An interventional study of Predominantly Plant-Based CKD Diet and Standard CKD Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease stage3, Chronic Kidney Disease stage4 and Diet Habit, sponsored by Changi General Hospital. Recruiting at 1 site in Singapore. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 79 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-22.
Sponsored by Changi General Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This two-year follow up, single-center, open-label, feasibility study will recruit outpatients from the Renal Medicine Clinic at Changi General Hospital. Eligible patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD will be assigned preferencebased to either a plant-based diet intervention (intake of at least 50% protein from plant sources) with regular dietitian counselling and follow up, or a control group receiving dietitian counselling for general CKD dietary advice without information on percentage of plant-based foods. Six monthly assessments will include estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum potassium, nutritional markers, and other relevant biochemical parameters. Quality of life and dietary adherence will be evaluated through questionnaires and food frequency records. This study will evaluate primarily, the feasibility of a plant-based diet in the Singaporean context. Secondarily it will evaluate its safety in terms of incidence of hyperkalaemia, and benefit in terms of improvement in acidosis.
Other exploratory outcomes will include (1) preliminary efficacy of plant-based diets on CKD progression (measured by eGFR decline); (2) risk of nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin D, B12 and iron; and (3) impact on other biochemical parameters of CKD.
985 studies on the registry are indexed under Feeding Behavior; 178 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 40 is below the median of 77 across 700 interventional studies indexed under Feeding Behavior.
Browse Feeding Behavior studies →Changi General Hospital is the lead sponsor of 101 studies on the registry; 18 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Immunosuppression
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Other: Predominantly Plant-Based CKD Diet
Other: Standard CKD Diet
Subjects in the intervention group will receive personalised dietary advice \& educational materials from a renal dietitian for retarding CKD progression (low salt, moderate protein) with additional focus on including more non-/minimally processed plant-based foods. Food recommended would be those easily obtained
Subjects in the control arm will receive advice from a renal dietician for general healthy eating for retarding CKD progression (low salt, low-moderate protein intake). No specific advice on percentage of protein intake contributed to by plant-based protein will be given.
Adherence to diet - based on Good vs Moderate vs Poor Adherence
Percentage adherence will be assessed independently by the dietician and investigator seeing the patient, then averaged. * Where there is a \>10% difference in assessment between dietician and investigator, the results will be discussed, and a combined decision will be made on adherence level * \>75% adherence - "Good Adherence" * 50-75% - "Moderate Adherence" * \<50% - "Poor Adherence"
Time frame: 1 year
Acceptability of Diet
Acceptability of diet via Diet, palatability and appetite questionnaire. In the absence of a validated cut-off score, acceptability will be assessed based on the proportion of positive versus negative responses to each item in the Diet, Palatability, and Appetite Questionnaire. A higher porportion of positive responses suggests a more accepatable diet. \>50% positive responses will indicate an acceptable diet while \< 50% of positive responses will indicate an unacceptable diet.
Time frame: 1 year
Serum Potassium level in mmol/L
Potassium will be measured in mmol/L. Hyperkalaemia will be defined as serum potassium level \> 5.3 mmol/L
Time frame: 1 year
Serum Bicarbonate Level (mmol/L)
Absolute serum bicarbonate level (mmol/L) will be measured. Metabolic acidosis will be defined as serum bicarbonate level \< 20 mmol/L.
Time frame: 1 year
Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) decline
Change in Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) over 1 year will be calculated
Time frame: 1 year
Plan to share: Undecided — Individual participant data (IPD) sharing is currently undecided. A data sharing plan will be developed at a later stage in accordance with institutional policies and applicable regulations.
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