CompletedNCT07893262Updated Oct 23, 2026

Virtual Reality During Transurethral Bladder Catheterization

An interventional study of Virtual reality glasses in Urinary Catheterization, sponsored by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-23.

Sponsored by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

From the registry’s dates

Registered 6 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Apr 2026, registered Oct 2026).

Updated Oct 23, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓

Phase: Not applicable
Study type: Interventional
Enrollment: 91
Allocation: Randomized
Ages: 18 Years and older
Sex: Female

Study summary

Brief Summary / Aim

This study aimed to determine the effect of showing videos using virtual reality goggles (VRG), in addition to routine care and follow-up, on pain, anxiety levels, and patient satisfaction during transurethral bladder catheterization (TBC).

Materials and Methods

This pre-test-post-test randomized controlled experimental study included patients undergoing transurethral bladder catheterization for the first time. A total of 91 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=46) and a control group (n=45).

Data were collected using the Patient Information Form (PIF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS), and Patient Satisfaction Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ).

Participants in the intervention group were shown videos using virtual reality goggles in addition to routine care during the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure. Participants in the control group received routine care. Pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction were assessed according to the study protocol.

Conditions studied

Urinary Catheterization

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Keywords

Anxiety
Nursing Care
Pain
Patient Satisfaction
Virtual Reality
Urinary catheterization

In context

Anxiety Disorders

5,063 studies on the registry are indexed under Anxiety Disorders; 1,408 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 91 is above the median of 80 across 4,339 interventional studies indexed under Anxiety Disorders.

Browse Anxiety Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi is the lead sponsor of 447 studies on the registry; 138 are open to participants now.

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Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

Who can participate

Ages eligible: 18 Years and older
Sexes eligible: Female
Accepts healthy volunteers: No

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:Aged 18 years or older

Female patients
Patients undergoing TBC for the first time
16 french foley catheter inserted
Patients receiving inpatient or outpatient care in the urology department
Patients with at least a basic literacy level
Patients who do not wear prescribed glasses that would interfere with VRG placement
Patients without migraine, vertigo, active nausea, vomiting, or headache
Patients without a diagnosed psychiatric disorder
Patients who volunteered to participate in the study
Patients without mental disability or communication barriers were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:Those who did not wish to wear a VRG

Those with severe vision problems
Those who were not willing to participate in the study
Those who had previously undergone TBC
Those with a history of urological or gynecological surgery
Those experiencing pain before the procedure
Patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria for the study (e.g., male patients and those who were younger than 18 years old)

Study design

Phase: Not applicable
Primary purpose: Supportive care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel assignment
Masking: None (open label)
Enrollment: 91 participants (actual)

Study arms

Experimental
Virtual reality glasses group
In addition to routine care, participants in this group were shown videos using virtual reality goggles during urinary catheterization.
Other: Virtual reality glasses
No intervention
Control group
No additional interventions, other than routine care, were performed on the participants in this group.

Interventions

OtherVirtual reality glasses
In addition to routine care, participants in the intervention group were shown videos using virtual reality headsets during catheterization.

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

Visual Analog Scores
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure.
Time frame: 5 minutes after urinary catheterization
Beck Anxiety Scale
Anxiety: Anxiety levels will be assessed using the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) before and after the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure.
Time frame: 5 minutes after urinary catheterization
Patient Satisfaction Assessment Questions
\*\*Patient Satisfaction:\*\* Patient satisfaction with the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure will be assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) following the procedure. Satisfaction with the virtual reality headset application will also be assessed among participants in the intervention group.
Time frame: 5 minutes after urinary catheterization

Study locations

1 site

Tekirdag Namık Kemal University
Tekirdağ, süleymanpaşa 59100, Turkey (Türkiye)

References and documents

Publications

Cao, L., Qi, X., Liu, D., Mao, X., Luo, L., Liu, M., Wen, X., Cui, C., Qi, J., Xu, J., & Cui, Y. (2024). Effect of continuous infusion in alleviating pain during male urethral catheterization. BMC Anesthesiology, 24, 457. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-024-02848-4 Moreau, S., Thérond, A., Cerda, I. H., Studer, K., Pan, A., Tharpe, J., Crowther, J. E., Abd-Elsayed, A., Gilligan, C., Tolba, R., Ashina, S., Schatman, M. E., Kaye, A. D., Yong, R. J., & Robinson, C. L. (2024). Virtual reality in acute and chronic pain medicine: An updated review. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 28, 893-928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-024-01246-2
Chen H, Li X, Cui H, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Gao X. Development of a knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on urine leakage with an indwelling urethral catheter for nurses in China. Nurs Open. 2023 May;10(5):2960-2970. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1539. Epub 2022 Dec 11. PubMed 36503181 ↗
Haider, M. Z., & Annamaraju, P. (2023, August 8). Bladder catheterization. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560748/

Study documents

Informed consent form · Apr 1, 2026
Informed consent form · Apr 1, 2026

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

Updates

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026

Registered

First appeared on the registry. No changes since

Oct 23, 2026

Show all 1 update

Oct 23, 2026
First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Registry details

Key details

Study ID: NCT07893262
Lead sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
Responsible party: Dilek Urtekin (Ph.D, Namik Kemal University) — Principal investigator
First posted: Oct 23, 2026
Start date: Apr 1, 2026
Primary completion: Aug 31, 2026
Completion: Aug 31, 2026
Last update: Oct 23, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No

View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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