ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT01416805Updated Jun 18, 2019Results posted

Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Anxiety in Community Health Centers

A Phase 3 interventional study of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Treatment as usual in Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia and Separation Anxiety Disorder, sponsored by University of South Florida. Completed at 4 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 7 Years to 13 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-06-18.

Sponsored by University of South Florida · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
100
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
7 Years to 13 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will examine the efficacy of a computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) program for children with anxiety disorders in community health centers. The first phase of the study will offer insight into the feasibility of providing this intervention in community health centers, while the second phase will compare CCBT to treatment as usual.

Read the detailed description

Childhood anxiety disorders are quite common and associated with significant psychosocial impairment and distress. Offering equivalent efficacy to pharmacotherapy without the common side effect profile, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first line treatment for anxiety disorders in youth. However, dissemination of CBT to community settings is very limited. Effective treatment via traditional CBT often necessitates that the patient travel to a center that specializes in this treatment, and cost can prove an impediment to those of lower socioeconomic status, in particular. As well, differing theoretical approaches and training result in a minority of children with anxiety receiving evidence-based CBT. Accordingly, there is a great need for more widely accessible practices. As such, we are proposing a two phase trial that evaluates the feasibility of implementing a patient-centered intervention in community mental health centers, followed by an efficacy trial. In Phase I, an open trial of computerized CBT (CCBT) will be completed that focuses on feasibility issues of providing this intervention in community mental health centers. Thereafter, we will complete a randomized controlled trial comparing CCBT to treatment as usual (TAU) in Phase II. The open trial will recruit 18 youth ages 7 to 13 years, with the purpose of testing both practicality and management of an already developed CCBT protocol (Kendall \& Khanna, 2008). The outcome trial will recruit 110 youth, with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of the CCBT protocol in front-line settings. Significantly greater symptom reductions in the CCBT group as compared to the TAU group would provide critical evidence for the inclusion of CCBT as a treatment option for anxious youth without immediate access to such in-person care. While this study will be coordinated by the University of South Florida Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry team who is located at All Children's Hospital (USF/ACH), recruitment will take place at three community mental health centers throughout Florida that serve families of lower socioeconomic status. Primary outcomes will be assessed by an independent evaluator, and will include change in anxiety symptom severity; response rates; and remission rates. CCBT will follow the Kendall and Khanna (2008) manual with appropriate integrity checks. The implications of this study are significant, as computerized CBT may enable widespread dissemination of efficacious therapy for anxiety disorders among youth.

02

Conditions studied

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Social Phobia
  • Separation Anxiety Disorder

Keywords

  • childhood anxiety disorders
  • cognitive behavioral therapy
  • CBT
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Social Phobia
  • Separation Anxiety Disorder
  • Psychotherapy
  • Counseling
  • Social Anxiety Disorder
03

In context

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

517 studies on the registry are indexed under Generalized Anxiety Disorder; 124 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 100 is above the median of 83 across 439 interventional studies indexed under Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Browse Generalized Anxiety Disorder studies →

Lead sponsor

University of South Florida is the lead sponsor of 340 studies on the registry; 65 are open to participants now.

Of its 17 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (24%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
7 Years to 13 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Outpatient boys and girls with an anxiety disorder (see below) aged 7-13 years.
  • Meets criteria for a diagnosis of one of the following anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social phobia.
  • Minimum score of 14 on the PARS Severity Scale.
  • The child has a Full Scale IQ greater than 80 as assessed on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.
  • Have home access to a computer with internet connection.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Receiving concurrent psychotherapy or other counseling services.
  • New Treatments: Initiation of an antidepressant within 12 weeks before study enrollment or an antipsychotic 6 weeks before study enrollment. No new alternative medications, nutritionals or therapeutic diets within 6 weeks of study enrollment. However, pharmacological interventions may be initiated or added if the child is randomized to the Treatment as Usual arm in Phase II.
  • Established Treatment changes: Any change in established psychotropic medication (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics) within 8 weeks before study enrollment (6 weeks for antipsychotic). Alternative medications that might have behavioral effects must be stable for 6 weeks prior to the study baseline assessment. Any medications that the child is on must remain stable during treatment unless s/he is randomized to the Treatment as Usual arm in Phase II.
  • (a) Current suicidality or (b) individuals who have engaged in suicidal behaviors within 6 months.
  • Lifetime bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder.
  • Unwillingness of parents to make the commitment to accompany their children for study visits/assessments.
  • Presence of a significant and/or unstable medical illness which might lead to hospitalization during the study.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

DSM diagnostic criteria

The American Psychiatric Association’s manual of mental health diagnoses. DSM-5 (2013, revised as DSM-5-TR in 2022) replaced DSM-IV, and some studies still name the older edition. “Meets DSM criteria for …” means diagnosed by that edition’s diagnostic criteria, usually by a clinician in an interview.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
100 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

    Behavioral: Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  • Active comparator
    Treatment as Usual

    Behavioral: Treatment as usual

Interventions

  • BehavioralComputerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

    Those who choose to participate will be enrolled in the 14 week study (18 weeks for phase II). They will required to attend 3 assessments - pre-treatment (week 0), mid-treatment (week 8), and post-treatment (week 14) (and a 4th assessment for a 1 month Follow-up for Phase II at week 18). This group will follow the CCBT protocol (Camp Cope-A-lot), which is the computer-assisted intervention for anxious children being examined in this study. The first 6 levels of this program are skill building levels to be completed by the user in his/her own home. The remaining 6 levels are completed with the therapist and consist of exposure tasks and rehearsal geared toward each child.

