ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT01719055RELIEFUpdated Oct 13, 2026

RELIEF - A Global Prospective Observational Post-Market Study to Evaluate Long-Term Effectiveness of Neurostimulation Therapy for Pain

An observational study in Pain, sponsored by Boston Scientific Corporation. Recruiting at 118 sites in 16 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-13.

Sponsored by Boston Scientific Corporation · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Nov 2012; still recruiting 13 years 11 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
4,800
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To compile characteristics of real-world clinical outcomes for Boston Scientific commercially approved neurostimulation systems for pain in routine clinical practice, when used according to the applicable Instructions for Use

- and -

To evaluate the economic value and technical performance of Boston Scientific commercially approved neurostimulation systems for pain in routine clinical practice

Read the detailed description

The study is a prospective, multi-center, global, post-market study of Boston Scientific neurostimulation systems for pain.

The study treatment will consist of neurostimulation trial therapy with any commercially approved Boston Scientific Corporation neurostimulator for pain. Positive trials, subjects with a successful trial outcome, may progress to permanent implant of a neurostimulation system. Individualization of neurostimulation therapy for pain will be determined according to investigator discretion and site routine care, and in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pain

Keywords

  • stimulation
  • implantable
  • pulse generator
  • back pain
  • chronic pain
  • leg pain
03

In context

Pain

10,054 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 1,649 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 4,800 is above the median of 100 across 1,252 observational studies indexed under Pain.

Browse Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Boston Scientific Corporation is the lead sponsor of 528 studies on the registry; 40 are open to participants now.

Of its 64 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 56 (88%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

Subjects who exhibit an on-label indication for neurostimulation to relieve chronic intractable pain, according to the Instructions for Use, as applicable in each country or region

Eligibility criteria

Key Inclusion Criteria:

  • Study candidate is scheduled to be trialed, on-label, with a commercially approved Boston Scientific neurostimulation system for pain, per local directions for use
  • Signed a valid, IRB/EC-approved form
  • 18 years of age or older

Key Exclusion Criteria:

  • for Boston Scientific neurostimulation system
  • Currently diagnosed with cognitive impairment, or exhibits any characteristic, that would limit study candidate's ability to assess pain relief or to complete study assessments
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
4,800 participants (estimated)

Groups and cohorts

  • Boston Scientific SCS Systems

    Subjects permanently implanted with a Boston Scientific neurostimulation systems

    Device: neurostimulation system

Interventions

  • Deviceneurostimulation system

    Trial stimulation period, followed by permanent implant of a neurostimulation system for subjects with a positive trial outcome

06

What researchers measure

Other outcomes

  1. Percent Pain Relief

    Percent pain relief of targeted pain at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months follow up

    Time frame: Up to 60 months follow up

  2. Percent Pain Relief

    Percent pain relief of low back pain at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months follow up

    Time frame: Up to 60 months follow up

  3. Percent Pain Relief

    Percent pain relief of leg pain at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months follow up

    Time frame: Up to 60 months follow up

  4. Change in QoL

    Change in quality of life as reported by the Subject at

    Time frame: Up to 60 months follow up

07

Study locations

28 of 118 sites recruiting
  • Physicians Research Group, LLC
    Phoenix, Arizona 85016, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Hope Research Institute
    Phoenix, Arizona 85018, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Banner University Medical Center
    Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
    Completed

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Comprehensive Pain Management Center
    Campbell, California 95008, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Coastal Research Institute
    Carlsbad, California 92009, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Pain Medicine Associates, Inc.
    Fountain Valley, California 92708, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Metropolitan Pain Management Consultants Inc.
    Sacramento, California 95821, United States
    Terminated

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  • Huntley Pain Specialists
    San Diego, California 92108, United States
    Withdrawn

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  • Conejo Pain Specialists
    Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Denver Back Pain Specialists
    Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111, United States
    Recruiting
  • Orlando Health Neuroscience Institute, Inc
    Clermont, Florida 34711, United States
    Recruiting
  • South Lake Pain Institute, Inc
    Clermont, Florida 34711, United States
    Recruiting
  • University of Florida Shands Hospital
    Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
    Recruiting
  • Louis J. Raso, MD, PA
    Jupiter, Florida 33477, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Advanced Interventional Pain Management and Research Clinic, Inc.
    Miami Gardens, Florida 33169, United States
    Terminated

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  • JM Clinical Research
    South Miami, Florida 33143, United States
    Withdrawn

