalet
    Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Papathanasiou T, Springborg AD, Kongstad KT, Staerk D, Moller K, Taylor BK, Lund TM, Werner MU. High-dose naloxone, an experimental tool uncovering latent sensitisation: pharmacokinetics in humans. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Aug;123(2):e204-e214. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.12.007. Epub 2019 Jan 18. PubMed 30915992 ↗
  • Pereira MP, Werner MU, Dahl JB. Effect of a high-dose target-controlled naloxone infusion on pain and hyperalgesia in patients following groin hernia repair: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Nov 10;16:511. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-1021-6. Erratum In: Trials. 2016 Jan 20;17:41. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1181-z.. Pereira, Manuel Pedro; Utke Werner, Mads and Berg Dahl, Joergen [Corrected to Pereira, M P; Werner, M U and Dahl, J B]. PubMed 26554360 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Nov 2015 to primary completion in Dec 2015, 1 month.

Of 124 non-industry phase 2 interventional studies under Pain, half reached primary completion within 33 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 60. This study's 1 month is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 186 studies reached it within 21 months; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 40.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 7, 2013
First posted
Nov 25, 2013
StartActual
Nov 11, 2015
Primary completionActual
Dec 14, 2015
CompletionActual
May 11, 2018
Last update
Feb 22, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 22, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01992146
Collaborators
University of Kentucky, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Responsible party
Mads Werner (Physician, Rigshospitalet, Denmark) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 25, 2013
Start date
Nov 11, 2015
Primary completion
Dec 14, 2015
Completion
May 11, 2018
Last update
Feb 22, 2024

Study contacts

Mads U Werner, M.D., D.M.Sc.
principal investigator · Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Mads U Werner, M.D., D.M.Sc.
study director · Rigshospitalet, Denmark

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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