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CompletedNCT00360815Updated Mar 2, 2010

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)

An interventional study of Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Completed at 38 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 13 Years to 39 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2010-03-02.

Sponsored by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1,441
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
13 Years to 39 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background. Long-term microvascular and neurologic complications cause major morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined whether intensive treatment with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range could decrease the frequency and severity of these complications.

Methods. A total of 1441 patients with IDDM -- 726 with no retinopathy at base line (the primary-prevention cohort) and 715 with mild retinopathy (the secondary-intervention cohort) were randomly assigned to intensive therapy administered either with an external insulin pump or by three or more daily insulin injections and guided by frequent blood glucose monitoring or to conventional therapy with one or two daily insulin injections. The patients were followed for a mean of 6.5 years, and the appearance and progression of retinopathy and other complications were assessed regularly.

02

Conditions studied

  • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

3,614 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; 586 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 1,441 is above the median of 40 across 2,718 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 studies →

Lead sponsor

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is the lead sponsor of 537 studies on the registry; 54 are open to participants now.

Of its 80 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 51 (64%) have results posted.

Browse National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) studies →

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
13 Years to 39 Years
Sexes eligible
All

Eligibility criteria

Eligibility Criteria:

  • The major criteria for eligibility included insulin dependence, as evidenced by deficient C-peptide secretion; an age of 13 to 39 years; and the absence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and severe diabetic complications or medical conditions. To be eligible for the primary-prevention cohort, patients were required to have had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for one to five years, to have no retinopathy as detected by seven-field stereoscopic fundus photography, and to have urinary albumin excretion of less than 40 mg per 24 hours. To be eligible for the secondary-intervention cohort, the patients were required to have IDDM for 1 to 15 years, to have very-mild to moderate nonproliferative retinopathy, and to have urinary albumin excretion of less than 200 mg per 24 hours.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
1,441 participants