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  • Tallahassee Neurological Clinic, PA
    Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Orthopedic Research Foundation
    Savannah, Georgia 31405, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Pain Care, LLC
    Stockbridge, Georgia 30281, United States
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Neurosurgery Outpatient Clinic
    Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Chicago Anesthesia Pain Specialists
    Chicago, Illinois 60657, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Global Scientific Innovations - Advanced Pain Care Clinic
    Evansville, Indiana 47714, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Summit Research Institute
    Fort Wayne, Indiana 46825, United States
    Terminated

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  • Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine
    Greenwood, Indiana 46143, United States
    Withdrawn

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  • American Health Network of Indiana, LLC
    Muncie, Indiana 47304, United States
    Terminated

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  • Research Medical Center
    Lenexa, Kansas 66214, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Neuroscience Associates of Northern Kentucky
    Crestview Hills, Kentucky 41017, United States
    Withdrawn

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  • Bux Pain Management
    Danville, Kentucky 40422, United States
    Terminated

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  • Ochsner Clinic Foundation
    New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, United States
    Recruiting
  • Willis-Knighton River Cities Clinical Research Center
    Shreveport, Louisiana 71105, United States
    Recruiting
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital
    Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
    Recruiting
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    Brookline, Massachusetts 02445, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Michigan Pain Specialists
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience
    Flint, Michigan 48507, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Forest Health Medical Center
    Ypsilanti, Michigan 48198, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Jackson Anesthesia Pain Center, LLC
    Jackson, Mississippi 39202, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Midwest Pain Center
    Chesterfield, Missouri 63005, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Saint Louis Pain Consultants
    Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • KC Pain Centers
    Lee's Summit, Missouri 64086, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Hope Research Institute
    Las Vegas, Nevada 89106, United States
    Withdrawn

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  • Albany Medical Center
    Albany, New York 12208, United States
    Terminated

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  • New York Presbyterian Hospital
    New York, New York 10065, United States
    Terminated

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  • University of Rochester
    Rochester, New York 14618, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Montefiore Medical Center
    The Bronx, New York 10461, United States
    Recruiting
  • Spine and Skeletal Pain Medicine
    Utica, New York 13502, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Carolinas Research Institute, PLLC
    Huntersville, North Carolina 28078, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Raleigh Neurology Associates, P.A.
    Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • The Center for Clinical Research, LLC
    Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Case Western Reserve University
    Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    Completed

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Ohio State University Medical Center
    Columbus, Ohio 43203, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • University of Toledo Medical Center
    Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Pacific Sports and Spine, LLC
    Eugene, Oregon 97401, United States
    Recruiting
  • Fox Chase Pain Management
    Trevose, Pennsylvania 19053, United States
    Recruiting
  • Medical University of South Carolina
    Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Florence Neurosurgery and Spine
    Florence, South Carolina 29506, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • PCPMG Clinical Research Unit, LLC
    Greenville, South Carolina 29601, United States
    Recruiting
  • Channel Research
    Pawleys Island, South Carolina 29585, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Balcones Pain Consultants
    Austin, Texas 78745, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Institute of Precision Pain Medicine
    Corpus Christi, Texas 78414, United States
    Recruiting
  • Spine Works Institute
    North Richland Hills, Texas 76182, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Spine Team Texas
    Rockwall, Texas 75032, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Precision Spine Care
    Tyler, Texas 75701, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Washington Center for Pain Management
    Bellevue, Washington 98004, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • EvergreenHealth Pain Care
    Kirkland, Washington 98034, United States
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Swedish Neuroscience Institute
    Seattle, Washington 98122, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • West Virginia University Hospitals
    Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Advanced Pain Management Appleton
    Greenfield, Wisconsin 53221, United States
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • CENIT Centro de Neurociencias, Investigacion y Tratamiento
    Buenos Aires, Argentina
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Interventus Pain Specialists
    Auchenflower, Australia
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Hunter Clinical Research
    Broadmeadow, Australia
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Hunter Pain Clinic
    Broadmeadow, Australia
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Green Lizard Science
    Claremont, Australia
    Terminated

