An observational study in Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Female, sponsored by Pamukkale University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-21.
Sponsored by Pamukkale University · Observational
In this study, the investigators investigated upper extremity function and breast cancer-related lymphedema in individuals following breast cancer surgery and treatments
Written informed consent was obtained from the participants; their demographic information and clinical characteristics (related to surgery and cancer treatment) were recorded; and shoulder pain, upper extremity functional status, and lymphedema were assessed. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was used to assess shoulder-related functional impairment and activities of daily living, and a hand dynamometer test was used to assess upper extremity muscle strength. For lymphedema, circumference measurements were used to calculate extremity volume using the Frustum formula, and subcutaneous fluid ratios were measured. Assessments were performed only once for each participant.
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The study included 175 patients aged 18 and older who were being followed up at the Breast Clinic of the Department of General Surgery at Pamukkale University (following mastectomy and curative treatment) and who had undergone breast surgery.
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Exclusion Criteria:
upper extremity function- pain and disability
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was used to assess functional impairment of the shoulder and activities of daily living. The pain subparameter consists of 5 questions related to shoulder pain during daily living activities, and the activity limitation subparameter consists of 8 questions related to difficulty performing daily living activities. Responses are numerically scored by the participants on a scale of 0-10. To determine the value of each subparameter, the scores of all responses are summed and divided by the number of questions in that subparameter. The total score is determined as the average of the scores of the two subparameters. A higher score indicates increased pain and impaired shoulder function.
Time frame: july 2025-april 2026
breast cancer-related lymphedema - volume
Circumference measurements were taken to assess upper extremity lymphedema, and volume was calculated using the frustum formula. The calculated volume difference between the two extremities of less than 200 ml does not rule out lymphedema, but a difference of ≥200 ml indicates lymphedema.
Time frame: july 2025-april 2026
upper extremity function- muscle strenght
A handheld dynamometer test was used to assess upper extremity muscle strength. Three measurements were made and the average is recorded.
Time frame: july 2025-april 2026
breast cancer-related lymphedema - tissue dielectric constant
Tissue dielectric constant was determined by measuring the subcutaneous fluid density of individuals at reference points using the Moisture Meter-D compact (MMDc, Delfin Technologies, Finland) device. Reference points are the midpoint 10 cm below the axilla, and 6 cm distal and 8 cm proximal to the antecubital line. Individuals were informed about the device and measurements before the procedure. Care was taken to ensure there are no creams or lotions on the skin. After individuals rest in a supine position for 10 minutes, 3 repeated measurements were taken at the reference points on both extremities, and the averages were recorded.
Time frame: july 2025-april 2026
Plan to share: Undecided — The data of the study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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