Interventions

  • BehavioralInsulin
06

Study locations

38 sites
  • University of California
    La Jolla, California 92093-0620, United States
  • Yale University School of Medicine
    New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
  • University of South Florida College of Medicine
    Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
  • Northwestern University
    Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
  • DCCT Central Autonomic Coding Unit
    Springfield, Illinois 62702, United States
  • University of Iowa
    Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
  • University of Maryland
    Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
  • George Washington University, Biostatistics Center
    Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
    Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
  • Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc.
    Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
  • University of Michigan, Sattelite-Henry Ford Hospital
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0832, United States
  • Henry Ford Hospital
    Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
  • International Diabetes Center
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416, United States
  • DCCT Central Nutrition Coding Unit
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454-1015, United States
  • DCCT Central ECG Reading Unit
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-1015, United States
  • DCCT Central Biochemistry Laboratory
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-9980, United States
  • University of Minnesota
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
  • Mayo Foundation
    Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
  • Backup DCCT Central HbA1c Lab
    Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
  • University of Missouri
    Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
  • Washington University at St. Louis
    St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
  • University of New Mexico School of Medicine
    Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
  • Cornell University Medical College, The New York Hospital
    New York, New York 10021, United States
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine
    The Bronx, New York 10461, United States
  • Case Western Reserve University, Lakeside Hospital
    Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
  • University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
  • University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3417, United States
  • DCCT Central Neurobehavioral Coding Unit
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
  • Medical University of South Carolina
    Charleston, South Carolina 29403-5851, United States
  • University of Tennessee
    Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
  • Vanderbilt University, Diabetes Research and Training Center
    Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
  • Vanderbilt University
    Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2230, United States
  • University of Texas
    Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
  • University of Washington
    Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
  • DCCT Central Ophthalmologic Reading Unit, Fundus Photo Reading Center
    Madison, Wisconsin 53705-0240, United States
  • University of Washington (British Columbia Satellite)
    Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3N9, Canada
  • University of Western Ontario
    London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
  • University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital
    Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Limonte CP, Gao X, Roshandel D, Bebu I, Karger AB, Lorenzi GM, de Boer IH, Perkins BA, Paterson AD; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Genetic Risk Factors for Kidney Function in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2026 Jun 29. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000001111. Online ahead of print. PubMed 42371715 ↗
  • Rubin M, Kazakia G, Braffett BH, Gregory NS, Lin MH, Trapani V, de Boer IH, Agarwal S, Burghardt A, Guo XE, Gubitosi-Klug R, Schwartz AV; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Bone microarchitecture assessed by High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. JBMR Plus. 2025 Oct 22;9(12):ziaf167. doi: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziaf167. eCollection 2025 Dec. PubMed 41235023 ↗
  • Braffett BH, El Ghormli L, Martin C, White NH, Hirsch IB, Bantle A, Carlson A, Leschek E, Gubitosi-Klug R, Soliman EZ, Vella A, Perkins BA, Bebu I, Pop-Busui R; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy defined by indices of heart rate variability is associated with cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study of participants with type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025 Aug 13;24(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02856-9. PubMed 40804720 ↗
  • Aiello LP, Blodi B, Gao X, Sun JK, Gubitosi-Klug RA, White NH, Hainsworth D, Lorenzi GM, Bebu I; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Ultra-Widefield and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 7-Field Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2024 Sep 1;142(9):856-863. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.2890. PubMed 39145984 ↗
  • Helmink MAG, Hageman SHJ, Visseren FLJ, de Ranitz-Greven WL, de Valk HW, van Sloten TT, Westerink J. Variability in benefit from intensive insulin therapy on cardiovascular events in individuals with type 1 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabet Med. 2023 Nov;40(11):e15183. doi: 10.1111/dme.15183. Epub 2023 Jul 24. PubMed 37470718 ↗
