An interventional study of Active Shooter and Target Practice in Stress, Acute Stress Reaction and Virtual Reality, sponsored by Texas State University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 39 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-18.
Sponsored by Texas State University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
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Among 26 studies in Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute with a site in United States — 9 open to participants now, 9 under way, none of them phase 3. Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute · United States.
Among the 26 studies in Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute with a site in United States, this one is the 18th largest by enrollment of the 24 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 5 that started in 2025, is one of 14 with no phase, and was the 26th registered.
58 studies on the registry are indexed under Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute; 15 are open to participants now.
Browse Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute studies →9 of the 26 studies in Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) · Sites in United States
Ages 18–40 · Healthy volunteers
Rhode Island Hospital · Sites in United States
Ages 12–17 · Healthy volunteers
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Sites in United States
Ages 18–65
University of Minnesota · Sites in United States
Ages 21–70 · Healthy volunteers
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) · Sites in United States
Ages 18–40
A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →
Of the 9 Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute studies recruiting now, 2 set no upper age limit and 7 stop at 75 or younger; 1 takes children under 18; 3 take healthy volunteers.
This study: 18 Years to 39 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.
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26 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.
A study in two phases is counted once above. Listed by phase, each with its combined phases: Phase 1 1 · Phase 2 7 · Phase 3 1 · Phase 4 3
First in 2002; this study’s year is marked. 5 started in 2025.
By drug class, each counting the studies that test any of its medicines:
This study's enrollment of 50 is below the median of 91 across 52 interventional studies indexed under Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute.
Median enrollment 73 across the 24 interventional studies, 172 across the 1 observational. Of the 13 that completed or were terminated, 4 (31%) have results posted.
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1 of 26 have an industry lead sponsor. The 10 most frequent:
Texas State University is the lead sponsor of 15 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
Texas State University has 2 studies filed under Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute — fewer than ten, so there is no comparison to draw.
5 of the studies in Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute with a site in United States that are under way reach primary completion within a year, 0 of them phase 3. Phase 3 first, then by date:
| Study | Primary completion |
|---|---|
| NCT06636786University of North Carolina, Chapel HillPrevention/Reduction of ASRs and PTSD to Sustain Civilian Performance With Sublingual Cyclobenzaprine HCl (TNX-102 SL) | 2026-11 |
| NCT06482567University of North Carolina, Chapel HillPromoting Improved Functioning Among People Experiencing Stressful Situations | 2027-03 |
| NCT07197476Rhode Island HospitalAdolescent Stress and Substance Intervention Subsequent to Trauma | 2027-04 |
| NCT05427708University of Texas at AustinRespiratory Training in the Treatment of Transdiagnostic Pathological Anxiety | 2027-05 |
| NCT07654777Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)The Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation to Sustain Performance Outcomes | 2027-09 |
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Among the 26 studies in Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute with a site in United States, from their registry updates:
This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.
The purpose of this study is to examine whether repeated exposure to an active shooter or target practice virtual reality (VR) scenario alters physiological and psychological stress responses over time. Specifically, this study will determine whether the pattern and magnitude of stress habituation differ between the two VR conditions.
This study examines the effects of repeated virtual reality (VR) exposure on physiological and psychological stress responses by comparing an active shooter scenario with a target practice scenario. Repeated exposure to a stressor may result in changes in physiological and psychological responses over time, a process known as stress habituation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine whether repeated exposure to these two VR scenarios results in different patterns of stress habituation. Heart rate, salivary stress biomarkers, and self-reported anxiety will be assessed across repeated VR exposures to evaluate changes in stress responses over time. The findings from this research may provide insight into how stress responses change with repeated exposure to different types of VR scenarios and may inform the development of training approaches for individuals in high-stress occupations.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Group assigned to active shooter scenarios only
Other: Active Shooter
Group assigned to two target practice scenarios and one active shooter scenario for the third trial only.
Other: Target Practice
Participants experienced a virtual reality simulation lasting \~3 minutes. Participants took on the roll of a law enforcement officer responding to an active shooter situation in a gas station (trial 1), home (trial 2), and school (trial 3).
Participants experienced a virtual reality simulation lasting \~3 minutes. Participants had two trials of target practice training and one trial of an active shooter scenario where they responded as a law enforcement officer in a school.
State Anxiety Inventory (SAI)
The SAI is a 6 question survey on a 24 point scale, asking the subject to record how they feel. Questions asked were "I am calm," I am tense," "I am worried," "I am relaxed," etc. Subjects were asked to fill this out 4 times throughout the study, alongside HR and saliva samples.
Time frame: Timepoint 1-4 were 20 minutes pre, immediately pre, immediately post, and 15 minutes post
Heart Rate
Heart rate was recorded immediately prior to each saliva sample using a Polar Verity Sense heart rate wrist/arm strap.
Time frame: HR was recorded 4 times, before each saliva sample period
Secretory Immunoglobulin-A
SIgA is a marker of immune function and salivary SIgA concentrations tend to increase when exposed to stress
Time frame: Measured using the saliva samples taken at timepoints 1-4 (20 min pre, immediately pre, immediately post, 15 min post)
Salivary Alpha Amylase
sAA is an enzyme involved in digestive processes. Amylase concentrations in saliva have been shown to reflect sympathetic stress. Thus, as sympathetic stress increases, salivary amylase concentrations tend to increase.
Time frame: Measured using the saliva samples taken at timepoints 1-4 (20 min pre, immediately pre, immediately post, 15 min post)
Plan to share: No — IRB at Texas State does not allow the sharing of individual data, and all data has already been made unidentifiable for this study.
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Ran from Oct 2025 to primary completion in May 2026, 7 months.
Of 25 interventional studies with no phase under Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, half reached primary completion within 16 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 35. This study's 7 months is below that.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute →
Texas State University