An interventional study of Visual Feedback-Assisted Sensorimotor Training and Conventional Exercise Training in Chronic Low Back Pain, sponsored by Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-21.
Sponsored by Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
Chronic nonspecific low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that can negatively affect physical function and quality of life. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of visual feedback-assisted sensorimotor training on pain, functional disability, sensory discrimination, and lumbopelvic motor control in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
A total of 70 participants aged 18-65 years will be randomly assigned to two groups: visual feedback-assisted sensorimotor training or conventional exercise therapy. Both groups will receive 12 treatment sessions over four weeks, with three sessions per week.
Participants will be evaluated at baseline, immediately after the four-week intervention, and one month after treatment completion. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity and functional disability. Secondary outcomes will include two-point discrimination, lumbopelvic motor control, fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, quality of life, and disability.
The study aims to determine whether visual feedback-assisted sensorimotor training provides greater improvements than conventional exercise therapy.
Chronic nonspecific low back pain is associated with alterations in sensory processing, body perception, and motor control. Sensorimotor training approaches targeting tactile discrimination and lumbopelvic movement control may contribute to improvements in pain and functional outcomes.
This study is a single-center, prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Seventy adults aged 18-65 years with chronic nonspecific low back pain lasting at least three months will be enrolled and randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups.
The experimental group will receive visual feedback-assisted sensorimotor training consisting of two-point discrimination training, graphesthesia exercises, and lumbopelvic motor control exercises , supported by visual feedback. The control group will receive a conventional exercise program consisting of warm-up, stretching, and strengthening exercises.
Both groups will complete 12 supervised treatment sessions over four weeks, with three 30-minute sessions per week.
Assessments will be performed at baseline, immediately after the four-week intervention, and one month after treatment completion. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity, measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and functional disability, measured using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ).
Secondary outcomes will include two-point discrimination, lumbopelvic motor control, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, quality of life, and disability, assessed using the corresponding clinical tests and questionnaires.
2,922 studies on the registry are indexed under Low Back Pain; 580 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 70 is above the median of 60 across 2,364 interventional studies indexed under Low Back Pain.
Browse Low Back Pain studies →Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital is the lead sponsor of 41 studies on the registry; 14 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants in this group will receive visual feedback-assisted sensorimotor training, including two-point discrimination training, graphesthesia exercises, and lumbopelvic motor control exercises. The program will be delivered over four weeks, with three sessions per week (12 sessions in total), each lasting approximately 30 minutes. Visual feedback will be provided using a mirror during motor control exercises.
Behavioral: Visual Feedback-Assisted Sensorimotor Training
Participants will receive a conventional exercise program consisting of warm-up exercises, stretching of the hamstrings, hip flexors, and lumbar muscles, and strengthening exercises including curl-ups, straight leg raises, glute bridges, side-lying hip abduction, and bird-dog exercises. The program will be administered three times weekly for four weeks, totaling 12 sessions of approximately 30 minutes each.
Behavioral: Conventional Exercise Training
Participants will receive visual feedback-assisted sensorimotor training, including two-point discrimination, graphesthesia, and lumbopelvic motor control exercises. Two-point discrimination training will be individualized according to sensory thresholds, with a 10% reduction in distance when 90% accuracy is achieved. Graphesthesia training will involve identifying figures traced on the lumbar region. Motor control exercises will include posterior pelvic tilt, hip hinge, single-leg stance, sitting knee extension, and prone knee flexion-rotation. Mirror-based visual feedback will be provided during motor control exercises. Training will be conducted three times per week for four weeks, totaling 12 sessions of approximately 30 minutes each.
Participants will receive a conventional exercise program consisting of a 5-minute warm-up, 5 minutes of stretching, 15 minutes of strengthening exercises, and a 5-minute cool-down period including diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation exercises.Stretching will target the hamstrings, hip flexors, and lumbar paraspinal muscles and will include knee-to-chest exercises. Strengthening exercises will include curl-ups, straight leg raises, glute bridges, side-lying hip abduction, and bird-dog exercises.The program will be administered three times per week for four weeks, totaling 12 sessions of 30 minutes each.
Change in Pain Intensity (Numeric Rating Scale)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. Changes in NRS scores from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Functional Disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire)
Functional disability related to low back pain will be assessed using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater disability. Changes in RMDQ scores from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Lumbar Two-Point Discrimination Threshold
Lumbar tactile spatial acuity will be assessed using a two-point discrimination test with a caliper. The minimum distance at which participants can reliably distinguish two simultaneous touch points will be recorded in millimeters (mm). Lower thresholds indicate better tactile discrimination. Changes from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Lumbopelvic Motor Control (Luomajoki Movement Control Tests)
Lumbopelvic motor control will be assessed using the Luomajoki Movement Control Tests. The test battery consists of six movement control tests evaluating the ability to maintain appropriate lumbar spine control during functional movements. Each test is scored as 0 (correct performance) or 1 (incorrect performance), resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate greater movement control impairment. Changes in total scores from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia)
Kinesiophobia will be assessed using the 17-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17). Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater fear of movement and reinjury. Changes in total TSK scores from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Pain Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale)
Pain catastrophizing will be assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), a 13-item self-report questionnaire evaluating rumination, magnification, and helplessness related to pain. Each item is scored from 0 to 4, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate greater pain catastrophizing. Changes in total PCS scores from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Physical Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-12 Physical Component Summary)
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The questionnaire provides two summary scores: the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS). Higher scores indicate better physical and mental health, respectively. Changes from baseline will be evaluated at post-intervention and follow-up.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Disability (WHODAS 2.0 - 12-item)
Disability will be assessed using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Each item is scored from 0 (no difficulty) to 4 (extreme difficulty or inability to perform), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 48 using simple summation. Higher scores indicate greater disability. Changes from baseline will be assessed.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Change in Mental Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-12 Mental Component Summary)
Mental health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Higher scores indicate better mental health-related quality of life. Changes in MCS scores from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up will be evaluated.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4 (post-intervention), and Week 8 (1-month follow-up)
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be shared with external researchers. The data collected during this study will be used for the purposes of the research and will be handled confidentially in accordance with ethical and data protection requirements. Only aggregated, anonymized study results will be reported in scientific publications.
Start is estimated for Nov 2026; primary completion for Mar 2027, 4 months later.
Of 1,231 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Low Back Pain, half reached primary completion within 11 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 26. This study's planned 4 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 1,286 studies reached it within 11 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 27.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital