A Phase 3 interventional study of mercaptopurine and methotrexate in Leukemia, sponsored by SWOG Cancer Research Network. Completed at 210 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 120 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-01-10.
Sponsored by SWOG Cancer Research Network · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as gemtuzumab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Sometimes the cancer may not need more treatment until it progresses. In this case, observation may be sufficient. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy is more effective than observation when given as maintenance therapy in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia.
PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying tretinoin, mercaptopurine, and methotrexate to see how well they work when given as maintenance therapy compared with observation after combination chemotherapy in treating patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. (Randomization and observation group closed as of 8/15/10)
OBJECTIVES:
OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study.
Post-consolidation therapy: Patients who do not achieve molecular CR (CRm), but do achieve CR or CRi and are still PML-RARα-positive after consolidation therapy, receive gemtuzumab ozogamicin IV over 2 hours on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 14 days for up to 6 courses or until PML-RARα-negative by PCR. (closed as of 8/15/10)Patients are stratified according to age (18 to 60 years vs > 60 years), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) risk group (low vs intermediate), and if the patient received consolidation therapy courses 3 or 4 (yes vs no) regardless of their CRm response. These patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. (Randomization and observation arm closed as of 8/15/10) All patients are non-randomly assigned to receive post-consolidation therapy.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year, and then annually for 3 years.
5,441 studies on the registry are indexed under Leukemia; 636 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 105 is above the median of 38 across 4,247 interventional studies indexed under Leukemia.
Browse Leukemia studies →SWOG Cancer Research Network is the lead sponsor of 328 studies on the registry; 37 are open to participants now.
Of its 17 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 17 (100%) have results posted.
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DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:
Cytologically confirmed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) or the variant form of APL
Low- or intermediate-risk disease
Must be registered on clinical trials SWOG-9007 and SWOG-S9910
PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:
No other malignancy within the past 5 years except for the following:
PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:
No prior systemic chemotherapy, hydroxyurea, or leukapheresis for acute leukemia
Patients receive oral tretinoin twice daily on days 1-7, oral mercaptopurine once daily on days 1-14, and oral methotrexate on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks for up to 1 year.
Drug: mercaptopurine · Drug: methotrexate · Drug: tretinoin
Patients receive no further chemotherapy. Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year. (Randomization and observation arm closed as of 8/15/10)
Given orally
Given orally
Given orally
3-year Disease-free Survival (DFS) Rate
DFS measured from date of post-consolidation randomization until relapse of any kind or death from any cause. Observation censored at date of last follow-up for patients last known to be alive without report of relapse. Relapse from CR/CRi is occurrence of marrow blasts ≥ 5% or presence of Auer rods or presence of neoplastic promyelocytes; (re)appearance of leukemic blasts or neoplastic promyelocytes in the peripheral blood; or (re)appearance of extramedullary disease. Relapse from PR is sum of marrow blasts and promyelocytes ≥ 20%, or sum of marrow blasts and promyelocytes 6-19% with Auer rods and/or neoplastic promyelocytes; or (re)appearance of leukemic blasts or neoplastic promyelocytes in the peripheral blood; or (re)appearance of extramedullary disease. Relapse from CRc is reappearance of t(15;17) in cytogenetic analysis. Relapse from CRm/PRm is reappearance of PML-RARα by RT-PCR as defined by a normalized quotient \> 10\^-5 based on RT-PCR performed at appropriate central lab.
Time frame: Up to 3 years
Number of Patients With Grade 3 Through 5 Adverse Events That Are Related to Study Drug
Any CTCAE 3.0 event of Grade 3 (severe), Grade 4 (life threatening), or Grade 5 (fatal) which were deemed to be related to protocol treatment are included. Only adverse events that are possibly, probably, or definitely related to study drug are reported.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
| Milestone | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients | Post-consolidation ATRA, 6-MP, MTX | Post-consolidation Observation | Post-consolidation Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Completed | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Not completed | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Death | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Milestone | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients | Post-consolidation ATRA, 6-MP, MTX | Post-consolidation Observation | Post-consolidation Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Completed | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Not completed | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Not protocol specified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Milestone | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients | Post-consolidation ATRA, 6-MP, MTX | Post-consolidation Observation | Post-consolidation Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 0 | 41 | 27 | 1 |
| Completed | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 |
| Not completed | 0 | 12 | 27 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Death | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Not protocol specified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Observation arm | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 |
Any CTCAE 3.0 event of Grade 3 (severe), Grade 4 (life threatening), or Grade 5 (fatal) which were deemed to be related to protocol treatment are included. Only adverse events that are possibly, probably, or definitely related to study drug are reported.