  • Khatri M, Ryan CM, Gao X, de Boer IH, Braffett BH, Molitch M, Karger AB, Lorenzi GM, Lee P, Trapani VR, Lachin JM, Jacobson AM. CKD Associates with Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes. Kidney360. 2023 Aug 1;4(8):1058-1071. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000178. Epub 2023 Jun 9. PubMed 37291722 ↗
  • Lachin JM, Bebu I, Gao X, Nathan DM, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group. Association of Estimated Time-in-Range Capillary Glucose Levels Versus HbA1c With Progression of Microvascular Complications in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care. 2022 Oct 1;45(10):2445-2448. doi: 10.2337/dc21-2298. PubMed 35972222 ↗
  • Martin CL, Trapani VR, Backlund JC, Lee P, Braffett BH, Bebu I, Lachin JM, Jacobson AM, Gubitosi-Klug R, Herman WH; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Physical Function in Middle-aged and Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Long-term Follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Sep 1;45(9):2037-2045. doi: 10.2337/dc21-2119. PubMed 35880807 ↗
  • Jacobson AM, Braffett BH, Erus G, Ryan CM, Biessels GJ, Luchsinger JA, Bebu I, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Desiderio L, Lorenzi GM, Trapani VR, Lachin JM, Bryan RN, Habes M, Nasrallah IM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Brain Structure Among Middle-aged and Older Adults With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Aug 1;45(8):1779-1787. doi: 10.2337/dc21-2438. PubMed 35699949 ↗
  • Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, Bebu I, Johnson ML, Farrell K, Kenny D, Trapani VR, Meadema-Mayer L, Soliman EZ, Pop-Busui R, Lachin JM, Bergenstal RM, Tamborlane WV. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes With 35 Years Duration From the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Mar 1;45(3):659-665. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0629. PubMed 35076697 ↗
  • Carlson NE, Horton KW, Hokanson JE, Cleary PA, Jacobs DR Jr, Brunzell JD, Purnell JQ; DCCT/EDIC research group. Weight gain trajectories and obesity rates in intensive and conventional treatments of type 1 diabetes from the DCCT compared with a control population without diabetes. Diabet Med. 2022 May;39(5):e14794. doi: 10.1111/dme.14794. Epub 2022 Jan 26. PubMed 35040196 ↗
  • Perkins BA, Bebu I, Gao X, Karger AB, Hirsch IB, Karanchi H, Molitch ME, Zinman B, Lachin JM, de Boer IH. Early Trajectory of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Long-term Advanced Kidney and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022 Mar 1;45(3):585-593. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1883. PubMed 35015817 ↗
  • Boyko EJ, Zelnick LR, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Cowie CC, Lorenzi GM, Gubitosi-Klug R, Zinman B, de Boer IH. Risk of Foot Ulcer and Lower-Extremity Amputation Among Participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Feb 1;45(2):357-364. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1816. PubMed 35007329 ↗
  • Steigmann L, Miller R, Trapani VR, Giannobile WV, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Lorenzi G, Herman WH, Sarma AV; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Type 1 diabetes and oral health: Findings from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. J Diabetes Complications. 2022 Apr;36(4):108120. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108120. Epub 2022 Jan 3. PubMed 35000860 ↗
  • Polak JF, Backlund JC, Budoff M, Raskin P, Bebu I, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Coronary Artery Disease Events and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Dec 21;10(24):e022922. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022922. Epub 2021 Dec 7. PubMed 34873921 ↗
  • Pop-Busui R, Braffett BH, Wessells H, Herman WH, Martin CL, Jacobson AM, Sarma AV. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Urological Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(1):119-126. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1276. PubMed 34728530 ↗
  • Jenkins AJ, Braffett BH, Basu A, Bebu I, Dagogo-Jack S, Orchard TJ, Wallia A, Lopes-Virella MF, Garvey WT, Lachin JM, Lyons TJ; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Serum urate and cardiovascular events in the DCCT/EDIC study. Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 9;11(1):14182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90785-4. PubMed 34244538 ↗
  • Jacobson AM, Ryan CM, Braffett BH, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Lorenzi GM, Luchsinger JA, Trapani VR, Bebu I, Chaytor N, Hitt SM, Farrell K, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cognitive performance declines in older adults with type 1 diabetes: results from 32 years of follow-up in the DCCT and EDIC Study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Jul;9(7):436-445. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00086-3. Epub 2021 May 27. PubMed 34051936 ↗
  • Gubitosi-Klug R, Gao X, Pop-Busui R, de Boer IH, White N, Aiello LP, Miller R, Palmer J, Tamborlane W, Wallia A, Kosiborod M, Lachin JM, Bebu I; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Associations of Microvascular Complications With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1499-1505. doi: 10.2337/dc20-3104. Epub 2021 May 12. PubMed 33980605 ↗
  • Bebu I, Keshavarzi S, Gao X, Braffett BH, Canty AJ, Herman WH, Orchard TJ, Dagogo-Jack S, Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Paterson AD; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Genetic Risk Factors for CVD in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jun;44(6):1309-1316. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2388. Epub 2021 Apr 21. PubMed 33883194 ↗
  • Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, Hitt S, Arends V, Uschner D, Jones K, Diminick L, Karger AB, Paterson AD, Roshandel D, Marcovina S, Lachin JM, Steffes M, Palmer JP; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Residual beta cell function in long-term type 1 diabetes associates with reduced incidence of hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest. 2021 Feb 1;131(3):e143011. doi: 10.1172/JCI143011. PubMed 33529168 ↗
  • Hainsworth DP, Gao X, Bebu I, Das A, Olmos de Koo L, Barkmeier AJ, Tamborlane W, Lachin JM, Aiello LP; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Refractive Error and Retinopathy Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Ophthalmology. 2021 Apr;128(4):554-560. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.09.014. Epub 2020 Sep 14. PubMed 32941962 ↗
  • Bebu I, Braffett BH, Schade D, Sivitz W, Malone JI, Pop-Busui R, Lorenzi GM, Lee P, Trapani VR, Wallia A, Herman WH, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. An Observational Study of the Equivalence of Age and Duration of Diabetes to Glycemic Control Relative to the Risk of Complications in the Combined Cohorts of the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2020 Oct;43(10):2478-2484. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0226. Epub 2020 Aug 11. PubMed 32788280 ↗
  • Chen Z, Miao F, Braffett BH, Lachin JM, Zhang L, Wu X, Roshandel D, Carless M, Li XA, Tompkins JD, Kaddis JS, Riggs AD, Paterson AD; DCCT/EDIC Study Group; Natarajan R. DNA methylation mediates development of HbA1c-associated complications in type 1 diabetes. Nat Metab. 2020 Aug;2(8):744-762. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-0231-8. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PubMed 32694834 ↗
  • Braffett BH, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Albers JW, Feldman EL, Martin CL, White NH, Orchard TJ, Lopes-Virella M, Lachin JM, Pop-Busui R; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study. Diabetes. 2020 May;69(5):1000-1010. doi: 10.2337/db19-1046. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PubMed 32051148 ↗
  • Bebu I, Schade D, Braffett B, Kosiborod M, Lopes-Virella M, Soliman EZ, Herman WH, Bluemke DA, Wallia A, Orchard T, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk Factors for First and Subsequent CVD Events in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2020 Apr;43(4):867-874. doi: 10.2337/dc19-2292. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PubMed 32001614 ↗
  • Braffett BH, Dagogo-Jack S, Bebu I, Sivitz WI, Larkin M, Kolterman O, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Response to Comment on Braffett et al. Association of Insulin Dose, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes During 30 Years of Follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care 2019;42:657-664. Diabetes Care. 2019 Aug;42(8):e137. doi: 10.2337/dci19-0026. No abstract available. PubMed 31332032 ↗
  • Sarma AV, Hotaling JM, de Boer IH, Dunn RL, Oerline MK, Singh K, Goldberg J, Jacobson A, Braffett B, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Wessells H; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and risk of erectile dysfunction in men with type I diabetes. J Hypertens. 2019 May;37(5):1070-1076. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001988. PubMed 30882596 ↗
  • Perkins BA, Bebu I, de Boer IH, Molitch M, Tamborlane W, Lorenzi G, Herman W, White NH, Pop-Busui R, Paterson AD, Orchard T, Cowie C, Lachin JM; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group. Risk Factors for Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):883-890. doi: 10.2337/dc18-2062. Epub 2019 Mar 4. PubMed 30833370 ↗
  • Hainsworth DP, Bebu I, Aiello LP, Sivitz W, Gubitosi-Klug R, Malone J, White NH, Danis R, Wallia A, Gao X, Barkmeier AJ, Das A, Patel S, Gardner TW, Lachin JM; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group. Risk Factors for Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2019 May;42(5):875-882. doi: 10.2337/dc18-2308. Epub 2019 Mar 4. PubMed 30833368 ↗
  • Kim C, Pan Y, Braffett BH, Arends VL, Steffes MW, Wessells H, Sarma AV; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Anti-Mullerian hormone and its relationships with subclinical cardiovascular disease and renal disease in a longitudinal cohort study of women with type 1 diabetes. Womens Midlife Health. 2017 Aug 18;3:5. doi: 10.1186/s40695-017-0023-9. eCollection 2017. PubMed 30766706 ↗
  • Braffett BH, Dagogo-Jack S, Bebu I, Sivitz WI, Larkin M, Kolterman O, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Association of Insulin Dose, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes During 30 Years of Follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2019 Apr;42(4):657-664. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1574. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PubMed 30728218 ↗
  • Wessells H, Braffett BH, Holt SK, Jacobson AM, Kusek JW, Cowie C, Dunn RL, Sarma AV; DCCT/EDIC Study Group. Burden of Urological Complications in Men and Women With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Cohort. Diabetes Care. 2018 Oct;41(10):2170-2177. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0255. Epub 2018 Aug 13. PubMed 30104298 ↗
  • Herman WH, Braffett BH, Kuo S, Lee JM, Brandle M, Jacobson AM, Prosser LA, Lachin JM. What are the clinical, quality-of-life, and cost consequences of 30 years of excellent vs. poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetes? J Diabetes Complications. 2018 Oct;32(10):911-915. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.05.007. Epub 2018 Jun 12. PubMed 30082172 ↗
  • Herman WH, Braffett BH, Kuo S, Lee JM, Brandle M, Jacobson AM, Prosser LA, Lachin JM. The 30-year cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies to achieve excellent glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: An economic simulation informed by the results of the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (DCCT/EDIC). J Diabetes Complications. 2018 Oct;32(10):934-939. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 12. PubMed 30064713 ↗
  • Basu A, Jenkins AJ, Stoner JA, Zhang Y, Klein RL, Lopes-Virella MF, Garvey WT, Schade DS, Wood J, Alaupovic P, Lyons TJ; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses, serum apolipoproteins, and carotid intima-media thickness in T1D. J Lipid Res. 2018 May;59(5):872-883. doi: 10.1194/jlr.P080143. Epub 2018 Mar 25. PubMed 29576550 ↗
  • de Boer IH, Gao X, Bebu I, Hoofnagle AN, Lachin JM, Paterson A, Perkins BA, Saenger AK, Steffes MW, Zinman B, Molitch ME. Biomarkers of tubulointerstitial damage and function in type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Nov 14;5(1):e000461. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000461. eCollection 2017. PubMed 29177052 ↗
  • Purnell JQ, Braffett BH, Zinman B, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Sivitz W, Bantle JP, Ziegler G, Cleary PA, Brunzell JD; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Impact of Excessive Weight Gain on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: Results From the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Dec;40(12):1756-1762. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2523. PubMed 29138273 ↗
  • Bebu I, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Orchard TJ, Nathan DM, Lachin JM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The relationship of blood glucose with cardiovascular disease is mediated over time by traditional risk factors in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetologia. 2017 Oct;60(10):2084-2091. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4374-4. Epub 2017 Jul 16. PubMed 28711972 ↗
  • Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, White NH, Sherwin RS, Service FJ, Lachin JM, Tamborlane WV; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group. Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Over 30 Years of Follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Aug;40(8):1010-1016. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2723. Epub 2017 May 26. PubMed 28550194 ↗
  • DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Nathan DM, Bebu I, Hainsworth D, Klein R, Tamborlane W, Lorenzi G, Gubitosi-Klug R, Lachin JM. Frequency of Evidence-Based Screening for Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 20;376(16):1507-1516. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612836. PubMed 28423305 ↗
  • Lachin JM, Bebu I, Bergenstal RM, Pop-Busui R, Service FJ, Zinman B, Nathan DM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Association of Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes With Progression of Microvascular Outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jun;40(6):777-783. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2426. Epub 2017 Apr 12. PubMed 28404658 ↗
  • Armstrong AC, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Turkbey E, Donekal S, Chamera E, Backlund JY, Cleary P, Lachin J, Bluemke DA, Lima JA; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Myocardial Fibrosis With Early Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Mar;40(3):405-411. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1889. Epub 2016 Dec 16. PubMed 27986796 ↗
  • de Boer IH, Gao X, Cleary PA, Bebu I, Lachin JM, Molitch ME, Orchard T, Paterson AD, Perkins BA, Steffes MW, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group. Albuminuria Changes and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Nov 7;11(11):1969-1977. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02870316. Epub 2016 Oct 24. PubMed 27797889 ↗
  • Writing Group for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Coprogression of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes During 30 Years of Follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care. 2016 Sep;39(9):1621-30. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0502. Epub 2016 Jul 19. PubMed 27436274 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group. Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC Versus the General Population. Diabetes Care. 2016 Aug;39(8):1378-83. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2399. Epub 2016 Jul 13. PubMed 27411699 ↗
  • Hotaling JM, Sarma AV, Patel DP, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Feldman E, Herman WH, Martin CL, Jacobson AM, Wessells H, Pop-Busui R; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy, Sexual Dysfunction, and Urinary Incontinence in Women With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016 Sep;39(9):1587-93. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0059. Epub 2016 Jun 28. PubMed 27352953 ↗
  • Roshandel D, Klein R, Klein BE, Wolffenbuttel BH, van der Klauw MM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Atzmon G, Ben-Avraham D, Crandall JP, Barzilai N, Bull SB, Canty AJ, Hosseini SM, Hiraki LT, Maynard J, Sell DR, Monnier VM, Cleary PA, Braffett BH; DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Paterson AD. New Locus for Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes Also Associated With Blood and Skin Glycated Proteins. Diabetes. 2016 Jul;65(7):2060-71. doi: 10.2337/db15-1484. Epub 2016 Apr 12. PubMed 27207532 ↗
