A Phase 4 interventional study of Furosemide and Acetazolamide in Heart Failure and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF), sponsored by Universidade do Porto. Active, not recruiting at 1 site in Portugal. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-09.
Sponsored by Universidade do Porto · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment
The GLIDE-DHF study compares the natriuretic effect of adding acetazolamide or a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) to intravenous loop diuretics, versus intravenous loop diuretics alone, in patients admitted to the emergency department with acute decompensated heart failure. Natriuresis is assessed by spot urinary sodium concentration measured 6 hours after the first study treatment. The study also evaluates changes in urinary and serum electrolytes, kidney function, blood pressure, clinical congestion and safety during the first 3 days of treatment.
6,331 studies on the registry are indexed under Heart Failure; 1,396 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 68 is below the median of 76 across 4,049 interventional studies indexed under Heart Failure.
Browse Heart Failure studies →Universidade do Porto is the lead sponsor of 174 studies on the registry; 53 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Intravenous furosemide. Initial dose: twice the oral outpatient dose (maximum 160 mg IV), or 40 mg IV in patients not on chronic loop diuretics. Subsequent dose adjustments at the attending physician's discretion.
Drug: Furosemide
Intravenous furosemide (as in the LD arm) plus oral dapagliflozin 10 mg or empagliflozin 10 mg once daily, started on day 1. SGLT2i may be continued after day 3.
Drug: Furosemide · Drug: Dapagliflozin · Drug: Empagliflozin
Intravenous furosemide (as in the LD arm) plus intravenous acetazolamide 500 mg once daily for a maximum of 3 days (maximum 3 administrations).
Drug: Furosemide · Drug: Acetazolamide
Intravenous furosemide; initial dose twice the oral outpatient dose (max 160 mg) or 40 mg if loop diuretic-naïve; subsequent adjustments per attending physician.
Intravenous acetazolamide 500 mg once daily for up to 3 days.
Oral dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily.
Oral empagliflozin 10 mg once daily.
Change in spot urinary sodium concentration at 6 hours
Change in spot urinary sodium concentration (mmol/L) from baseline to 6 hours after the first study treatment administration. The main comparison is LD+A versus LD alone; the comparison of LD+SGLT2i versus LD alone is secondary.
Time frame: Baseline and 6 hours after the first study treatment administration (day 1)
Change in spot urinary sodium concentration at day 3
Change in spot urinary sodium (mmol/L) from baseline to 6 hours after the third study treatment administration.
Time frame: Baseline and 6 hours after the third study treatment administration (day 3)
Proportion of patients with spot urinary sodium >70 mmol/L
Percentage of patients achieving spot urinary sodium \>70 mmol/L 6 hours after the first study treatment administration.
Time frame: 6 hours after first administration (day 1)
Change in spot urinary potassium
Change in spot urinary potassium (mmol/L) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 6 hours after first administration (day 1) and 6 hours after third administration (day 3)
Change in spot urinary magnesium
Change in spot urinary magnesium from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 6 hours after first administration (day 1) and 6 hours after third administration (day 3)
Change in spot urinary phosphate
Change in spot urinary phosphate from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, 6 hours after first administration (day 1) and 6 hours after third administration (day 3)
Change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Change in eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in hemoglobin
Change in hemoglobin (g/dL) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in hematocrit
Change in hematocrit (%) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in serum urea
Change in serum urea (mg/dL) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in serum sodium
Change in serum sodium (mmol/L) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in serum potassium
Change in serum potassium (mmol/L) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in serum chloride
Change in serum chloride (mmol/L) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in systolic blood pressure
Change in systolic blood pressure (mmHg) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, day 2 and day 3
Change in diastolic blood pressure
Change in diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, day 2 and day 3
Change in clinical congestion score
Change in the clinical congestion score from baseline. The clinical congestion score is a composite score based on three items (orthopnea, peripheral edema and jugular venous pressure elevation), each graded from 0 to 3, with a total score ranging from 0 (no congestion) to 9 (maximum congestion). Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (more congestion).
Time frame: Baseline, day 2 and day 3
Proportion of patients with clinical decongestion
Percentage of patients achieving clinical decongestion, defined as a clinical congestion score ≤2 points. The clinical congestion score is a composite score based on orthopnea, peripheral edema and jugular venous pressure elevation, each graded from 0 to 3 (total score 0-9; higher scores indicate more congestion).
Time frame: Day 3
Cumulative intravenous loop diuretic dose
Cumulative intravenous furosemide dose (mg) administered up to day 3.
Time frame: Up to day 3
Incidence of hypokalemia
Percentage of patients with serum potassium \<3.5 mmol/L.
Time frame: Baseline to day 3
Incidence of severe hypokalemia
Percentage of patients with serum potassium \<3.0 mmol/L.
Time frame: Baseline to day 3
Incidence of hyponatremia
Percentage of patients with serum sodium \<135 mmol/L.
Time frame: Baseline to day 3
Incidence of hypotension
Percentage of patients with systolic blood pressure \<90 mmHg.
Time frame: Baseline to day 3
Incidence of stage 2 acute kidney injury
Percentage of patients with stage 2 acute kidney injury according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging criteria, defined as at least doubling of serum creatinine from baseline. KDIGO stages range from 1 to 3, with higher stages indicating more severe kidney injury (worse outcome).
Time frame: Baseline to day 3
Incidence of ≥50% increase in serum creatinine
Percentage of patients with ≥50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline to day 3
Length of hospital stay
Duration of index hospitalization (days).
Time frame: From emergency department admission until hospital discharge, assessed up to 90 days
In-hospital mortality
Death from any cause during index hospitalization.
Time frame: From emergency department admission until hospital discharge, assessed up to 90 days
All-cause mortality
Time to death from any cause.
Time frame: From study inclusion until death from any cause, assessed up to 90 days
Cardiovascular mortality
Time to cardiovascular death.
Time frame: From study inclusion until cardiovascular death, assessed up to 90 days
All-cause rehospitalization
Time to first rehospitalization for any cause.
Time frame: From hospital discharge until first rehospitalization for any cause, assessed up to 90 days after study inclusion
Heart failure rehospitalization
Time to first rehospitalization for heart failure.
Time frame: From hospital discharge until first rehospitalization for heart failure, assessed up to 90 days after study inclusion
Composite of all-cause mortality or all-cause rehospitalization
Time to first occurrence of all-cause death or all-cause rehospitalization.
Time frame: From study inclusion until the first occurrence of any component event, assessed up to 90 days
Composite of cardiovascular mortality or heart failure rehospitalization
Time to first occurrence of cardiovascular death or heart failure rehospitalization.
Time frame: From study inclusion until the first occurrence of any component event, assessed up to 90 days
Ran from Mar 2024 to primary completion in Sep 2026, 30 months.
Of 164 non-industry phase 4 interventional studies under Heart Failure, half reached primary completion within 32 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 22 and three quarters within 56. This study's 30 months is close to that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 183 studies reached it within 31 months; a quarter within 22 and three quarters within 56.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Studies of the drugs tested here: Acetazolamide · Dapagliflozin · Empagliflozin