An interventional study of Virtual Reality (VR) in Ingrown Toenail and Virtual Reality, sponsored by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-01.
Sponsored by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
Ingrown toenail is a common condition that may cause significant pain, functional impairment, and recurrent disease. Although conservative management is appropriate for mild cases, moderate-to-severe or recurrent ingrown toenails are commonly treated surgically under local anesthesia. However, pain associated with the digital nerve block and procedure-related anxiety may negatively affect the patient experience. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for reducing pain and anxiety during a variety of medical procedures by providing an immersive distraction. Nevertheless, evidence regarding its use during ingrown toenail surgery remains limited. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of VR on procedure-related pain intensity and anxiety in adults undergoing outpatient ingrown toenail surgery under local anesthesia compared with standard care. Secondary objectives include assessing the effects of VR on physiological arousal parameters, patient satisfaction, and safety.
20 studies on the registry are indexed under Nails, Ingrown; 4 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 66 is above the median of 50 across 17 interventional studies indexed under Nails, Ingrown.
Browse Nails, Ingrown studies →Ankara City Hospital Bilkent is the lead sponsor of 443 studies on the registry; 111 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
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Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants will undergo standard outpatient ingrown toenail surgery under local anesthesia. During the procedure, they will wear a virtual reality headset with headphones and view an immersive nature-based video accompanied by relaxing environmental sounds. All surgical and postoperative care will be identical to the control group.
Other: Virtual Reality (VR)
Participants will undergo standard outpatient ingrown toenail surgery under local anesthesia without the use of a virtual reality headset. All surgical procedures, perioperative management, and postoperative care will be identical to those in the VR group.
Participants will wear a virtual reality headset with headphones during outpatient ingrown toenail surgery performed under local anesthesia. The VR intervention consists of immersive nature-based audiovisual content, including forest, ocean, and tropical beach environments accompanied by relaxing natural sounds, and is used as a non-pharmacological distraction technique throughout the procedure.
State anxiety score
State anxiety assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-State) questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline (before the procedure) and 30 minutes after completion of the procedure.
Pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale, VAS)
Pain intensity measured using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. The effect of virtual reality on procedure-related pain will be evaluated by comparing VAS scores between the study groups.
Time frame: Baseline (before the procedure), within 2 minutes after digital nerve block, and 30 minutes after completion of the procedure.
Heart rate
Heart rate (beats/min) measured to evaluate physiological arousal associated with the procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (before the procedure), within 2 minutes after digital nerve block, and 30 minutes after the procedure.
Blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) measured to assess physiological responses to the procedure.
Time frame: Baseline (before the procedure), within 2 minutes after digital nerve block, and 30 minutes after the procedure.
Plan to share: No
Started Jul 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Nov 2026, 3 months after the start.
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