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Not yet recruitingNCT07691346Updated Sep 11, 2026

Dyclonine vs. Tetracaine for Local Anesthesia in Unsedated Gastroscopy

An interventional study of Dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage and Tetracaine Hydrochloride Jelly in Gastrointestinal Symptoms, sponsored by General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-11.

Sponsored by General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
208
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Gastroscopy is a key diagnostic approach for upper gastrointestinal diseases, but pharyngeal passage of the gastroscopy often causes participants' discomfort. Topical pharyngeal anesthetics are routinely used to alleviate such discomfort. Dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage and tetracaine hydrochloride jelly are the two most commonly used topical pharyngeal anesthetics in clinical practice. Although both agents are widely used, their comparative efficacy in unsedated gastroscopy remains unclear, and high-quality evidence is scarce. This study aims to compare their anesthetic efficacy,participant comfort, and safety.

Read the detailed description

A total of 208 participants undergoing unsedated gastroscopy will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the dyclonine group or the tetracaine group. Participants in the dyclonine group will receive dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage for pharyngeal topical anesthesia, whereas those in the tetracaine group will receive tetracaine hydrochloride jelly. The primary outcome is participant comfort assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, range 0-10) during the gastroscopy. Secondary outcomes include antifoaming efficacy, the incidence of nausea and vomiting, the duration of gastroscopy, participant and endoscopist satisfaction, and the incidence of adverse events.

02

Conditions studied

  • Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Keywords

  • Non-inferiority Trial
  • Dyclonine Hydrochloride
  • Tetracaine Hydrochloride
  • Visual Analogue Scale
  • Topical Anesthesia
  • Gastroscopy
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18-75 years, of either sex;
  • Scheduled for an unsedated gastroscopy;
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I or II;
  • Able to understand and cooperate with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) comfort assessment;
  • Willing to provide written informed consent voluntarily.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known allergy to the study agents;
  • Severe cardiopulmonary disease or hepatic/renal insufficiency;
  • Long-term use of sedatives or analgesics, or history of alcohol abuse;
  • Pregnancy or lactation;
  • Dysphagia or trismus (limited mouth opening);
  • Contraindications to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, including acute perforation and active massive bleeding;
  • Mental or cognitive disorders that may preclude cooperation with the procedure;
  • Scheduled for therapeutic endoscopic procedures with an anticipated procedure time exceeding 15 minutes;
  • Altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy due to prior total gastrectomy, esophagectomy, or subtotal gastrectomy.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Investigator)
Enrollment
208 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Dyclonine Group

    Drug: Dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage

  • Active comparator
    Tetracaine Group

    Drug: Tetracaine Hydrochloride Jelly

Interventions

  • DrugDyclonine hydrochloride mucilage

    Dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage (10 ml: 0.1 g) will be used. Each participant will hold 10 ml of the solution in the throat for 2 minutes before swallowing, 10-15 minutes prior to gastroscopy.

  • DrugTetracaine Hydrochloride Jelly

    Tetracaine hydrochloride jelly (specification: 10 g : 0.1 g) will be administered 10-15 minutes prior to gastroscopy. A nurse will spray the jelly onto the root of the participant's tongue and then instruct the participant to swallow it.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) Score

    Using a 0-10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no discomfort) to 10 (worst possible discomfort), higher scores indicate worse outcome.

    Time frame: Within 5 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

Secondary outcomes

  1. Patient-reported palatability acceptability

    Palatability acceptability was rated on a 3-level scale ( good, moderate, poor).

    Time frame: Within 1-2 minutes of buccal or spray administration

  2. Incidence of nausea and vomiting

    Time frame: Throughout the procedure and within 30 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

  3. First-pass success rate

    Time frame: Throughout the intubation process

  4. Antifoaming efficacy

    Assessed by the endoscopist using a 4-point grading scale: no bubbles or foam, view is clear; few bubbles present, but without interfering with mucosal evaluation; moderate amount of bubbles and foam, causing some difficulty in evaluation; abundant foam and bubbles, making mucosal evaluation hardly possible.

    Time frame: Time of gastroscopy insertion into the gastric body

  5. Duration of gastroscopy

    Time frame: Procedure time from endoscope insertion to withdrawal

  6. Satisfaction of participant and endoscopist

    Satisfaction is assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from very dissatisfied to very satisfied.

    Time frame: Within 5 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

  7. Willingness to repeat gastroscopy (yes/no)

    Time frame: Within 5 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

  8. Procedure-related pain score (VAS, 0-10)

    Using a 0-10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), higher scores indicate more severe pain.

    Time frame: Throughout the entire gastroscopy procedure

  9. Pharyngeal numbness after gastroscopy

    Time frame: Within 5 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

  10. Swallowing function (assessed by salivary swallowing difficulty) after gastroscopy

    Assessed by a 4-point grading scale: normal swallowing, no difficulty; mild difficulty, foreign body sensation but does not affect swallowing; moderate difficulty, obvious effort or mild choking; severe difficulty, unable to swallow saliva normally.

    Time frame: Within 5 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

  11. Incidence of adverse events

    Incidence of dizziness, headache, choking/coughing.

    Time frame: Throughout the procedure and within 30 minutes after completion of gastroscopy

Other outcomes

  1. Pre-procedural anxiety assessed by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS).

    Items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = extremely). The anxiety subscale consists of four items related to worry about the anesthetic and the procedure, with total scores ranging from 4 to 20. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels.

    Time frame: 30 minutes prior to gastroscopy

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Department of Gastroenterology,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command
    Shenyang, Liaoning, China
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Wang L, Wen QH, Wen LJ, Qin JM, Ren CM, Wen LM. Disturbance of consciousness caused by dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage: a case report. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024 Jan 22;24(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02407-x. PubMed 38254013 ↗
  • Han C, Li P, Guo Z, Guo Y, Sun L, Chen G, Qiu X, Mi W, Zhang C, Berra L. Improving mucosal anesthesia for awake endotracheal intubation with a novel method: a prospective, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Dec 14;20(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01210-8. PubMed 33317460 ↗
  • Abraham NS, Fallone CA, Mayrand S, Huang J, Wieczorek P, Barkun AN. Sedation versus no sedation in the performance of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a Canadian randomized controlled cost-outcome study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Sep;99(9):1692-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40157.x. PubMed 15330904 ↗
  • Jichao S, Cuida M, Mingxing C, Yunyun W, Dongdong Z. Oral dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage versus tetracaine spray in electronic flexible laryngoscopy: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Am J Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar-Apr;37(2):169-71. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.12.005. Epub 2015 Dec 9. PubMed 26954876 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07691346
Lead sponsor
General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region
Responsible party
Xingshun Qi (Director of Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 8, 2026
Start date
Sep 30, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jul 1, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 1, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 11, 2026

Study contacts

Xingshun Qi
Contact
xingshunqi@126.com
18909881019
Haoran Jia
Contact
2976851089@qq.com
13730977073

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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