  • Lenherr SM, Clemens JQ, Braffett BH, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, Kim C, Herman WH, Hotaling JM, Jacobson AM, Brown JS, Wessells H, Sarma AV; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Glycaemic control and risk of incident urinary incontinence in women with Type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabet Med. 2016 Nov;33(11):1528-1535. doi: 10.1111/dme.13126. Epub 2016 Apr 24. PubMed 27028025 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2016 May;65(5):1370-9. doi: 10.2337/db15-1517. Epub 2016 Feb 19. PubMed 26895792 ↗
  • Sell DR, Sun W, Gao X, Strauch C, Lachin JM, Cleary PA, Genuth S; DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Monnier VM. Skin collagen fluorophore LW-1 versus skin fluorescence as markers for the long-term progression of subclinical macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Feb 11;15:30. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0343-3. PubMed 26864236 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study 30-Year Follow-up. Diabetes Care. 2016 May;39(5):686-93. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1990. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PubMed 26861924 ↗
  • Porta M, Toppila I, Sandholm N, Hosseini SM, Forsblom C, Hietala K, Borio L, Harjutsalo V, Klein BE, Klein R, Paterson AD; DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Groop PH; FinnDiane Study Group. Variation in SLC19A3 and Protection From Microvascular Damage in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2016 Apr;65(4):1022-30. doi: 10.2337/db15-1247. Epub 2015 Dec 30. PubMed 26718501 ↗
  • Kim C, Bebu I, Braffett B, Cleary PA, Arends V, Steffes M, Wessells H, Orchard T, Sarma AV; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Testosterone and cardiac mass and function in men with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (EDIC). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016 May;84(5):693-9. doi: 10.1111/cen.12990. Epub 2016 Jan 25. PubMed 26641212 ↗
  • Writing Team for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Gubitosi-Klug RA, Sun W, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Aiello LP, Das A, Tamborlane W, Klein R. Effects of Prior Intensive Insulin Therapy and Risk Factors on Patient-Reported Visual Function Outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Cohort. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Feb;134(2):137-45. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.4606. PubMed 26584339 ↗
  • Kim C, Pop-Busui R, Braffett B, Cleary PA, Bebu I, Wessells H, Orchard T, Sarma AV; DCCT/E.D.I.C. Research Group. Testosterone Concentrations and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Men with Type 1 Diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (EDIC). J Sex Med. 2015 Nov;12(11):2153-9. doi: 10.1111/jsm.13029. Epub 2015 Nov 12. PubMed 26559501 ↗
  • Monnier VM, Sun W, Gao X, Sell DR, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Genuth S; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Skin collagen advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and the long-term progression of sub-clinical cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015 Sep 5;14:118. doi: 10.1186/s12933-015-0266-4. PubMed 26341632 ↗
  • Eny KM, Orchard TJ, Miller RG, Maynard J, Grant DM, Costacou T, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Paterson AD; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Caffeine Consumption Contributes to Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015 Oct;17(10):726-34. doi: 10.1089/dia.2015.0017. Epub 2015 Jul 20. PubMed 26192006 ↗
  • Lipska KJ, Montori VM. ACP Journal Club. In type 1 diabetes, intensive insulin therapy for 6.5 y reduced mortality at 27 y compared with usual care. Ann Intern Med. 2015 May 19;162(10):JC12. doi: 10.7326/ACPJC-2015-162-10-012. No abstract available. PubMed 25984873 ↗
  • Bharucha AE, Batey-Schaefer B, Cleary PA, Murray JA, Cowie C, Lorenzi G, Driscoll M, Harth J, Larkin M, Christofi M, Bayless M, Wimmergren N, Herman W, Whitehouse F, Jones K, Kruger D, Martin C, Ziegler G, Zinsmeister AR, Nathan DM; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial-Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Delayed Gastric Emptying Is Associated With Early and Long-term Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Gastroenterology. 2015 Aug;149(2):330-9. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 May 14. PubMed 25980755 ↗
  • DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Aiello LP, Sun W, Das A, Gangaputra S, Kiss S, Klein R, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Nathan DM. Intensive diabetes therapy and ocular surgery in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 30;372(18):1722-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409463. PubMed 25923552 ↗
  • Pop-Busui R, Hotaling J, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Dunn RL, Martin CL, Jacobson AM, Wessells H, Sarma AV; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in men with type 1 diabetes: findings from the DCCT/EDIC. J Urol. 2015 Jun;193(6):2045-51. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.12.097. Epub 2015 Jan 10. PubMed 25584994 ↗
  • Writing Group for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Orchard TJ, Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary P, Brillon D, Backlund JY, Lachin JM. Association between 7 years of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes and long-term mortality. JAMA. 2015 Jan 6;313(1):45-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.16107. PubMed 25562265 ↗
