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RecruitingNCT07834333Updated Nov 5, 2026

Effectiveness of Theta Burst Stimulation For Upper and Lower Extremity Recovery in Stroke

An interventional study of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) and Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) in Ischemic Stroke, sponsored by Ankara Etlik City Hospital. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 45 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-05.

Sponsored by Ankara Etlik City Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Sep 2026; still recruiting 1 month later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
45 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This single-center, single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial will include 60 patients aged >45 years who are within 3 months of a first-ever middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke. Participants will be randomized into four groups: coupled TBS (contralesional cTBS followed by ipsilesional iTBS), cTBS plus sham iTBS, sham cTBS plus iTBS, or sham TBS. TBS will be delivered over the primary motor cortex for 10 sessions over 2 weeks. Stimulation intensity will be set at 80% of the resting motor threshold determined using EMG-guided motor evoked potentials. Each cTBS and iTBS application will consist of 600 pulses. All participants will additionally receive standardized conventional rehabilitation for at least 4 weeks.

The primary outcome will be upper-extremity motor recovery assessed using the motor domain of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Secondary outcomes will include lower-extremity motor recovery, spasticity, sensory function, cortical excitability, functional ambulation, activities of daily living, and stroke-specific quality of life. Assessments will be performed at baseline, after the 2-week intervention, and at 1-month post-treatment follow-up.

02

Conditions studied

  • Ischemic Stroke

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Keywords

  • Theta Burst Stimulation
  • Stroke Rehabilitation
  • Motor Recovery
  • Upper Extremity Motor Function
  • Lower Extremity Motor Function
  • Cortical Excitability
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
03

In context

Ischemic Stroke

2,612 studies on the registry are indexed under Ischemic Stroke; 971 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 60 is below the median of 120 across 1,776 interventional studies indexed under Ischemic Stroke.

Browse Ischemic Stroke studies →

Lead sponsor

Ankara Etlik City Hospital is the lead sponsor of 176 studies on the registry; 77 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
45 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Diagnosis of ischemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Within the first 3 months after stroke.
  • First-ever stroke.
  • Age ≥45 years.
  • Brunnstrom stage 1, 2, or 3 for the upper extremity and hand.
  • No previous physical therapy after the current stroke.
  • Ability to maintain at least minimal semi-sitting balance.
  • Medically and neurologically stable.
  • score >24.
  • Native Turkish speaker who voluntarily agrees to participate and provides written .

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of epilepsy.
  • Presence of a pacemaker.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Neurological disease other than stroke.
  • Metallic implants in the brain or scalp, including cochlear implants.
  • History of brain surgery.
  • Comorbid disease that may significantly impair general health, such as heart f-failure or , and/or severe infection.
  • Diagnosis of .
  • Peripheral nerve injury and/or musculoskeletal disorder affecting motor function of the upper or lower extremities, such as fracture.
  • Cardiac arrhythmia.
  • Aphasia, spatial neglect, or visual field loss.
  • Visual or hearing impairment that prevents communication.
  • Alcohol and/or drug dependence.
  • Refusal to participate or failure to provide .
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe out, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Coupled TBS Group

    Participants will receive contralesional continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) followed by ipsilesional intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) within the same session. Ten sessions will be administered over 2 weeks in addition to standardized conventional rehabilitation.

    Device: Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) · Device: Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS)

  • Experimental
    cTBS + Sham iTBS Group

    Participants will receive contralesional continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) followed by ipsilesional sham intermittent theta burst stimulation (sham iTBS) within the same session. Ten sessions will be administered over 2 weeks in addition to standardized conventional rehabilitation.

    Device: Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) · Device: Sham Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation

  • Experimental
    Sham cTBS + iTBS Group

    Participants will receive contralesional sham continuous theta burst stimulation (sham cTBS) followed by ipsilesional intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) within the same session. Ten sessions will be administered over 2 weeks in addition to standardized conventional rehabilitation.

    Device: Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) · Device: Sham Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

  • Sham comparator
    Sham TBS Group

    Participants will receive contralesional sham continuous theta burst stimulation (sham cTBS) followed by ipsilesional sham intermittent theta burst stimulation (sham iTBS) within the same session. Ten sessions will be administered over 2 weeks in addition to standardized conventional rehabilitation.

    Device: Sham Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation · Device: Sham Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation

Interventions

  • DeviceContinuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS)

    Continuous theta burst stimulation will be applied over the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) at 80% of the resting motor threshold. A total of 600 pulses will be delivered over 40 seconds as triplets at 50 Hz repeated every 200 ms.

  • DeviceIntermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS)

    Intermittent theta burst stimulation will be applied over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) at 80% of the resting motor threshold. A total of 600 pulses will be delivered over approximately 190 seconds using 2-second trains repeated every 10 seconds.

  • DeviceSham Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

    Sham continuous theta burst stimulation will be delivered over the contralesional primary motor cortex using a sham coil for 40 seconds.