| Participants | ATRA + Ara-C + Daunorubicin | Consolidation | ATRA+6-MP+MTX | Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT, SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| AST, SGOT | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis (metabolic or respiratory) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Albumin, serum-low (hypoalbuminemia) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alkalosis (metabolic or respiratory) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Anorexia | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia) | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| CPK (creatine phosphokinase) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Calcium, serum-low (hypocalcemia) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cardiac Arrhythmia-Other (Specify) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cholesterol, serum-high (hypercholesterolemia) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Coagulation-Other (Specify) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Confusion | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Creatinine | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dehydration | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Diarrhea | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Distention/bloating, abdominal | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dizziness | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry skin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dyspnea (shortness of breath) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enteritis (inflammation of the small bowel) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Extremity-lower (gait/walking) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fatigue (asthenia, lethargy, malaise) | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| Febrile neutropenia | 58 | 8 | 0 | 1 |
| Fever in absence of neutropenia, ANC lt1.0x10e9/L | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Flu-like syndrome | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Glucose, serum-high (hyperglycemia) | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Hemoglobin | 37 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, CNS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, GI - Rectum | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, GU - Vagina | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, pulmonary/upper respiratory - Lung | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, pulmonary/upper respiratory - Nose | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hypertension | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hypotension | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Hypoxia | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Blood | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Cecum | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Colon | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Dental-tooth | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Lung | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Oral cav-gums | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Sinus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Skin | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - UTI | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf (clin/microbio) w/Gr 3-4 neuts - Up aerodigest | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf w/normal ANC or Gr 1-2 neutrophils - Bladder | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Inf w/normal ANC or Gr 1-2 neutrophils - Blood | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf w/normal ANC or Gr 1-2 neutrophils - Catheter | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf w/normal ANC or Gr 1-2 neutrophils - Gallbladd | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf w/normal ANC or Gr 1-2 neutrophils - Skin | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Inf w/unknown ANC - Oral cavity-gums (gingivitis) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection with unknown ANC - Bladder (urinary) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection with unknown ANC - Lung (pneumonia) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection with unknown ANC - Rectum | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection with unknown ANC - Skin (cellulitis) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection-Other (Specify) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Left ventricular systolic dysfunction | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Leukocytes (total WBC) | 34 | 37 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphopenia | 20 | 20 | 7 | 0 |
| Metabolic/Laboratory-Other (Specify) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mood alteration - agitation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mood alteration - anxiety | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mood alteration - depression | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mucositis/stomatitis (clinical exam) - Oral cavity | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Mucositis/stomatitis (clinical exam) - Rectum | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mucositis/stomatitis (functional/symp) - Oral cav | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Muscle weakness, not d/t neuropathy - Extrem-lower | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muscle weakness, not d/t neuropathy - Extrem-upper | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muscle weakness, not d/t neuropathy - body/general | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Myositis (inflammation/damage of muscle) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nausea | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuropathy: motor | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Neuropathy: sensory | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Neutrophils/granulocytes (ANC/AGC) | 34 | 55 | 4 | 0 |
| Opportunistic inf associated w/gt=Gr 2 lymphopenia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Abdomen NOS | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Back | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Chest/thorax NOS | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Extremity-limb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Head/headache | 10 | 3 | 6 | 0 |