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  • Sydney Spine and Pain Pty Ltd
    Hurstville, Australia
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Sunshine Coast Clinical Research
    Noosa, Australia
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Pain Matrix
    Waurn Ponds, Australia
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Pain Medicine of South Australia
    Wayville, Australia
    Recruiting
  • AZ Sint-Lucas
    Ghent, Belgium
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • AZ Delta
    Roeselare, Belgium
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • London Health Sciences Centre
    London, Canada
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Hopital de Enfant-Jesus
    Québec, Canada
    Recruiting
  • Regina General Hospital
    Regina, Canada
    Recruiting
  • Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili
    Cali, Colombia
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia Floridablanca
    Floridablanca, Colombia
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Odense University Hospital
    Odense, Denmark
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Universitatsklinik Charite Berlin
    Berlin, Germany
    Recruiting
  • University KH Bonn
    Bonn, Germany
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Uniklinik Köln
    Cologne, Germany
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Uniklinik Köln
    Cologne, Germany
    Recruiting
  • Universitaetsklinikum Dusseldorf
    Düsseldorf, Germany
    Recruiting
  • Algesiologikum
    München, Germany
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Sheba Medical Center
    Ramat Gan, Israel
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
    Tel Aviv, Israel
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS
    Pavia, Italy
    Recruiting
  • Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana
    Pisa, Italy
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Kobe University Hospital
    Kobe, Japan
    Terminated

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  • Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital
    Nishinomiya-shi, Japan
    Terminated

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  • Okayama University Hospital
    Okayama, Japan
    Terminated

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  • Sakai Hospital Kinki University Faculty of Medicine
    Sakaishi, Japan
    Terminated

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  • Ziekenhuis Rijnstate
    Velp, Netherlands
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Hospital General de Ciudad Real
    Ciudad Real, Spain
    Recruiting

Showing the first 100 of 118 sites across 16 countries. Choose a country and city above to see the rest.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • Rauck RL, Loudermilk E, Thomson SJ, Paz-Solis JF, Bojrab L, Noles J, Vesper J, Atallah J, Roth D, Hegarty J, Prud'Homme M, Phillips GM, Smith SG, Ibrahim M, Willoughby CD, Obray JB, Gupta M, Paez J, Berg AP, Harrison NJ, Maino P, Mambalam P, McCarty M, Towlerton G, Love-Jones S, Ahmed S, Lee A, Shah B, Goor-Aryeh I, Russo MA, Varela N, Phelps JB, Cid J, Fernandez T, Perez-Hernandez C, Keehn D, Rosenow JM, Haider N, Parrent AG, Lawrence MM, Georgius P, Demartini L, Mendiola A, Mehta V, Thoma R, Israel AF, Carolis G, Bhatia S, Green M, Villarreal A, Crooks MT, Gwinn RP, Pilitsis JG, Sato H, Vega SM, Hillegass MG, Carnes P, Scherer C, Brill S, Yu J, Brennan JJ, Gatzinsky K, Navani A, Snook LT Jr, Bujedo BM, Andres Ares J, Murillo A, Trobridge AT, Assil K, Shah J, McLeod C, Buwembo J, Coster O, Miller N, Sanapati M, Mikhael M, Przkora R, Sukenaga N, Raso LJ, Calodney AK, Caceres Jerez LE, Uchiyama T, Kallewaard JW, Chandler B, Piedimonte F, Candido KD, Weaver TE, Agari T, Holthouse D, Woon R, Patel N, Lechleiter K, Jain R. Long-term safety of spinal cord stimulation systems in a prospective, global registry of patients with chronic pain. Pain Manag. 2023 Feb;13(2):115-127. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0091. Epub 2023 Jan 24. PubMed 36691862 ↗
09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Nov 2012 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for May 2035, 270 months after the start.

Of 519 observational studies under Pain, half reached primary completion within 18 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 41. This study's planned 270 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 30, 2012
First posted
Nov 1, 2012
StartActual
Nov 19, 2012
Primary completionEst.
May 2035
CompletionEst.
May 2035
Last update
Oct 13, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Minor edits
Nothing that changes what the study is or who can join. Edited: verification date
1 update, last Oct 13, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Oct 13, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 1 other change: verification date

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01719055
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Nov 1, 2012
Start date
Nov 19, 2012
Primary completion
May 2035 (estimated)
Completion
May 2035 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 13, 2026

Study contacts

Thanh Hoang, MS
Contact
BSNClinicalTrials@bsci.com
855-213-9890
Stephanie Delvaux
Contact
BSNClinicalTrials@bsci.com
855-213-9890
Natalie Bloom Lyons
study director · Boston Scientific Corporation

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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