  • BehavioralTreatment as usual

    Those who choose to participate will be enrolled in the 14 week study (18 weeks for phase II). They will required to attend 3 assessments - pre-treatment (week 0), mid-treatment (week 8), and post-treatment (week 14) (and a 4th assessment for a 1 month Follow-up for Phase II at week 18). Those in this group will not receive the CCBT, and instead will undergo therapy for their anxiety as they usually would, whether by using medication or working with a therapist.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. PARS

    Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS)- The PARS (RUPP, 2002) is a clinician-rated scale assessing anxiety symptoms and the associated severity and impairment in children over the past week. The scale score ranges from 0 to 30 with higher scores reflecting worse anxiety. The score, ranging from 0-30 represents a total score by summing all 6 items (which have item response options ranking from 0 to 5 each).

    Time frame: 14 Weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. ADIS-C/P Clinical Severity Rating

    Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and Parent Versions (ADIS-IV-C/P)- The ADIS-IV-C/P (Silverman \& Albano, 1996) is a clinician-administered, semi-structured interview that assesses for the presence and severity of DSM-IV anxiety disorders as well as Dysthymia and Major Depression, ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder. Excellent psychometric properties have been reported (e.g., Wood et al., 2002). The Clinical Severity Rating score is a one item metric reflecting the severity of the anxiety diagnosis. This is rated by the clinician based on their interview with the patient and parent, together with their judgment. The Rating ranges from 0 to 8 with higher scores reflecting worse anxiety.

    Time frame: 14 weeks

07

Results

Posted Jun 18, 2019
Limitations and caveats
The majority of the sample was Caucasian. Not everyone in Treatment as Usual received active treatment. The 1-month follow-up duration was not sufficient to evaluate long-term treatment maintenance.

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneComputerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as Usual
Started4951
Completed4547
Not completed44
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up44

Outcome measures

PrimaryPARS

Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS)- The PARS (RUPP, 2002) is a clinician-rated scale assessing anxiety symptoms and the associated severity and impairment in children over the past week. The scale score ranges from 0 to 30 with higher scores reflecting worse anxiety. The score, ranging from 0-30 represents a total score by summing all 6 items (which have item response options ranking from 0 to 5 each).

Time frame:
14 Weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
PARS
units on a scaleComputerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as Usual
PARS11.4 ± 5.214.7 ± 4.9
SecondaryADIS-C/P Clinical Severity Rating

Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and Parent Versions (ADIS-IV-C/P)- The ADIS-IV-C/P (Silverman \& Albano, 1996) is a clinician-administered, semi-structured interview that assesses for the presence and severity of DSM-IV anxiety disorders as well as Dysthymia and Major Depression, ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder. Excellent psychometric properties have been reported (e.g., Wood et al., 2002). The Clinical Severity Rating score is a one item metric reflecting the severity of the anxiety diagnosis. This is rated by the clinician based on their interview with the patient and parent, together with their judgment. The Rating ranges from 0 to 8 with higher scores reflecting worse anxiety.

Time frame:
14 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
ADIS-C/P Clinical Severity Rating
units on a scaleComputerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as Usual
ADIS-C/P Clinical Severity Rating3 ± 1.34 ± 1.4

Adverse events

Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy0/49 (0%)0/49 (0%)0/49 (0%)
Treatment as Usual0/51 (0%)0/51 (0%)0/51 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Computerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as UsualTotal
<=18 years4951100
Between 18 and 65 years000
>=65 years000
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Computerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as UsualTotal
Mean9.4 ± 1.810.2 ± 1.89.82 ± 1.8
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Computerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as UsualTotal
Female232144
Male263056
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Computerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as UsualTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian213
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American4711
White434184
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported022
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Computerized Cognitive Behavioral TherapyTreatment as UsualTotal
United States4951100
08

Study locations

4 sites
  • Directions for Mental Health
    Clearwater, Florida, United States
  • Henderson Behavioral Health
    Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States
  • Access Behavioral Health
    Pensacola, Florida, United States
  • Eric Storch
    Tampa, Florida 33629, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Storch EA, Salloum A, King MA, Crawford EA, Andel R, McBride NM, Lewin AB. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTERS OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY VERSUS TREATMENT AS USUAL FOR CHILDREN WITH ANXIETY. Depress Anxiety. 2015 Nov;32(11):843-52. doi: 10.1002/da.22399. Epub 2015 Sep 14. PubMed 26366886 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 18, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01416805
Collaborators
Access Behavioral Health, Henderson Behavioral Health, Directions for Mental Health
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 15, 2011
Start date
Aug 2011
Primary completion
Dec 2015
Completion
Dec 2015
Results posted
Jun 18, 2019
Last update
Jun 18, 2019

Study contacts

Eric A Storch, Ph.D.
principal investigator · University of South Florida

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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