  • Sarma AV, Hotaling J, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Kim C, Martin C, Herman W, Gatcomb P, Jacobson AM, Holt SK, Wessells H; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Poor glycemic control is associated with reduced prostate specific antigen concentrations in men with type 1 diabetes. J Urol. 2015 Mar;193(3):786-93. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.115. Epub 2014 Sep 11. PubMed 25218922 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group; Lachin JM, White NH, Hainsworth DP, Sun W, Cleary PA, Nathan DM. Effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: 18 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC. Diabetes. 2015 Feb;64(2):631-42. doi: 10.2337/db14-0930. Epub 2014 Sep 9. PubMed 25204977 ↗
  • DCCT/EDIC research group. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on albuminuria in type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Oct;2(10):793-800. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70155-X. Epub 2014 Jul 17. PubMed 25043685 ↗
  • Eny KM, Lutgers HL, Maynard J, Klein BE, Lee KE, Atzmon G, Monnier VM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Graaff R, van der Harst P, Snieder H, van der Klauw MM, Sell DR, Hosseini SM, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Orchard TJ, Lyons TJ, Howard K, Klein R, Crandall JP, Barzilai N, Milman S, Ben-Avraham D; LifeLines Cohort Study Group; DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Wolffenbuttel BH, Paterson AD. GWAS identifies an NAT2 acetylator status tag single nucleotide polymorphism to be a major locus for skin fluorescence. Diabetologia. 2014 Aug;57(8):1623-34. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3286-9. Epub 2014 Jun 17. PubMed 24934506 ↗
  • McGee P, Steffes M, Nowicki M, Bayless M, Gubitosi-Klug R, Cleary P, Lachin J, Palmer J; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Insulin secretion measured by stimulated C-peptide in long-established Type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort: a pilot study. Diabet Med. 2014 Oct;31(10):1264-8. doi: 10.1111/dme.12504. Epub 2014 Jun 9. PubMed 24836354 ↗
  • Larkin ME, Barnie A, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Diminick L, Harth J, Gatcomb P, Golden E, Lipps J, Lorenzi G, Mahony C, Nathan DM; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Musculoskeletal complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jul;37(7):1863-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2361. Epub 2014 Apr 10. PubMed 24722493 ↗
  • Buschur E, Sarma AV, Pietropaolo M, Dunn RL, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Cowie C, Larkin ME, Wessells H, Nathan DM, Kim C; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Self-reported autoimmune disease by sex in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabetes Care. 2014 Feb;37(2):e28-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1890. No abstract available. PubMed 24459159 ↗
  • de Boer IH, Sun W, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Molitch ME, Zinman B, Steffes MW; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Research Group. Longitudinal changes in estimated and measured GFR in type 1 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Apr;25(4):810-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013050557. Epub 2013 Dec 5. PubMed 24309189 ↗
  • Nathan DM, Bayless M, Cleary P, Genuth S, Gubitosi-Klug R, Lachin JM, Lorenzi G, Zinman B; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study at 30 years: advances and contributions. Diabetes. 2013 Dec;62(12):3976-86. doi: 10.2337/db13-1093. No abstract available. PubMed 24264395 ↗
  • Kim C, Cleary PA, Cowie CC, Braffett BH, Dunn RL, Larkin ME, Gatcomb PM, Wessells HB, Nathan DM, Sarma AV; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of glycemic treatment and microvascular complications on menopause in women with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):701-8. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1746. Epub 2013 Oct 29. PubMed 24170751 ↗
  • Orchard TJ, Sun W, Cleary PA, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, McGee P, Paterson AD, Raskin P, Anbinder Y, Levy AP; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Haptoglobin genotype and the rate of renal function decline in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes. 2013 Sep;62(9):3218-23. doi: 10.2337/db13-0256. Epub 2013 Jun 12. PubMed 23761102 ↗
  • Genuth SM, Backlund JY, Bayless M, Bluemke DA, Cleary PA, Crandall J, Lachin JM, Lima JA, Miao C, Turkbey EB; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effects of prior intensive versus conventional therapy and history of glycemia on cardiac function in type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC. Diabetes. 2013 Oct;62(10):3561-9. doi: 10.2337/db12-0546. Epub 2013 Mar 21. PubMed 23520132 ↗
  • Turkbey EB, Redheuil A, Backlund JY, Small AC, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Lima JA, Bluemke DA; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Aortic distensibility in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug;36(8):2380-7. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0393. Epub 2013 Mar 8. PubMed 23474588 ↗
  • Pop-Busui R, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Martin CL, Herman WH, Low PA, Lima JAC, Bluemke DA; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and left ventricular dysfunction: DCCT/EDIC study (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jan 29;61(4):447-454. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.028. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PubMed 23265339 ↗
  • Purnell JQ, Zinman B, Brunzell JD; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The effect of excess weight gain with intensive diabetes mellitus treatment on cardiovascular disease risk factors and atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC) study. Circulation. 2013 Jan 15;127(2):180-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.077487. Epub 2012 Dec 4. PubMed 23212717 ↗