| Pain - Joint | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Muscle | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Neck | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Rectum | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Scrotum | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain - Throat/pharynx/larynx | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pericardial effusion (non-malignant) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pericarditis | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Petechiae/purpura (hemorrhage into skin or mucosa) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Phosphate, serum-low (hypophosphatemia) | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Photosensitivity | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Platelets | 42 | 18 | 2 | 0 |
| Pleural effusion (non-malignant) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pneumonitis/pulmonary infiltrates | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Potassium, serum-low (hypokalemia) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Prolonged QTc interval | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Pruritus/itching | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rash/desquamation | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Renal failure | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Renal/Genitourinary-Other (Specify) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Retinal detachment | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Retinoic acid syndrome | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sodium, serum-low (hyponatremia) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Syncope (fainting) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Thrombosis/thrombus/embolism | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Triglyceride, serum-high (hypertriglyceridemia) | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Typhlitis (cecal inflammation) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Uric acid, serum-high (hyperuricemia) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Vasovagal episode | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia - Ventricular tachycardia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Vomiting | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Weight gain | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DFS measured from date of post-consolidation randomization until relapse of any kind or death from any cause. Observation censored at date of last follow-up for patients last known to be alive without report of relapse. Relapse from CR/CRi is occurrence of marrow blasts ≥ 5% or presence of Auer rods or presence of neoplastic promyelocytes; (re)appearance of leukemic blasts or neoplastic promyelocytes in the peripheral blood; or (re)appearance of extramedullary disease. Relapse from PR is sum of marrow blasts and promyelocytes ≥ 20%, or sum of marrow blasts and promyelocytes 6-19% with Auer rods and/or neoplastic promyelocytes; or (re)appearance of leukemic blasts or neoplastic promyelocytes in the peripheral blood; or (re)appearance of extramedullary disease. Relapse from CRc is reappearance of t(15;17) in cytogenetic analysis. Relapse from CRm/PRm is reappearance of PML-RARα by RT-PCR as defined by a normalized quotient \> 10\^-5 based on RT-PCR performed at appropriate central lab.
| percentage of patients | Post-consolidation Therapy Arm I | Post-consolidation Therapy Arm II |
|---|---|---|
| 3-year Disease-free Survival (DFS) Rate | 96 (90 to 100) | 100 |
Collected over Up to 5 years. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATRA + Ara-C + Daunorubicin | — | 8/105 (7.6%) | 105/105 (100%) |
| Consolidation | — | 4/90 (4.4%) | 89/90 (98.9%) |
| ATRA+6-MP+MTX | — | 1/38 (2.6%) | 37/38 (97.4%) |
| Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin | — | 0/1 (0%) | 1/1 (100%) |
| Event | ATRA + Ara-C + Daunorubicin | Consolidation | ATRA+6-MP+MTX | Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SVT and nodal arrhythmia - Atrial flutterCardiac disorders | 0/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| Infection-OtherInfections and infestations | 0/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| ALT, SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase)Investigations | 0/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| AST, SGOTInvestigations | 0/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| AmylaseInvestigations | 0/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| Renal failureRenal and urinary disorders | 1/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| Dyspnea (shortness of breath)Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/105 | 0/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| HypotensionVascular disorders | 0/105 | 1/90 | 1/38 | 0/1 |
| Typhlitis (cecal inflammation)Gastrointestinal disorders | 2/105 | 0/90 | 0/38 | 0/1 |
| Left ventricular systolic dysfunctionCardiac disorders | 0/105 | 1/90 | 0/38 | 0/1 |
| Event | ATRA + Ara-C + Daunorubicin | Consolidation | ATRA+6-MP+MTX | Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Febrile neutropeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 62/105 | 8/90 | 0/38 | 1/1 |
| Pain - Abdomen NOSGastrointestinal disorders | 21/105 | 7/90 | 3/38 | 1/1 |
| Edema: limbGeneral disorders | 25/105 | 13/90 | 4/38 | 1/1 |
| Fatigue (asthenia, lethargy, malaise)General disorders | 67/105 | 70/90 | 27/38 | 1/1 |
| Pain-OtherGeneral disorders | 5/105 | 3/90 | 1/38 | 1/1 |
| Inf w/unknown ANC - Oral cavity-gums (gingivitis)Infections and infestations | 1/105 | 0/90 | 0/38 | 1/1 |
| InsomniaPsychiatric disorders | 18/105 | 17/90 | 6/38 | 1/1 |
| Pruritus/itchingSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 22/105 | 15/90 | 5/38 | 1/1 |
| DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders | 77/105 | 35/90 | 11/38 | 0/1 |
| NauseaGastrointestinal disorders | 72/105 | 66/90 | 26/38 | 0/1 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients |
|---|---|
| Median | 49 (21 to 82) |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients |
|---|---|
| Female | 44 |
| Male | 61 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients |
|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 |
| Asian | 7 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 |
| Black or African American | 8 |
| White | 87 |
| More than one race | 0 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 2 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Low and Intermediate Risk APL Patients |
|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 6 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 87 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 12 |
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