  • DeviceSham Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation

    Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation will be delivered over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex using a sham coil for approximately 190 seconds.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Upper Extremity Motor Function Assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Upper Extremity Motor Subscale (FMA-UE)

    Upper extremity motor function will be assessed using the motor subsection of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. The FMA-UE motor score ranges from 0 to 66, with higher scores indicating better upper extremity motor function. Each item is scored on a 3-point ordinal scale: 0 = cannot perform, 1 = performs partially, and 2 = performs fully

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  2. Change in Lower Extremity Motor Function Assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Lower Extremity Motor Subscale

    Lower extremity motor recovery will be assessed using the lower extremity motor subsection of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  3. Change in Motor Recovery Stage Assessed by the Brunnstrom Motor Recovery Stages

    Motor recovery of the upper and lower extremities will be evaluated using the Brunnstrom Motor Recovery Stages. Each assessed region is rated separately from stage I (1) to stage VI (6), with higher stages indicating better motor recovery.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Spasticity Assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale

    Spasticity of the upper and lower extremities will be assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Scores range from 0 (no increase in muscle tone) to 4 (rigidity in flexion or extension), with six ordinal categories: 0, 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4. Higher scores indicate greater muscle tone and resistance to passive movement, representing a worse outcome.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  2. Change in Sensory Function Assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Sensory Subscale

    Sensory function of the upper and lower extremities will be assessed using the sensory subsection of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. This subsection evaluates light touch and joint position sense, with each item scored on a three-point ordinal scale (0-2). The combined sensory score for the upper and lower extremities ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating better sensory function.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  3. Change in Cortical Excitability Assessed by Motor Evoked Potential Amplitude

    Cortical excitability will be evaluated by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  4. Change in Cortical Excitability Assessed by Motor Evoked Potential Latency

    Cortical excitability will be evaluated by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) latency.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  5. Change in Functional Ambulation Assessed by the Functional Ambulation Scale

    Functional ambulation will be assessed using the Functional Ambulation Scale (FAS). The scale consists of six ordinal categories ranging from 0 to 5. A score of 0 indicates an inability to walk or the need for assistance from two or more people, whereas a score of 5 indicates independent walking on level and uneven surfaces, including stairs. Higher scores indicate greater independence in walking and a better functional outcome.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  6. Change in Independence in Activities of Daily Living Assessed by the Modified Barthel Index

    Independence in activities of daily living and mobility will be assessed using the Modified Barthel Index. The index consists of 10 items, with item scores summed to yield a total score ranging from 0 to 100. A score of 0 indicates total dependence, whereas a score of 100 indicates independence in all assessed activities. Higher scores indicate greater functional independence and a better outcome.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

  7. Change in Stroke-Specific Quality of Life

    Stroke-specific quality of life will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL). The scale consists of 48 items across eight domains. Each item is rated on a five-point scale ranging from 1 to 5. The mean item score will be calculated by averaging the scores of all 48 items, resulting in an overall score ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 2, and Week 6

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Long H, Wang H, Zhao C, Duan Q, Feng F, Hui N, Mao L, Liu H, Mou X, Yuan H. Effects of combining high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper limb hemiparesis in the early phase of stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2018;36(1):21-30. doi: 10.3233/RNN-170733. PubMed 29439359 ↗
  • Kuzu O, Adiguzel E, Kesikburun S, Yasar E, Yilmaz B. The Effect of Sham Controlled Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation and Low Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Upper Extremity Spasticity and Functional Recovery in Chronic Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Jul;30(7):105795. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105795. Epub 2021 Apr 20. PubMed 33887662 ↗
  • Chen Q, Shen D, Sun H, Ke J, Wang H, Pan S, Liu H, Wang D, Su M, Fang Q. Effects of coupling inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor recovery in patients following acute cerebral infarction. NeuroRehabilitation. 2021;48(1):83-96. doi: 10.3233/NRE-201606. PubMed 33361618 ↗
  • Fu Y, Wang C, Zhang L, Ji D, Xiang A, Qi J, Zhao R, Wu L, Jin S, Zhang Q. The effectiveness of theta burst stimulation for motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Eur J Med Res. 2024 Nov 29;29(1):568. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-02170-2. PubMed 39609900 ↗
  • Meng Y, Zhang D, Hai H, Zhao YY, Ma YW. Efficacy of coupling intermittent theta-burst stimulation and 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance upper limb motor recovery in subacute stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2020;38(1):109-118. doi: 10.3233/RNN-190953. PubMed 32039879 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
Minor edits
Nothing that changes what the study is or who can join. Edited: verification date and date precision
1 update, last Nov 5, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Nov 5, 2026
    Minor edits only
    + 2 other changes: verification date and date precision

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07834333
Responsible party
Ayse Naz Kalem (pm&r specialist, Ankara Etlik City Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 22, 2026
Start date
Sep 30, 2026
Primary completion
Aug 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 5, 2026

Study contacts

Fatma Melis Ertuğrul Öztürk, Resident
Contact
melis.ertugrul@hotmail.com
03127970000

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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