  • Kramer JR, Bayless ML, Lorenzi GM, Ziegler GK, Larkin ME, Lackaye ME, Harth J, Diminick LJ, Anderson KL, Braffett BH, Cleary PA; DCCT/EDIC Study Group. Participant characteristics and study features associated with high retention rates in a longitudinal investigation of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Trials. 2012 Dec;9(6):798-805. doi: 10.1177/1740774512458986. Epub 2012 Oct 1. PubMed 23027646 ↗
  • de Boer IH, Sachs MC, Cleary PA, Hoofnagle AN, Lachin JM, Molitch ME, Steffes MW, Sun W, Zinman B, Brunzell JD; Diabetes Control and Complication Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Research Group. Circulating vitamin D metabolites and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;97(12):4780-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2852. Epub 2012 Sep 18. PubMed 22990096 ↗
  • Larkin ME, Lorenzi GM, Bayless M, Cleary PA, Barnie A, Golden E, Hitt S, Genuth S. Evolution of the study coordinator role: the 28-year experience in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC). Clin Trials. 2012 Aug;9(4):418-25. doi: 10.1177/1740774512449532. Epub 2012 Jun 22. PubMed 22729476 ↗
  • DCCT/EDIC Research Group; de Boer IH, Sun W, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Molitch ME, Steffes MW, Zinman B. Intensive diabetes therapy and glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 22;365(25):2366-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1111732. Epub 2011 Nov 12. PubMed 22077236 ↗
  • Turkbey EB, Backlund JY, Genuth S, Jain A, Miao C, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Nathan DM, van der Geest RJ, Soliman EZ, Liu CY, Lima JA, Bluemke DA; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Myocardial structure, function, and scar in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2011 Oct 18;124(16):1737-46. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.022327. Epub 2011 Sep 26. PubMed 21947298 ↗
  • Gai N, Turkbey EB, Nazarian S, van der Geest RJ, Liu CY, Lima JA, Bluemke DA. T1 mapping of the gadolinium-enhanced myocardium: adjustment for factors affecting interpatient comparison. Magn Reson Med. 2011 May;65(5):1407-15. doi: 10.1002/mrm.22716. Epub 2010 Dec 16. PubMed 21500267 ↗
  • Polak JF, Backlund JY, Cleary PA, Harrington AP, O'Leary DH, Lachin JM, Nathan DM; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness during 12 years in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabetes. 2011 Feb;60(2):607-13. doi: 10.2337/db10-0296. PubMed 21270271 ↗
  • Nathan DM, Steffes MW, Sun W, Rynders GP, Lachin JM. Determining stability of stored samples retrospectively: the validation of glycated albumin. Clin Chem. 2011 Feb;57(2):286-90. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.150250. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PubMed 21030684 ↗
  • Larkin ME, Backlund JY, Cleary P, Bayless M, Schaefer B, Canady J, Nathan DM; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group. Disparity in management of diabetes and coronary heart disease risk factors by sex in DCCT/EDIC. Diabet Med. 2010 Apr;27(4):451-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02972.x. PubMed 20536518 ↗
  • Younes N, Cleary PA, Steffes MW, de Boer IH, Molitch ME, Rutledge BN, Lachin JM, Dahms W; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Comparison of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and albumin excretion rate in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jul;5(7):1235-42. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07901109. Epub 2010 May 6. PubMed 20448066 ↗
  • Molitch ME, Steffes M, Sun W, Rutledge B, Cleary P, de Boer IH, Zinman B, Lachin J; Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Group. Development and progression of renal insufficiency with and without albuminuria in adults with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial and the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jul;33(7):1536-43. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1098. Epub 2010 Apr 22. PubMed 20413518 ↗
  • White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, Tamborlane WV, Danis RP, Hainsworth DP, Davis MD; DCCT-EDIC Research Group. Effect of prior intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes on 10-year progression of retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: comparison of adults and adolescents. Diabetes. 2010 May;59(5):1244-53. doi: 10.2337/db09-1216. Epub 2010 Feb 11. PubMed 20150283 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group; Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth S, Miller R, Orchard TJ. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983-2005). Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jul 27;169(14):1307-16. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.193. PubMed 19636033 ↗
  • White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, Danis RP, Davis MD, Hainsworth DP, Hubbard LD, Lachin JM, Nathan DM. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;126(12):1707-15. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.12.1707. PubMed 19064853 ↗
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 2, 2010, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00360815
Lead sponsor
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
First posted
Aug 7, 2006
Start date
Aug 1983
Completion
Apr 1993
Last update
Mar 2, 2010

Study contacts

Oscar B. Crofford, M.D.
study chair · Vanderbilt University
Carolyn Siebert, M.P.H.
study director · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Patricia A. Cleary, M.S.
principal investigator · George Washington University
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